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2.Cells

The document outlines the learning objectives related to plant and animal cells, including the ability to draw and label cell diagrams and identify their structures. It describes the basic components of cells, such as organelles, and highlights the differences between plant and animal cells. Additionally, it discusses the role of microbes, their positive contributions to the environment and food production, as well as their negative impacts, such as causing diseases and food spoilage.

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naomiscully23
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0 views14 pages

2.Cells

The document outlines the learning objectives related to plant and animal cells, including the ability to draw and label cell diagrams and identify their structures. It describes the basic components of cells, such as organelles, and highlights the differences between plant and animal cells. Additionally, it discusses the role of microbes, their positive contributions to the environment and food production, as well as their negative impacts, such as causing diseases and food spoilage.

Uploaded by

naomiscully23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning objectives

Students should be able to:


• Draw a simple diagram of an unspecialised
plant cell
• Draw a simple diagram of an unspecuialised
animal cell
• Name the structures found in unspecialised
cells
• Label diagrams of plants and animal cells
• Construct a model of a cell
CELLS
• Is the basic structural and functional unit of all
living organism
Organism can be
• unicellular (1 cell)
• Multicellular (many cells)
Plant & Animal cell
• All plant and animal cells contain structures
called organelles which are specialised to
carry out one or more vital functions
• E.g. nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes,
chloroplast and vacuoles.
• Organelles are found within the cytoplasm
and are surrounded by membranes.
Structures found in ALL plant & animal
cells
• Cell membrane or plasma membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria (singular mitochondrion)
• ribosomes
Structures found in plant cells ONLY
• Cell wall
• Chloroplasts
• A large vacuole
Structure of unspecialised animal cell
Structure of unspecialised plant cell
Function of the different cell structure
Microbes/microorganisms
• are extremely small organisms that include
viruses, bacteria and some fungi.
• They are important to life on earth
• But some are extremely harmful
Positive effects of microbes
• Recycle nutrients in nature & release chemical
elements e.g. carbon, oxygen and nitrogen
into the environment
• Some e.g. nitrogen fixing bacteria fix nitrogen
in the soil and root nodules of leguminous
plants (peas, beans) and convert nitrogen
from the atmosphere for plant use
• Certain bacteria enable herbivores to digest
their food
Positive effects cont’d.
• Some are used in food production e.g. yeast to
make bread, alcoholic beverages and yoghurt
• Treatment of sewage – converting it into
fertilizer
• Some e.g.. Bacteria and yeast are used to
produce antibiotics, vaccines and other drugs.
Negative effects of microbes
• Many cause disease in plants or animals e.g.
AIDS (caused by a virus), Cholera (bacterium)
athlete’s foot (fungus)
• Some damage crops, reducing yield
• Some cause food spoilage e.g. mould on bread
(fungus)

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