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    CNHG Pests of Native California Conifers

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    University of California Press
    This guide synthesizes the most current information available on the pests and environmental conditions that can damage California's conifers, the vast majority of native trees in the state. Authoritative and easy-to-use, it is an essential reference for biologists, arborists, ecologists, foresters and everyone who needs up-to-date information on conifer pests in one convenient manual. o Species accounts cover life cycles, habits, distribution, and significance of each pest and discuss valuable options for reducing or avoiding damage o 111 clear color photographs show damage caused by 80 insects, diseases, fungi, parasitic plants, animals, and other destructive agents o The only guide to include information on environmental factors such as air pollution, salt, and frost as well as biological agents o Appendices list pests and diseases by tree species and by part of the tree affected

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    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CNHG Pests of Native California Conifers

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    University of California Press
    129 views3 pages
    This guide synthesizes the most current information available on the pests and environmental conditions that can damage California's conifers, the vast majority of native trees in the state. Authoritative and easy-to-use, it is an essential reference for biologists, arborists, ecologists, foresters and everyone who needs up-to-date information on conifer pests in one convenient manual. o Species accounts cover life cycles, habits, distribution, and significance of each pest and discuss valuable options for reducing or avoiding damage o 111 clear color photographs show damage caused by 80 insects, diseases, fungi, parasitic plants, animals, and other destructive agents o The only guide to include information on environmental factors such as air pollution, salt, and frost as well as biological agents o Appendices list pests and diseases by tree species and by part of the tree affected

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    This guide synthesizes the most current information available on the pests and environmental conditions that can damage California's conifers, the vast majority of native trees in the state. Authoritative and easy-to-use, it is an essential reference for biologists, arborists, ecologists, foresters and everyone who needs up-to-date information on conifer pests in one convenient manual. o Species accounts cover life cycles, habits, distribution, and significance of each pest and discuss valuable options for reducing or avoiding damage o 111 clear color photographs show damage caused by 80 insects, diseases, fungi, parasitic plants, animals, and other destructive agents o The only guide to include information on environmental factors such as air pollution, salt, and frost as well as biological agents o Appendices list pests and diseases by tree species and by part of the tree affected

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    129 views3 pages

    CNHG Pests of Native California Conifers

    Uploaded by

    University of California Press
    This guide synthesizes the most current information available on the pests and environmental conditions that can damage California's conifers, the vast majority of native trees in the state. Authoritative and easy-to-use, it is an essential reference for biologists, arborists, ecologists, foresters and everyone who needs up-to-date information on conifer pests in one convenient manual. o Species accounts cover life cycles, habits, distribution, and significance of each pest and discuss valuable options for reducing or avoiding damage o 111 clear color photographs show damage caused by 80 insects, diseases, fungi, parasitic plants, animals, and other destructive agents o The only guide to include information on environmental factors such as air pollution, salt, and frost as well as biological agents o Appendices list pests and diseases by tree species and by part of the tree affected

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    © by the Regents of the University of California.
    Not to be reproduced without publisher’s written permission.
    DIAGNOSING PEST-DAMAGED
    TREES: SEVEN BASIC STEPS

    Diagnosis of tree health problems involves identifying the cause


    from the symptoms (expressions of damage to the tree), signs
    (evidence of the cause), and patterns of occurrence. Each of these
    provides clues that can be useful in making a diagnosis. The fol-
    lowing sequence of investigative steps may assist in diagnosing a
    tree health problem.

    1. Locate the damage. Determine the part of the tree that is ac-
    tually affected. Note, for example, whether the impact is on
    one-year-old needles, scattered branches, or the entire tree
    crown; is the damage limited to the lower or upper part of
    the crown, or one side of the crown?
    2. Identify the species. Note what species are affected and
    whether some individuals are less affected than others.
    Check the condition of adjacent trees.
    3. Observe the pattern of occurrence. Is the problem more
    severe in some areas than others, and are there differences
    between these areas? Are the problems limited to a particu-
    lar environmental zone or related to a particular cultural
    activity? For example, some diseases are more prevalent
    along stream courses or lake shores.
    4. Look for obvious causes. These include damage by large or
    small animals, frost, lightning, injuries, fire, and so on.
    5. Look for the presence of fungi, insects, or parasites, such as
    mistletoes. Try to determine whether the organisms found
    are the main cause of the problem or just secondary. For
    example, insects will frequently infest trees that are weak-
    ened by disease. Trees can be affected by insects and
    pathogens over a long period of time before they succumb to
    one of these biological agents.

    DIAGNOSING PEST-DAMAGED TREES 1


    6. Examine the roots. If the whole tree is dead or exhibits
    symptoms (e.g., yellowing of needles), and nothing is found
    above the ground to indicate a cause, expose the roots and
    root crown for examination. Also, a small patch of bark can
    be removed to observe the condition of the phloem and
    sapwood.
    7. Determine when the problem was first noticed in the area. In-
    quire about cultural practices in the area, such as the use of
    herbicides, fertilizers, irrigation, road salting, and so on.
    Also determine whether there have been recent, unusually
    severe weather conditions.

    With some or all of the above information, it should be possi-


    ble to make a preliminary determination of the cause of the
    health problem of a tree. If this is not possible, there are a number
    of people who can be contacted for help. These experts include
    the local County Agriculture Commissioner’s office, the Univer-
    sity of California Cooperative Extension, the California Depart-
    ment of Forestry and Fire Protection, and the USDA Forest
    Service’s Forest Pest Management office.
    Be prepared to list your observations, and try to provide pho-
    tographs and samples for observation and analysis.

    2 DIAGNOSING PEST-DAMAGED TREES

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