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_(ASSIGN-9)

The document outlines the basics of logic gates, including their symbols, Boolean expressions, and truth tables. It covers various types of flip-flops, the structure and function of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and their application in automation systems. Additionally, it discusses ladder logic programming, timers, and internal relays used in PLCs for controlling motors and other devices.

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amanvijaythakur
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2 views

_(ASSIGN-9)

The document outlines the basics of logic gates, including their symbols, Boolean expressions, and truth tables. It covers various types of flip-flops, the structure and function of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and their application in automation systems. Additionally, it discusses ladder logic programming, timers, and internal relays used in PLCs for controlling motors and other devices.

Uploaded by

amanvijaythakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: TUSHAR GUPTA

ID:2023UME1689
ASSIGNMENT:9
1. Six Basic Logic Gates: Boolean
Expressions, Truth Table, and Timing
Diagrams
Gate Symbol Boolean Expression Truth
Table

AND . Y= A • B
AB
OR + Y=A+B
AB
NOT - Y = ¬A
A
NAND Y = ¬(A • B)
NOR Y = ¬(A + B)
XOR Y=A⊕B

2. Combining Logic Gates to Form Flip-Flops


SR Flip-Flop: Built using two NOR or NAND
gates. Stores 1-bit of memory.
JK Flip-Flop: Overcomes the limitation of SR
when both inputs are high.

D Flip-Flop: Captures input on clock edge;


used in data storage.

T Flip-Flop: Toggles state on input pulse.

These use feedback logic and are


sequential, not combinational.

3. What is PLC? Structure of PLC


PLC: Programmable Logic Controller

Structure:

CPU: Executes logic.

Memory: Stores programs and data.

Input Module: Reads signals from


sensors/switches.
Output Module: Controls actuators/motors.

Power Supply: Powers system.

Communication Ports: Interfaces with


HMI/SCADA.

4. PLC System for Placing Boxes in Batches


of Four
Sensors: Detect box presence.

Counter: Counts up to 4.

Conveyor Motor: Controlled by PLC.

Logic:

Increment count for each box.

Stop conveyor when count = 4.


Reset after offloading.

Ladder Logic:
|
5. PLCs, Sensors & Actuators in Modular FMS
Example: CNC + Robot + Conveyor

Sensors: Proximity, limit switches for


position feedback.

Actuators: Pneumatic arms, servos.

PLCs: Coordinate part movement, tool


change, safety interlocks.

Workflow:

Sensor detects part.

PLC activates conveyor.


Robot picks part and places in CNC.

Post-processing with actuator.

6. What is Latching? With Ladder Program


Latching: A method to maintain output ON
after the input turns OFF.

Used When:

Push button is momentary.

Output (e.g., motor) must stay ON.

Ladder Logic:

7. Combinational vs Sequential Logic


Feature Combinational Sequential
Output depends on Present inputs only
Inputs + previous states
Memory No Yes
Examples Adders, Multiplexers Counters,
Flip-Flops
PLC Role Logic control Timing, sequencing

8. Commercial Automation Design Tool


Example: Siemens TIA Portal

Features:

Ladder/Function block programming.

PLC simulation.

HMI design.

Real-time testing.

Others: Allen Bradley RSLogix, Automation


Studio, FluidSIM.
9. Boolean Expression: START/STOP Motor
Given:

X1 = START, X2 = STOP, Y1 = MOTOR, Y2 =


POWER-TO-MOTOR

Expression:

ini
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Y2 = X1 • ¬X2
Y1 = Y2 • (Y1 latched)
10. Ladder: A + (B • C) for Coil
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|----[ A ]----+----( Coil )----|
| |
|----[ B ]----[ C ]----|
13. Latch Circuit and Need
Used for: Start/Stop systems.
Diagram:

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|----[ Start ]----+----( Motor )----|
| |
|----[ Motor ]----|
|----[ Stop ]------------------------|
14. Ladder for Motor A & B with Sensors
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a) Sensor 1 ON:
|----[ S1 ]----( Motor A ON )
|----[ /S1 ]---( Motor B OFF )

b) Sensor 2 ON:
|----[ S2 ]----( Motor B ON )
|----[ /S2 ]---( Motor A OFF )
15. Sequence: A+, B+, A-, B- using Limit
Switches
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|----[ Start ]----------------( A+ )
|----[ a+ ]-------------------( B+ )
|----[ b+ ]-------------------( A- )
|----[ a- ]-------------------( B- )
Include interlocks and reset logic.

16. Timers and Internal Relays


Timers (TON/TOF): Delay ON or OFF.

Use: Time-based operations.

Internal Relays (M): Hold internal states.

Example:

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|----[ Start ]----[TON 5s]----( Output )
17. Ladder: Motor ON, Delay 100s, then
Pump ON
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|----[ Start ]----( Motor ON )
|----[ Motor ]----[TON 100s]----( Pump ON )

|----[ /Motor ]----[TON 10s]----( Pump OFF )


18. Ladder for Water Fill, Heat, Stir, Empty
Pump ON 100 sec

Heater ON 50 sec

Stir Motor ON 70 sec

Pump 2 ON 100 sec

Use TON timers and sequencing:

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|--[ Start ]----[TON T1, 100s]--( Pump1 )
|--[ T1.DN ]----[TON T2, 50s]---( Heater )
|--[ T2.DN ]----[TON T3, 70s]---( Stir Motor )
|--[ T3.DN ]----[TON T4, 100s]--( Pump2 )

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