Power System-I Experiment No: 9 Title: Unsymmetrical fault analysis. Roll No:___ —Bateh:___ Date of Performance:__/__/____ -_/_S___- Date of Assessment: Attendance (05) Performance (05) Understanding (05) Journal (05) Total (20) Signature of Staff Member Department of Electrical Engineering, ZES's ZCOER, Pune-411041 PagelPower System-IL Class/Branch: T.E.Electrical Experiment No: 9 Title: Unsymmetrical fault analysis. Aim: Simulation of unsymmetrical Fault of single machine connected to infinite bus. Prerequisites: «Per unit system. Symmetrical Component theory Objectivi To understand power system under unsymmetrical fault condition. Theory: Unsymmetrical Faults: > Phase to phase (L-L) > phase to ground (L-G) > Two phase to ground (L-L-G) > open circuited phases: unbalance of currents. > Winding faults The most common type of fault on a 3 phase system by For is the single line to ground (SLG) Followed by the line to line to line Faults (L-L), double ground (L-L- G) faults, and balanced 3 phase Faults. Fault analysis - Goal of Fault analysis is to determine the magnitude of the Current present during the Fault. There is need to determine the maximum current to ensure devices can service the fault the circuit breakers need to interrupt to correctly size the CB's except for the balanced 3-phase Faults. Fault result in an unbalanced system. The easiest method analyze unbalanced system operation due to fault is through the symmetrical Components. Symmetrical Component Analysis Symmetrical Component Analysis is a mathematical method used in power system analysis to simplify unbalanced three-phase systems. It was introduced by Charles L. Fortescue in 1918 and is widely used for fault analysis, unbalanced load conditions, and power system protection. Fortescue’s Theorem : "Any set of three unbalanced phasors can be expressed as the sum of three balanced systems of phasors, namely: the positive sequence, negative sequence, and zero Department of Electrical Engineering ZES's ZCOER, Pune-411041 Page2Power Syster sequence components." Symmetrical Components 1. Positive Sequence Components : © Three-phase phasors are equal in magnitude and have a phase difference of 120°, maintaining the same sequence as the original system (A > BC). 2. Negative Sequence Components : © Similar to positive sequence components but with the opposite phase rotation (A> CB). 3. Zero Sequence Components : © Three-phase phasors have equal magnitudes and are in phase (zero phase difference). Mathematical Representation For an unbalanced three-phase system with voltages Va, Vb, Ve , the symmetrical components are defined as: 1 2 Vi = 3 (Va + aVe + a°Ve) 1 pSeerasiees Va = 3 (Va + a°V, + aVe) Vo~ Fat 4) Where"a” is a unit phasor operator. Apparatus: MATLAB Simulink Software. Procedure: 1. Build the circuit in MATLAB and simulate. 2. Observe fault voltage and fault Current on the scope. Conclusion: Department of Electrical Engineering, ZES's ZCOER, Pune-411041 Page3Power System-IL Class/Branch: T.E.Electrical Questions: 1. What is meaning of unsymmetrical fault? Which fault most severe fault in power system& which fault most occurring fault? 2. Write down equation of phase voltage in terms of symmetrical components. 3, Write down equation of symmetrical components of current in forms of phase current. 4, Draw the sequence network for L-L fault. 5. Draw the sequence network for L-G fault. 6. Draw the sequence network for L- L-G fault. Department of Electrical Engineering, ZES's ZCOER, Pune-411041 Paget