Scribd
Upload
9 views

Farming System

The document discusses the farming system approach as a strategy for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the integration of various agricultural enterprises to improve productivity and income for small and marginal farmers. It highlights the importance of understanding existing farming systems, assessing resources, and implementing improved technologies to address challenges faced by farmers. The document also categorizes different types of farming systems, including subsistence, commercial, intensive, and extensive farming, and underscores the need for a holistic approach to achieve sustainable agricultural practices.

Uploaded by

rp2004pra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
9 views

Farming System

The document discusses the farming system approach as a strategy for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing the integration of various agricultural enterprises to improve productivity and income for small and marginal farmers. It highlights the importance of understanding existing farming systems, assessing resources, and implementing improved technologies to address challenges faced by farmers. The document also categorizes different types of farming systems, including subsistence, commercial, intensive, and extensive farming, and underscores the need for a holistic approach to achieve sustainable agricultural practices.

Uploaded by

rp2004pra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13
system es toan Baca combination ae and “cultural practices followed. A farming | “system | ae that have broadly similar resource base: hich similar development R eS ee FARMING SYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 9.4.1, SCOPE, IMPORTANCE AND conceals PE ccc: livestock, poultry, fish sericulture et. ee or more erterrses wih cropping when caeflly chosen, planned and exeeuied elves GA Givens than ingle enterprise, expel fr small and marginal timers, sn 0 to be considered and planned for effective integration ofthe enterprises £9 production scivty. Scope of Farming System wi oe Tho need fo farming system approach nthe present scenario is mainly due fo igh at farm inputs, Nuctution in the market price of farm procuce, risk in erop harvest due to él ad ey, ‘azar and ba nts none Saon,cepiton n si ty and abl ne te fr son of holdings and low standard of living ad to the Farming enterprises include crop, tinstable income of the farmer, fagmer intensity of the problem, Farming system approach is an approsch for developing farm-houschold system, built on the principles of productivity, profitability, sability and sustainability. All the components are complimentary and supplementary to each other, The development process involves participation of mural communities, Farming system approach emphasises understanding of farm household, community interlinkages, reviews constraints and assesses potentials, t combines improvements desired from better technology. It needs efficient support services and requires better policies. It is continuous, dynamic and interactive Ieaming process based on analysis, planning, testing, ‘monitoring and evaluation. Farming system approach is necessary + To develop farm-house hold system and rural communities on a sustainable bass, 1+ To improve efffcleney in farm production + To raise farm and family inéome, ‘© To increase welfare of farm families and satisfy basic needs For meaningful execution of integrated farm enterprises, the following activities should be undertaken by a mult-disciplinry team of extension professionals with farmer’s partieipation and involvement at all stages: 1. Thorough understanding of existing farming systems and their components. 2. Assessment of resouice availability in the farm environment and identification of bio- physical, socio-economic, institutional, administrative and technological constraints. Developraent of economically viable and efficient integrated farming system suitable for various domains, 4, Difluson of improved technology and receiving ‘feed back® for further improvement of the system as a whole, Continuous improvement in components technology to fit info a given farming system, 6. Improvement in quality of farming system, Rescarch-extension linkage through on-farm adaptive research, 8, Devefopment of national and international linkages Importance of Farming System system is the result of complex tions amo dependent enterprises/components, where an individual @ number of inter farmer allocates certain quantities and a PuNcIPLES oF AcnoNo3y 28 ey : gement tp which Be qualities of four factors of production, namely land, labour, eapital and mena i has access 1 resource management Farming system approach ss owe tool for tal and hums FSO DNR i ef 09 in developing counties such a Indi. Its « multidiscipline wo OE ae effectively employed in sovng the problems of smal and marginal fares, The SPP stineresing employmentand income fom smallholdings by integrate vous SUD CTE tnd reyelng op rerdes ad tyros win the fru. a vew of he CE copia svat of lod fom 05 a in {98051 to O13 ha by the im af he Co SO preted fires detine tis than OE by 2020, is imperative to devel SENET ‘eriulical technologist enable adequate employment and income generation, ese sonal and marginal farmers who constiues more dn 80 per cent of the farming commun Under he ada sen of nhl, era tinted sed I like fishery, poly, duckery, par, eld and hott crops ete wii the bie-plysial nd socio-economie ay arte esa farming more profitable and doen sil fe eters is ely to be abe to sustain he sal and sural fees «sorting to integrated farming system (FS) forthe gexeration of adegut income and ESSN) employment ye round, Farming system approach, there is a vaubl approach 9 200s robles of astainable ecnenie growth or fring communes in Ind The best sim oF 1° isto derive set of resource development and utilisation practices, which lead fo subst sustained increase in agricultural production The farming system vill need to si + Mininise soit disurbance by mininising mechanical lage in order to mista soil organic mater, soil stucture and overall sit heath Enhance and mainiain « protective organic cover on the soll surface, using, crops, cover crops oF crop residues, in order to protect the soil surface, conserve water and mutrients, Promote soil biological activity and contribute to integrated weed and pest management, + Cultivate @ wider range of plant species—both annuals and perennials —in associations, sequences and rotations that can include trees, shrubs, pastures end crops, in order to ‘enhance crop nutrition and improve system resilience. Concept of Farming System ‘The newly developed concept of integrated farming is a synthesis of our age-old traditional Jnowledge and modem scientific techniques. Early in our civilization, the source of food was mainly through collection or hunting collection or hunting, As scope started ele down a communis in vilags, ty el the ned fora more stble fod, inspcaton for our ancestors was natal production system — pastures and foreste Tg covitd the natural prodcion system as ty sted roving food instead of huting sal fathering. Such avicutural system had the diversity alike any natural system, Such ¢ setup was ‘eit contaned and sele-suficient i it did not require any input from outide the tae or village areloped re bode aectuth fed the fay. Slowly, through the ages, te Fame developed a rich body of knowledge about how to produce Leeming aes e ‘0 produce while in tune with nature and without But was go! challeng Taaditio Investig agricult Al problems farmlany tothe g range © commit from ne wh organic food the that hay revoluti is lost « sm 0 grow toby Sol) isnot ar Most of that the name 0} TURE 29 Bu our traditional technologies did not produce enough. Way back to 1960s, our country Nas eine through food crisis. As we could no longer expand our arable lands much, the hallenge was to increase the productivity of our farmlands to feed the fast growing population Tidltonaaeriulure fled to meet the food needs and there was a necessity for new tectinologis, [vestigations revealed thatthe low productivity was due to low external Input traditional agriculture. A igh external input based agricultural system was pushed ahesd to salve the problem, The era of green revolution began. Green revolution hiked the productivity of our farmlands many fold. Countries fod stores swelled oer the next few decades, But what happened vente Eteen revolution? There ae spain serious cries in our food production today. A whole {ansE Of problems suddenly plunge our agriculture, Productivitis are falling. Farmers ate coinmiting suicides. The countrie’s population continues to prow as before, There are serious Eeuatms al over again today whether we shall be able (0 feed our teeming millians in a decade FARMING SYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE AGRI ‘What has gone wrong? Rampant ute of chemical etlisers had led to the steady decine of Heiner aiet in soll andthe soil has lost its “life", Our natural ecorystem ate poisoned —the trata We cats poisoned and every day there re newer pest and pathogens inoue op fds that have grown resistance to pests and pathogens, Our groundwater store is detining fast Gross mers to trp the aquifar for crop production, Our rich erop diversity cultivars that now sway in our fmmlands, i. Market dictate them today about what inthe market to get some cash in hand revolution prompted our fa is Tost due to few high yiel Small and marginal farmers today are at thei wi to grow and when not to eat, what they grow but s to by food from the market. “elation to whole range of problems that has surfaced after four decades of green revolution Maat 27 Gas one. Thee is no short ut Several solutions have been suggested inthe recent pest. thar teat ave one thing in commen. Most ofthese, centered on onganic path Mest agged thatthe new path should be a sustinable one. Sussinable solutos have been proposed kc name of + Natural farming. © Organic farming + Regenerative agriculture ‘+ Low extemal input sustainable agriculture, ‘+ Permaculture, + Peological agriculture Integrated agriculture etc ~ Some said thatthe traditional agriculture is the answer ~ Some said that replacement of inorganic inputs with organies will do ~ Some sai, Jt us reduce chemical inpus and also apply some organic inputs too because just the organie inputs alone cannot give enough productivity Others suagested structural and Functional integration of farming components as road fo susta 7 FARMING £ a of 9.1.2. TYP! ‘The Concept van opus Depending <0 BS OPES | Many farms erm i a system in that it has inputs, processes ipmoot of inputs eT cree noe), type and ane ‘bulk of the marginal produc one iain emcees 9 St for EIS MAN | ed at fe a ge though arable farming 9158 gar, Ssh ae sa rier actives such a8 dairying, pouly, se . en fermen Oretance a sopplerenig ter farm ineome. si he man objective ia ai ; thout impairing the quality of environment 6 1 process I aanacha Uilstion of inputs witost inp ig cabs the ferming system approach. Therefore, it ri owe canal fal a of production is the obj 1 overall obje og with allied enterpies cae susan of pro ee ner ng corned ince 10 s meopomally viable frving system mode UY scat empl? —s tnd econ rr a view 10 5 ‘Ante i e for gt aie, Billy and cous teas ee from the fem. intensification in situation 1 relates to increasing ¢F0P ean ‘Time and space concept: Tine concept rl ea i where there is no consraint for inputs ceing te intensity of OPPINE:the gona are fo ea re enn ponstiy orn 88 MOTT rangediN tt | ied wt sl uae acest au pled. Ineo ET SOT alymoiing | gry eo aa bing two or more crop With varying Heid duration» ‘animals. te panting method «or she marginal farmers Organic ¢ 4 for bulk of the through arable cropping alone issue te ae eavionmenta Income through arable cropping sone STC 5 production, eible muS@m | emia ab Actives such as dary, poultry, Dish enfture, souls 977 tance in SUppleMEnIlgg | are not used. fr ame ld Gl wih fh TET probe f ese el J Tpoducts,tntgeated farsuing system is onl ie tke fa bro ne re and fee iprveg be cen of small Sal On the Timid esouces in india sue es i jonents that are inter-related, plantation £ Farming system conceptual is 2 set of elements oF comp i them z ‘At the center of the interaction is the farmer exercising control Subsist wich hemacves, tthe i a free of inicio. Incone om ezoping slots Omiseal | Theis na nd marginal fom ss cae ie famere’ family. A judicious mix of anyese | farmers on a nes wid ngonomsic crops shold complement the fam income ssl | of femning sree ieyeling the farm residesvastes. Selection of exerprises must be based on te al ao cis of minimising be competion and maximising the complementary BEES | oduce jn the elepises. OF ats, the rs inary approach greatly realised al Eheicat fy vretcd developing the various faming system modes in accordance with the agro-ecosy™ | nctade foc ‘ : Extens Farming system is a problem solving approach for the farmer. It requires Comal) sash Drang free em er Si po Ii pation ae up planing. I reqies on-farm tials. depends on the concept learning by doing and famieg | Ini system approach needs socially desirable technologies, en ee Tntens cept of faring system approach canbe su a ee aoe ear : ipprosch : surumarised as itis holistic approuch | in India @) 7 treated of components, matrix of sols plans, animals, power imiplemea Iabour, capital and other inputs, influenced by political i nS Plant, Polat, economic, institutional and social S| Examples _43°C in peak summer and sub-zero in winter and high summer winds (30 km he!) during summer are perpetual climatic problems for agriculture which determine the farming sytem. Crop growing periods vary from 7 to 14 weeks depending upon location and type of sei. Average incoming solar ration varies from 22.05 MY m2 during Apri May to 14.7 MY min January and the regions experience drought of varying intensity snd duration, Science and Technology Appropriate technology for different sgrocimatic conditions and loeal needs ofthe people telps determine the farming system of a region Investment in agricul science and echnoleay has expanded rapidly during the last 4-5 decades. During this period, major technical ead insttutiena reforms have occured, which ave shaped the pattem of technological developme and dissemination, Research-riven growth in developing countries has largely been a eealt of the teen revolution, which has resuled in considerable advance inthe field of foodgrsin ‘Production, wit the suppert of policy and oer aspects. Resestch has been focused, principally §pon Intensfying crop and livestock production, There hasbeen much Iss research on inerated technologies for diversifying the livelihoods of mall fers in developing comnts an increasing the sustainability of land ae, Trade Liberalisation and Market Development Markcing and processing are the wo basic prevequistes for promoting IFS under given agro-ccological conditions, Once the matke for alternative produce fom IFS is assure, faemere act motivated to diversify their farming systems, Key role in ariultre diversification. Asa result of rection of impediments to internat! trade and invesent, the process of trade liberalisation is already generating changes in the Sucre of production a al eel ineuingsmalolc“aming systems in many devcoping counties. No only the make development accelerating, but patterns of production and napa resources usge are also changing profoundly in response o market forces. Availailly of nen Brodution, post-harvest and transport technologies will aso change demand pattems by akong Drssible the delivery of new products or established prodets in new forms to marke, ahs they have been previously unatsinable, Wit the World Trade Act coming in w foe na agriculture is more exposed to the global market than ever before Similarly, the rural marketing system plays « th coat riivcnblins OF AGRONOMY a4 Policies Policy frameworks of 20ve processing and providing incentives Development of Moreover, the establishment of have increasingly shied theit detveey through resractring 0 i fhrming systems. Poles on land ownersbiD WH fave aprat bearing onthe types of farming Sse roeds efficient energy manages n, storage facilites, diversification. sand the Public Good are ce fore inmsese po ii oe onagam environment which is concacive, ri oh ecm Pe ta nines a I tn) of he poten jncentives have a Crewe fest o con eet wd axatiO Teo a alia, synamie Farming sytem 5 far-r sutenton 10 t 5 instiatons. Pre yer mane ina region 1 tase 09 i ery-ducker 1d enhanced human J, national an inte io ay Timing factor to smaller 0 jon, that i the Bridging ofthe tural growth of these smal) sation (large seale Der tits) ses xnowlede 00 tHe Dat of frm eet Igo increased, a8 production capital has al pial Npterpational market sYstems Information and Human Ca Evolution of» farming system of ingrated ntensiiation (vice isb ‘peraors, Need fr better information a Syotems have become moro integrated with repos cee ap edveation, information ad trsning is fequeney 8 00 evelopment Many observers anscgte tht a0 information loan Man nl amc wb fe} © SEY att aol edged SEP fm 1 ng oe cM a cram ffl ml apt roi sn cnn UOTE aa tio a tartan end ad xeon eo a Of appa reac enero o eliminting ral hung Sad PN Indigenous Technological Knowledge Tndigenons techacal knowledge (ITK) is tat which people in a Biven communi Me develope overtime ad contin 0 develop, Tis based on expedience, often tested over lag serots of we, adapt focal cult and environment, dynamic and changing and lays emphasis aevminmising rise rather than maximising profs. It covers a wide spectrum: soil, wales and tutrient management, paste and fodder management, crop cultivation, plant protection, fam tauipmec, farm power, post-harvest preservation and management, agro-forestry, Bio-divesty ‘conservation and also exploitation, animal rearing and health care, animal produets preserva increasing special + and management, fisheries and fsh preservation and ethnic foods and homestead managemest “Thus the indigenoss echnical knowledge of «fame has a great influence in managing the fam Tring se Dwng te fl fie 208 come) whe tere ll exe are of nll ces, niga know: dominated the fang and agricultural ouput grew les thn 0.1 per cent per annum and that too was primal: accoupt 0 systematic expansion of labour and land a (4,4, FARMING SYSTEM COMPONENTS Under the All India Coordinated Projet on 1S; gna housebolis in lb eee rvpa nosis te omy ret ee 30 dais 20 5 farming systens wih as many a components and crop-ir systems mere praticed by around 1g farming systems in 12 is cts in 20 states reveled the existence al Ou ofthe sample surveyed, exopties et cent of marginal farmers followed by predomi system. based, 9 growing Liveste For been the and hous 1 landle Poultry Rea livelihoe a pivota NoMY cilities, nakers alia, stem nit) farm ction dlder Che ‘mall the the able ong and sty at 28 FARSHING SYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, 635 aoe (toes Rs Say prem er Grop Production Every farmer coneentrates on crop production to feed the family. In Indi ; ‘predominantly grown in most ideal season and thus & particular food crop is basic the cropping system, Accordingly, cropping systems are roferred to as: rice-based, sorghum-based, pearimillet- based, wheat-based, groundnucbased, sugarcane-based, vegetable-based etc. The practice of rowing different erops of varying heights ancl duration is alled multistored/multitire cropping. Livestock (Milk and Draught Animals) For centuries, farmers of India are growing crops and livestock together and livestock has been the integral part of the system, Apart feom costributing to food basket, nutritional security tnd household income ofthe farmers, this system plays a significant role in generating employment to landless, small and marginal farmers and farm women. Poultry Reating poultry in a backyard system is an age old practice. Backyard poultry is a means of livelihood for a fairly large numberof small and marginal farmers in India, Pouliy in IFS plays pivotal role in fulfilling the ever increasing demand for meat and eggs in the country Apiculture This isthe science and culture ofhoneybees and their management. It requires low investment and so it can be takea up by small, marginal and landless farmers and the educated unemployed youth, The honey bee species pis cerana indica and A mellifera are very commonly used in India to the economic benefit of small and marginal farmers, Sericulture This is defined asthe practice of combining mulberry cultivation, silkworm rearing and silk reeling, India occupies second position among sitk producing countries in the world, next to Cina. Seriultue is labor intensive in ll its phases, including offfarm activities suchas twisting, dyeing, weaving, and printing, It has considerable socio-economic importance in India largely die tots suitability for small and marginal far-holdings by generating employment and requiring low investment. food erop is Mushroom Cultivation One ofthe imporant areas for wing ago-vade fo enhanc income and npr a higher evel of sustainabity tthe system i mshtoom eulveion, I laian stunts eee censiere an import component a arming syatems Ovi Yearsound employe and icone generation pleat foldngs Aquaculture This is considered as very promising and stable component of famine syste belt of India and in other Asian countries such i . 8 0 its need fr less space, better ‘and suitability for small and marginal im the coastal 4s Bangladesh, Vietnam, China, Indonesia and Ee pees ono unnay and emer nent Catorie ind pore snail od ee aioe | ale vain ass i os I ere ye ge He ana ees cana al iw ea | Agroforestry Jivelihood security and reduces vulnerability Compleme satan we option at nas | ‘This provost x livelineinning commission report Greening product ier a ane en i | gimne tetcve em al lane rest. Amore isa | # Componeh Indi 33 er oof farang fe hat iS scat rome apace osaely | « Crop ct yaeahte SOO, jon, nutrient cycling, microclimate | se ac eee orl FO ee cena moran ues HOT f a ae ion soe corns ae Es oct hep retro, PHBE, peng | ake ter, ws 4, Double et | gus TeRMs USED IN CROPPING SYSTEMS ; i | eae is ome eT a ceopping, 289 00M ee fa | yee oe wnt ee ct as ee | ‘agreement on the terms used if cropping systems. The first ‘organised attempt t° provide guidelines aa ES ere of el Oo ca Tile fot | Sees ee emma ieee | ie re an Soy ot pars a Kasia slot | as. Intererop ca | coping spt and Pater ay Ta oun ese oo me we enV OO gy npr m 2 tte the yea sequence ad ae cred Mixed et are two different concepts, While © frengement of ops oF of cops an interaction with resources, r enecin a particular Iand area, cropping system refers technology, environment ef, withe cps) pet org airs teed on a farm and. ther interaction with fam) Me resources anc enterprises and available technology whic termine, ae pes > crop production systems aft is 4 Agro-ecology: The study of the relation of see i the same nit of land simultaneously onlseauaiSai eA i ‘Alley cropping: A far | S| ‘or shrubs, established main Sa ee ead enhance soil productivity | int ‘and for shelter 2 AGRONON, (enention of| soe alow vulnerability v7 Greening Dresty is g rohit Piggery, ing ete, complete tuldelines niultipte bowville, Kassam = these | spatial 1 refers i for the ‘oping e and abour, farm It is n of yon vi FARMING SYSTEM AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 637 Cate Indes: A Single productviy index which incorporates care equivilets proce by all the crops Competition index = Competition of iieropped specin fr light nutrients, water, carbon Aioxide. and other growth factors. Complementary efiec : Eifit of one component on another which eahance growth and Predictivity, as compared to competition, J Eimponent crops nvidia! cop species which ae a pr ofthe malipeerpping systems. * Crop ctaton Repetitive cultivation of an ordre succession of crops (or crops and flow) onthe samme lad. One eyele often takes several years to complete * Cropping index: The number of cops srown pt annum ona given area of land ‘multiplied by hundred. + Double cropping: Also known a sequential cropping isthe pnetice of planting a second crop fitd ene ye Nee the harvest ofa fst crop, thus hanesing to cone onc ree and cage eet This sa cae of mule cropping, which reqs secre we enough aid SOs that mature quickly enough 1 allow two harvest in one yen » Reofarning It is th potetal for introducing mutually cinfocing ecological approaches to te yee ution Ut sins atte maintenance of sei chemically, Hooghly att Physically dane arate weuld do tf alone “Feed the sol no! he pant" de eee an slogan of ecological farming Intecrapping : I reters to groving of two or mor, general, dsimilr crops sc Same Pies of land. Usally, the bas erop is prownin a diate Je cweommended optimum past popu of the hae cop is ae appropriate aditional plant density of thc assoviat im bath time and space dimensions Mise

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy