Scribd
Upload
13 views

Report Power

The document discusses a three-phase AC voltage controller circuit using thyristors for various applications including industrial heating, motor speed control, lighting control, and transformer tap changing. It explains the operational principles, benefits, and typical setups for soft starters in induction motors and solid-state tap changers. The controller allows for precise voltage regulation and smooth operation, enhancing system reliability and efficiency.

Uploaded by

abashosam18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
13 views

Report Power

The document discusses a three-phase AC voltage controller circuit using thyristors for various applications including industrial heating, motor speed control, lighting control, and transformer tap changing. It explains the operational principles, benefits, and typical setups for soft starters in induction motors and solid-state tap changers. The controller allows for precise voltage regulation and smooth operation, enhancing system reliability and efficiency.

Uploaded by

abashosam18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

EPM251

POWER ELECTRONICS FOR ENERGY


APPLICATIONS (1)
SPRING 2025
Report
Three phase AC voltage controller

Name: Hosam Mohamed Elsayed


Submitted to: Dr.Naggar Hemdan
Three phase AC voltage controller circuit and waveforms:

The circuit of a three-phase, three-wire ac regulator (termed as ac to ac voltage converter)


with balanced resistive (star-connected) load is shown in figure. It may be noted that the
resistance connected in all three phases are equal. Two thyristors connected back to back are
used per phase, thus needing a total of six thyristors. Please note the numbering scheme, which
is same as that used in a three-phase full wave bridge converter or inverter, described in
module 2 or 5. The thyristors are fired in sequence as shown in figure starting from 1 in
ascending order, with the angle between the triggering of thyristors 1 & 2 being (one-sixth of
the time period (°60T) of a complete cycle). The line frequency is 50 Hz, with fT/1==20 ms.

The thyristors are fired or triggered after a delay of α from the natural commutation point.
The natural commutation point is the starting of a cycle with period, (6/60T=°) of output
voltage waveform, if six thyristors are replaced by diodes. Note that the output voltage is
similar to phase-controlled waveform for a converter, with the difference that it is an ac
waveform in this case. The current flow is bidirectional, with the current in one direction in
the positive half, and then, in other (opposite) direction in the negative half. So, two thyristors
connected back to back are needed in each phase. The turning off of a thyristor occurs, if its
current falls to zero. To turn the thyristor on, the anode voltage must be higher that the
cathode voltage, and also, a triggering signal must be applied at its gate.

The procedure for obtaining the expression of the rms value of the output voltage per phase
for balanced star-connected resistive load, which depends on range of firing angle, as shown
later, is described. If is the rms value of the input voltage per phase, and assuming the voltage,
as the reference.
Three phase AC voltage controller application:

• Industrial Heating:

• Used in resistive heating systems (e.g., electric furnaces, ovens) for processes like annealing,
welding, or drying.
• Allows precise temperature control by varying power supplied to heating elements.

• Motor Speed Control:

• Employed in induction motors (especially for fans, pumps, blowers) to vary speed by controlling the
voltage.

• Economical alternative to variable frequency drives (VFDs) for low-performance requirements.

• Lighting Control:

• For controlling high-intensity industrial lighting systems, especially where gradual dimming is
needed.
• Helps in energy saving and extending the life of lamps.

• Soft Starters for Motors:

• Gradually increases the voltage to the motor, avoiding high inrush currents.
• Reduces mechanical and electrical stress during startup.

• Transformer Tap Changing:

• Used in on-load tap changers to regulate voltage in distribution systems.


• Provides smooth voltage adjustment without interrupting power supply.

• Power Conditioning:

• Regulates voltage for sensitive industrial equipment.


• Helps maintain performance in presence of fluctuating supply.
Three phase AC voltage controller application for transformer tap changer:

Objective:

To regulate the output voltage of a transformer dynamically by adjusting the primary or secondary
voltage using solid-state devices instead of traditional mechanical tap changers.

How It Works:

1. Traditional OLTC (On-Load Tap Changer) uses mechanical switches to change the tap position
on the transformer winding to maintain constant output voltage.

• These are bulky, have moving parts, and generate electrical arcs.

2. Solid-State Tap Changer using AC Voltage Controller:

• Uses thyristors or TRIACs in each phase to control the phase angle of the input
voltage.
• By adjusting the firing angle, the effective RMS voltage applied to transformer
windings is varied.
• Provides fast, arc-free, and maintenance-free operation.

Benefits:

• No mechanical wear and tear


• Fast switching and voltage regulation
• Improved system reliability
• No arcing, quieter operation
• Suitable for automated voltage control

Typical Setup:

• Input: Three-phase supply connected to a voltage controller (thyristor-based).


• Controller: Modulates voltage delivered to the transformer tap winding.
• Transformer: Receives a controlled input, adjusting its output accordingly.
• Feedback system: Measures output voltage and adjusts controller firing angles.
Three phase AC voltage controller application for induction motor soft starter:

To smoothly start a three-phase induction motor by gradually increasing voltage from zero to full
supply, avoiding abrupt torque and current surges.

How It Works:

1. At Start:
o The controller reduces the voltage applied to the stator windings using phase angle
control (by delaying the firing of thyristors in each phase).
o Lower voltage = lower starting torque and current.
2. During Acceleration:
o The controller gradually decreases the firing angle, increasing the RMS voltage supplied
to the motor.
o This allows the motor to accelerate smoothly.

3. At Full Speed:
o The controller bypasses the thyristors (via contactor or relay), connecting the motor
directly to the full supply.
o This avoids continuous conduction losses in the thyristors.

Benefits:

• Reduces starting current (typically 2–3× rated instead of 6–8×)


• Minimizes voltage dips in the supply system
• Extends motor life by reducing thermal and mechanical stress
• Smooth acceleration of driven machinery (like pumps, fans, conveyors)

Typical Use Cases:

• Fans & Blowers (to avoid sudden airflow surges)


• Pumps (to prevent water hammer)
• Conveyors (to reduce jerks and material spills)
• Centrifugal Machines (to protect mechanical couplings)

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy