PUBLIC

ADMINISTRATION PAST
PAPER ANALYSIS
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CHAPTER 1
Public Administration: Concepts, Approaches and Context
Discuss why it may be in the best interest of both the public and government for
administrators to have public administration background rather than having degree
in the area of economics, political science, or business studies? (2018)
1. Definitions; Role and Scope of Public Administration in Society
Describe the characteristic features of Public Administration and highlight the
strengths and weaknesses of governmental machinery in Pakistan. (2000)
Public Administration is detailed and systematic application of law. Every particular
application of law is an act of administration. (Woodrow Wilson) Discuss the scope
of public administration in the light of above statement. (2004)
In a democratic state, government is said to be the WILL of the people in action.
This concept has widened the scope of Public Administration. What should be the
new role of public administrator, as per expectations of the people. (2005)
Discuss the general problems comprising the elements of public administration in
details. (2007)
It is said ‘Public Administration is nothing less than the whole government in action'.
What is your view about the nature of public administration? (2008)
Write a short essay on the intellectual history of Public Administration. (2009)
Define Public Administration. Explain and justify your definition in comparison
with various other competing definitions of Public Administration. Do you think
Public Administration is different from business administration both in theory and
practice? (2010)
Define public administration and discuss the commonalities and differences between
public and private administration. (2015)
Public Administration refers to the implementation of public policy. Discuss in
detail. (2011)
Role of public administration in modern welfare state. (2013) (short note)
Define Public Administration and discuss its nature and scope. Critically examine
the challenges of Public Administration in the 21st Century with reference to
Pakistan. (2014)
Write short notes on any TWO topics: (a) Woodrow Wilson's contribution to Public
Administration (2014)
Write short note on: Woodrow Wilson’s contribution to Public Administration
(2022)
2. Issues in Public Administration Theory and Practice: Democracy versus
Bureaucracy, Politics versus Administration, Efficiency versus Equity
Politics – Administration Dichotomy (2001) (short note)
Discuss three major issues in public administration theory and practice. State clearly
your position on these issues and support your viewpoint with examples. (2003)
In democracy, political neutrality of civil servants is only a normative value. They
have to endorse and follow the policies of the ruling party as they cannot afford to
act otherwise. Discuss and suggest remedies. (2005)
It has been said that "Administration is the most obvious part of government; it is
government in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of the
government and is of course as old as government itself." Discuss the above
statement in light of the theory and practice of Public Administration. (2006)
Bureaucracy and Democracy are antithetical. Bureaucracy is hierarchical, elitist,
specializing and informed while democracy is communal, pluralist, generalizing and
ill informed. Keeping in mind the quantum of expectations in Pakistan and the reality
of the civic culture discuss the above statement. (2009) (2020) (2022)
It is easier to make a constitution than to run it. Discuss in the light of Politics
Administration dichotomy. (2016)
Define Public Administration. Discuss the relationship between politics and Public
Administration. (2019)
Q2. To a large extent, contemporary concept of political neutrality grew out of 19th
century civil service reforms. How do you look at these reforms in the following
statements in relations with Pakistan?
a. Public Sector employees should not use their position to advance the general
political goals.
b. Public Administration is not a politically neutral managerial setup, rather be
considered in terms of political choices. (2024)
Q8. Politicization of the bureaucracies is a common thread that runs through all the
civil services especially in South Asia. Hence, the civil servants face difficult
situations. Under this kind of situation, answer the following questions:
a. What lessons one can learn from the public administration of Western World as
applicable in countries like Pakistan?
b. What strategy, would you suggest for Pakistan to keep public administration clean
of Politicization? (2024)
3. Core Values of Public Administration: Rule of Law, Efficiency, Equity
and Fairness, Responsiveness
Public Administration is a broad ranging and amorphous mix of theory and practice.
The purpose of Public Administration is to frame a superior understanding of
government and its relationship with the society it governs, as well as to promote
public policies responsive to social needs. Public Administration also institutes
managerial practices attuned to effectiveness, efficiencies, and a deeper human
requisite of the citizenry. Discuss. (2009)
4. Traditional Public Administration
5. New Public Management
Compare & Contrast the Bureaucratic model with New Public Management (NPM).
Do you think NPM has replaced the bureaucratic approach to Public Administration?
Support your views with examples from Pakistan. (2010)
New Public Management Concept (2011) (short note)
Explain the basic theme and theoretical bases of the 'New Public Management'. What
are the different mechanisms that have used in pursuing NPM goals by the
governments in different parts of the world, especially in Pakistan? (2012)
Compare and Contrast the Bureaucratic Model with New Public Management
(NPM). Do you think NPM is relevant to developing countries like Pakistan?
Support your argument with key indicators. (2020)
Q7. New Public Management has been hailed as the dominant paradigm for public
service (20) in the last two decades. In your opinion, how viable is NPM for
developing countries taking into account the distinct and complex environment of
public sector organizations in such countries? (2023)
Q5. Describe the shift in the theory and practice of public administration from the
traditional Weberian model to neo liberal market-based model. (2023 CSS Special)
6. New Public Service
7. Governance Approach to Public Administration
Requirements for Good Governance (2000)
Devolution and Good Governance (2001) (short note)
Critically examine the role, of bureaucracy, in good governance in general and with
particular reference to Pakistan. (2001)
Define the notion of good governance. Discuss the scope and functions of public
administration within the framework of governance. (2001)
Discuss how good governance can be introduced in the Bureaucracy of Pakistan and
used as an instrument of rapid economic growth. (2002)
What is good governance? Explain the role of Public Administration in good
governance particularly with reference to Pakistan? (2010)
Explain the concept of Good Governance. How can good governance ensure
efficient and effective public service delivery at the grass roots level in Pakistan?
(2011)
Describe the basic elements of good Governance and evaluate the role of media and
civil society institutions in improving the performance of governance. (2015)
Write short note on: Governance challenges in Pakistan (2020)
Difference between Good Governance and E-Governance. (2022) (short note)
Q2. E-Governance is an effective tool for civic engagement as well as effective
service delivery. Discuss with reference to best practices around the world, with
particular reference to developing countries. (2023 CSS Special)
8. Islamic Concept of Public Administration
9. Historical roots of Public administration in Pakistan.
 CHAPTER 2

Discuss how an integrated approach to various schools of thought of management

can be applied, by the present-day administrators, for the success of their
organizations? (2002)
Define Normative and Empirical approaches of Public Administration, and their
implications to Pakistan’s administrative system. (2021)
1. Bureaucracy; Scientific Management;
Explain Max Weber's theory of bureaucracy. In your opinion, has bureaucracy
outlived its usefulness? Why or why not? (2001)
Scientific Management (2001) (short note)
Briefly explain the characteristics of bureaucracy as indicated by Max Weber.
Critically examine, whether these characteristics are relevant to modern times and
should be maintained? (2005)
Fredrick W Taylor is considered the originator of the scientific management
movement. Explain the principle of scientific management propounded by him.
(2006)
What is Bureaucracy? Why is it so important to the effective functioning of
organization? Explain in the light of Max Weber's theory of Bureaucracy. (2006)
Comparatively evaluate Taylor's scientific management & Weber's ideal
bureaucracy and discuss. (2010)
Discuss Max Weber's concept of Ideal Type of Bureaucracy. How does it differ from
the existing public bureaucracy in Pakistan? (2011)
Critically examine the Weberian model of bureaucracy. Do you think its
characteristics are still relevant to changing Public Administration and should be
maintained? (2012)
Describe Max Weber's ideal type of Bureaucracy and discuss its applications in the
Modern society. What are its dysfunctions and how these can be overcome to
enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the public sector of Pakistan? (2014)
Discuss the similarities and differences between the Weberian Bureaucratic model,
scientific management and the “principles” approach to studying public
organizations. Describe the basis of each theory and its impact on the development
of Public administration. Also, explain why critics contend these theories are not in
tune with the “practice” of Pakistan’s public administration. (2022)
Write short notes on any Four of the following: (a) Taylor's Scientific Management
(b) Elton Mayo's Hawthorn Experiments (2005)
Write short notes on any FOUR topics (c) F. Taylor's, Scientific Management
Theory (d) Theory-X & Theory-Y (2011)
Give a precise but comprehensive account of major schools of thoughts in
administration. Also compare and contrast Taylor’s Management and Human
Relations. (2012)
Write a comprehensive note on any TWO of the following: (a) Scientific
Management (b) Human Relation Approach (c) Theory X and Y of Motivation
(2018)
2. Human Relations Approach;
The Hawthorne studies played a significant role in changing the dominant view at
the time the employees were no different from any other machines that the
organization used. Discuss human relations movement with particular emphasis on
the Hawthorne studies? (2008)
Discuss “Hawthorne Effects”, undertaken by George Elton Mayo in the
development of Human Relations School of thought, and its subsequent implications
for the administrative behavior. (2021)
3. Motivational Theories / Behavioral Theories
Q2. Give a comprehensive account of Behavioral School of thought in
administration. How can it be made instrumental for good governance in Pakistan?
(2000)
Q3. Analyze McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Do you agree with the view that
with every passing year, McGregor's message has become more relevant and more
important? Substantiate your answer. (2012)
Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) ((b) Abraham Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs (2021)
Q7. Human Motivation plays a pivotal role in the harnessing of abilities of the
employees. Discuss the statement in the light of Douglas McGregor’s theory of
motivation. (2023 CSS Special)
Q6. Theories of public administration provide intellectual base for formulating
sound policies. In this context:
a. Enlist contemporary public administration theories. Explain two theories out of
those for their application in Pakistan.
b. How would you differentiate between Classical and New Public Administration
approach? Relate it to Pakistan's Public Sector. (2024)
4. Ecological Approach (not in this chapter)
Explain the meaning of Ecology. Suggest ecological changes which may improve
the performance of the bureaucracy of Pakistan. (2000)
Ecology of Bureaucracy (2013) (short note)
Discuss in detail the Prismatic-Sala model enunciated by Fred Riggs in order to
evaluate the under-developing society and its implications for public administration.
(2017)
Q3. According to Fred W. Riggs, what are the major features of the administration
of a Prismatic Society? Do these features exist in the administrative system of
Pakistan? Explain! (2023 CSS Special)
Q7. Writers on Public Administration in South Asian perspectiveopine that in
corridors of high power, politicians use civil servants to realize their political /
personal interests which in turn encourages nepotism and favouritism. Above in
view, comment on the following:
a. Politico-social structure of Pakistan and its and its influence on the bureaucratic
functioning of public administration mechanism.
b. Role of technology including e-administration like e-governance to make the
systems free of possible malpractices. (2024)
5. Leadership, Network Governance;
In any organization, motivation of employees is essential to enhance productivity
and for efficient achievement of the organizational goals. Explain the concept of
motivation giving reference to Weber's hierarchy of needs theory. (2011)
Discuss Herzberg's Two factor theory of motivation and examine its application in
the context of Public Administration in Pakistan. (2014)
Differentiate between the roles and functions of political and administrative
leadership. How can we reconcile the conflict between political and administrative
leadership? (2000)
Compare the Executive Leadership in Pakistan with its political leadership. How the
later can further be improved. (2002)
Elaborate these in detail. The administrative leadership needs three bases to securely
build up namely personal, political and institutional”. Do you agree with this
statement? Explain. (2004)
Management by Objectives (2005)
Discuss various styles of leadership? What style of leader you prefer? Justify your
preference? (2008)
Transactional & transformational leadership styles are suggested for political leader.
Which one is better for Pakistan and why? (2013)
Describe a situation in which each of the following types of leadership is appropriate:
(a) Authoritarian (b) Democratic (c) Benevolent Autocrat (d) Laissez- Faire (2014)
Leadership is a process and not a position. It is the ability to influence a group
towards the achievements of legitimate goals. Identify the three phases of the
development of leadership theories. Also mention some of the common traits,
qualities and skills of effective and exceptional public administrators. (2018)
Explain the similarities and differences between Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational
Theory and House of Path's Goal Theory. Which one do you think is appropriate for
contemporary situation of Pakistan and why? (2019)
Differentiate between the Authoritarian and Transformational Styles of Leadership.
(short note) (2021)
Q4. Contemporary perspectives on leadership suggest that leadership is not just the
responsibility of those in positions of authority but can and should be exercised
throughout the organization. Write an essay defending this suggestion. Can
individuals that are normally considered “followers” exercise leadership? Explain.
(2023)
 6. Strategic Management
Trace how the strategic management process has evolved. Also discuss the
opportunities and constraints on collaborative approaches to an effective strategy
development and its implementation. (2020)
Management by Objectives (MBO) (2021) (short note)
7. Public Choice Theory;
Public Choice Theory (2001) (short note)
8. Types of Organizational Structure
Discuss the functions and organizational structure of federal govt. of Pakistan
including administrative relations between federal ministries and federal bodies such
as commissions, authorities, boards & state- owned enterprises. (2010)
Discuss the functions and organizational structure of federal government of Pakistan
including administrative relations between federal ministries and federal bodies such
as commissions, authorities, boards, and State-owned enterprises. (2022)
9. Organization of Federal, Provincial, and Local Government in Pakistan;
Work is accomplished by the employees who have not yet reached their level of
incompetence. Explain in the light of structure and operation of hierarchies in
government. (2006)
The organization of Federal and Provincial government in Pakistan (2012) (short
note)
10.Administrative Culture of Pakistan;
Administrative Culture of Pakistan (2003) (short note)
11.Inter-governmental Relations at Federal and Provincial level in Pakistan.
Discuss and review the management of Fiscal and administrative relations between
the federal government and provincial governments in Pakistan. (2003)
Domestic public policy is implemented not merely by government but by
governments. The administration of a single public policy often involves a medley
of funding sources and public administrators interacting through all the three levels
of governments. Please comment on the strength of inter- government relations i.e.,
financial, legal. Political and administrative relationship that exist among the various
governments units of aid government in Pakistan. (2009)
Inter-Governmental relations at Federal and Provincial level in Pakistan. (2022)
(short note)
CHAPTER 3
1. Strategic Planning and Management;
2. Planning Process
Critically examine the planning process and machinery in Pakistan.
Planning process in Pakistan (2014) (short note)
3. Policy Analysis;
4. Policy Implementation
Public administration is an activist part of government. Systematic policy
formulation and implementation becomes a standard public administration function.
Discuss some of the common conditions/factors which are fatal to effective
implementation of public policy in a country like Pakistan. (2018)
Q8. (a) Planning is an important part of the policy process. Describe the various
types of planning and discuss the objectives of each type.
(b) Implementation is the action phase in which plans and policies are put into
operation. Discuss the techniques that can be utilized in the beginning stages of the
implementation process. (2023)
Q8. In what ways can interest groups influence the making and implementation of
public policy? Elucidate the statement with reference to Pakistan.
5. Program Evaluation
Public Administration in Pakistan has penetrated the economy and society to such
an extent it brings into question how well public policies work & how they can be
implemented better. In your answer focus on the following two major ways of
judging Policy Implementations. a) Policy Analysis the extent to which a policy
achieves its objectives b) Policy Evaluation whether implementation maximizes
appropriate values. (2016)
Q2. What are the different ways in which policies and programs can be evaluated?
Discuss the approaches and explain the distinctions in these approaches. (2023)
6. Planning Machinery
What is Public Policy? Explain the policy process and discuss various types of policy
with examples from Pakistan. (2003)
Planning Machinery in Pakistan. (2012) (short note)
7. Role of Donors and International Institutions in Public Policy and
Management;
8. Policy making and implementation in Pakistan.
Social Policy (2017) (short note)
Is Public Administration only a simple summation of private interest? Argue
win the light of theory of John Rawls. (2019)
CHAPTER 4
1. Budget as a Policy Tool
Budget as a control device. (2002) (short note)
2. The Budget as a Managerial Tool
3. Principles of Budgeting, Audit and Accounting in Government;
Accounting and & auditing system of financial administration in Pakistan has almost
collapsed as it has failed to control financial corruption. Suggest modern managerial
methods to check the leakage of funds in the public sector organizations. (2000)
What is deficit financing and deficit budgeting? Is deficit financing is a boon or
curse. Discuss. (2004)
The long experience of the leading countries of the world suggests certain principles
to which budget-making should conform. What are those important principles?
Describe briefly. (2007)
Describe the system of auditing in Pakistan and examine its role in combating
corruption and financial miss-management in government departments. (2015)
“On what basis shall we allocate resources to program A instead of program B”, is
the perennial statement in public sector budgeting. Identify and discuss at least Five
attempts, found in the budgeting literature used to answer V.O keys ‘famous
budgeting questions. Which type of budgeting system is most appropriate for Public
Administration? Why do you feel this way? (2022)
4. Line-Item Budgeting;
5. Performance Budgeting;
What is performance budgeting? Bring out its merits, limitations and difficulties.
(2012)
Performance Budgeting. (2013) (short note)
The idea of performance-budget lies beneath the word ‘results’. In the light of
statement, examine the elements of performance-based budgeting with reference to
Pakistan. (2021)
6. Program Budgeting;
7. Zero-Base Budgeting;
Zero Based Budgeting (2014) (short note)
Zero Based Budgeting (2017) (short note)
8. Outcome-Based Budgeting.
9. Planning and Budgeting in Pakistan.
Briefly discuss the role of various agencies of fiscal management in the government
of Pakistan. What are the benefits of Financial Advisors Scheme introduced in the
Federal Ministries? (2005)
The flow and management of funds is the lifeblood of our system of Public
Administration. Explain the government’s budgetary system. Is it an inherently
political process? (2011)
Governmental Budgets remain an area of general concern as well as controversy.
Considerable attention is given to taxation and other sources of governmental
revenues. Discuss the federal budget process in Pakistan paying special attention to
its ability to find governmental activity and help regulate the economy’s business
cycles. (2016)
Incremental Budgeting (2016) (short question)
Dissensus Budgeting (2016) (short question)
Planning Programming Budget System (2016) (short question)
Discuss in detail the budgeting process of Pakistan. Are you satisfied with the
process? Discuss with practical examples. (2019)
Governmental budget remains an area of general concern as well as controversy.
Considerable attention is given to taxation and other sources of governmental
revenues. Discuss the federal budget process in Pakistan paying special attention to
its ability to find governmental activity and help to regulate the economy’s business
cycle. (2022)
Q3. A Beat deal of political debate in the last two decades has focused on strategies
for controlling the federal budget deficit. Why is this an important issue for the
government and what strategies have been employed by governments to manage the
deficit? Give examples. (2023)
CHAPTER 5
1. Spoil system versus Merit System in Public Employment;
The excessive zeal for scientific management which arose as a corollary to the merit
system has produced adverse effect on administration but civil service has become
synonymous to merit system. Describe briefly the merit system and its advantages.
(2007)
2. Personnel versus Human Resources Management;
Discuss the role of government in human resource management at enterprise level
with particular reference to Pakistan. (2001)
Describe the scope of personnel administration with special reference to aristocratic
system of personnel administration. (2004)
Human Resource Management (HRM) is a contemporary approach to managing
people in business org. What are the salient features of HRM model? Do you think
this model is being applied to reform personnel system in Pakistan? (2010)
The system of Public Personnel Management in Pakistan. (2012) (short note)
Elaborate the interference of Hallo Effect and Stereotyping in the recruitment of
knowledge workers? (2013)
Discuss the salient feature of the system of Public personnel Management of
Pakistan and critically examine the needs to evolve the Human Resource
Management in Public Sector of Pakistan from an administrative and operational
role to a strategic one. (2014)
3. Close system versus Open System of Public Employment;
Compare and contrast the closed and open career system models. Which of these
two models best explain the career system of public bureaucracy in Pakistan? (2001)
4. Functions of Human Resources Management;
5. Implementation of HRM in Public Sector: Key Issues and Challenges.
What structural changes would you suggest to change the orientation of public
personnel management in Pakistan from ruling elite to serving civil servants to
achieve the objectives of poverty alleviation and development. (2000)
Analyze the Recruitment and training process of Central and Provincial Service?
(2008)
What is meant by personnel administration? What critical issues need to be taken
care of in devising efficient system of personnel management? (2015)
Describe the role of government in HRM at enterprise level. Elaborate key
challenges in Public sector enterprises in Pakistan and way forward. (2020)
Q3. Many observers feel that the contemporary HRM practices in Public Sector
organizations are too complicated to be efficient. Above in view, comment on the
following with reference to Pakistan:
a. Recruitment, training, employment and development of human resource processes
in public sector. Highlight shortfalls.
b. Accountability, performance evaluation and promotions / rewards of the public
sector employees. Highlight shortfalls. (2024)
CHAPTER 6
1. Meaning;
Administrative Law (2005) (short note)
2. Scope and Significance;
3. Nature and Contents of Administrative Law,
4. Administrative Ethics,
Administrative Ethics (2003) (short note)
The professional ethics and consciousness is a sort of built-in control mechanism
and it prompts the administrative leadership to maintain high standard of efficiency
and integrity. Do you agree with this statement? Discuss. (2008)
5. Delegation of Authority and Legislation,
The Supreme Court in Pakistan asserts the right of Judicial Review. Explain how in
the development of Administrative Law the right of Judicial Review was first
enforced by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1803 in the case of Marbury V. Madison.
(2016)
6. Administrative Tribunals;
7. Administrative Law in Pakistan.
What is administrative law? Discuss the principles and practice of administrative
law in Pakistan. (2003)
E – government (2005) (2011) (short note)
Ombudsman (2005) (short note)
Describe the powers and functions of ombudsman office in Pakistan and examine its
role in controlling administrative injustices to the common citizen. (2015)
CHAPTER 7
1. Planning;
What is planning? Why are the disadvantages of planning called potential
disadvantages? Outline the relationship among the six steps in the planning process.
(2013)
What is administrative planning? Explain it in the light of personnel and techniques.
(2004)
One of the writers on planning Mr. Pfeiffer points out that the constitution of a
country is a plan. Every planning and purposeful activity is preceded by preparation
for action. Do you agree with this statement? Discuss. (2007)
Explain the system of project planning in the government of Pakistan and how does
it extend to the provinces and local governments? (2009)
Planning Machinery in Pakistan. (2012) (short note)
2. Decision Making,
Compare & Contrast rational, incremental and NPM approach to decision making in
Public Administration. Explain your views with examples from Pakistan. (2010)
Traditional managerial approach to public administration stresses the need for
rationality in decision making. List and discuss the necessary steps to be taken to
develop a rational comprehensive model in decision making. Also give a specific,
comprehensive and logical critique of the same model. (2018)
Describe the four basic stages in the rational model of decision making and problem
solving. When do bounded rationality, satisficing and heuristics enter your own
decision making for better? For worse? (2020)
3. Conflict Management;
Explain dispute settlement process. Do you think that major methods of redressal of
public grievances in Pakistan are adequate? Argue your case. (2019)
4. Leading,
5. Communication,
Communication breakdown in organization. (short note) (2002)
Write in detail the main hindrances of effective communication. Can these be
remedied? (2004)
What are the communications issues for the Citizen-Government relationship in
Pakistan? (2013)
6. Administrative Buffering;
Administrative Buffering (2019) (short note)
7. Managing Change;
8. Managing Diversity;
9. Stress Management;
10.Delegation;
11.Public Service Motivation;
Harnessing intrinsic motivation within the public servants is prelude to better public
service delivery and effective curb on corruption. Discuss the statement in the light
of public service motivation paradigm and its requisite ingredients enunciated by
James L. Perry. (2017)
12.Creativity and Problem Solving; (2020 question)
13.Issues of Public Management.
 CHAPTER 8
1. Historical Background of Civil Service,
The CSP officers were accused of harboring a colonial mentality, of being little more
"Brown Englishmen's in the conduct of duties. Do you agree with this observation,
comment? (2008)
2. The Structure of civil Service;
3. History of Civil Service Reform;
The government is seized the objective of implanting civil service reform in order
to create a structure that is more efficient and responsive. Suggest how the
government should balance its strategy between the effort to improve the personnel
as well as the organization and methods of its government offices. (2016)
4. Management of Civil Service;
5. Institutional and Cultural Context of Civil Service;
6. Role of Civil Service in Good Governance, Gender and Civil Service.
 CHAPTER 9
1. Governance Structure of Provincial Administration;
Discuss the Organizational and functional setup of the Federal and Provincial
Governments in Pakistan. How their relationship can further be strengthened?
(2002)
2. Organization of Provincial Secretariat;
3. Organization and Functions of Provincial Authorities and Agencies and
their Relationship with Government Departments;
4. Post-devolution Local Governance;
Discuss the structure and functions of district government under the new system of
local government being implemented by the present regime in Pakistan. (2001)
Why the recently introduced reforms by the Government of Pakistan are severely
criticized by some of the Government Servants, suggest remedies for improvement.
(2002)
Explain briefly the Devolution Program of the Government. Highlight its strengths
and weaknesses. (2006)
Explain the new administrative setup under Local Government Ordinance 2001.
How far it affected the efficiency of Bureaucracy? (20)
Critically Analyze NRB-5Ds Model developed in 2001 in context with; Devolution
of Political Process, Distribution of Resources to Districts, Diffusion of Power
Authority Nexus, Deconcentrating of Management Functions and Decentralization
of Administrative authority. (2020).
Q4. Local governance in Pakistan is perpetually afflicted with lack of financial
autonomy and ineffective devolution of power at grassroots level. Discuss the
underlying reasons and suggest remedies to overcome these hurdles. (2023 CSS
Special)
5. Organization and Functions of District Government and Administration;
6. Organization and Structure of City District Government;
7. Issues and Challenges of Local Governance.
CHAPTER 10
1. Theories of Administrative Reforms;
2. Types of Administrative Reforms;
3. Privatization;
Define the term "Privatization’ in the context of Pakistan. How can privatization be
useful in transforming the manufacturing and service sector of Pakistan? Answer
this question in the light of the Privatization policy of Government of Pakistan.
(2001)
Crises in public corporation of Pakistan (2002)
Public Corporations are created because government departments are not conducive
to initiative and flexibility required in modern times. Discuss as to what extent these
objectives have been achieved by public corporations in Pakistan. Give examples,
where possible. (2005)
What is the importance of Public Private Partnership in Effective Governance?
Discuss the concept of Public Private Partnership with example from Pakistan.
(2006)
How and why governments implement public programmes by hiring the private
sector to do work for them. In writing your answer, also discuss the concepts of
privatization and public private partnership. (2009)
Critically examine the structure and functions of public corporations. What are the
major causes of widespread inefficiencies in the public sector enterprises of
Pakistan? (2015)
Privatization as a global phenomenon has major implications for Bureaucratic role
and scope, especially in state-dominated political system. Discuss, the statement
with for or against arguments. (2017)
Public sector innovation creates value for society either through new or improved
processes or services. Discuss factors which hamper procedural innovation in public
sector in Pakistan. (2017)
Q6. Outline main features of Public Private Partnerships & describe its scope and
Limitations with reference to Pakistan. (2023 CSS Special)
Market Failure
Describe in detail the four classical types of potential market failure and provide
examples of each type. What is the relevance of the concept of market failure to
government intervention in the economy? Explain. (2022)

4. Regulation;
5. De-regulation;
6. Decentralization;
Devolution and Good Governance (2001) (short note)
There are three major forms of administrative decentralization; deconcentration,
delegation and devolution each with different set of characteristics. Argue which one
is the most suitable form within the Pakistan’s socio-political context? (2017)
Types of Decentralization (2019) (short note)
7. Partnerships and Collaboration;
8. Business Re-engineering,
Public Business Re-Engineering (2020) (short note)
9. Quality Assurance;
10.Administrative Reform in Pakistan.
CHAPTER 11
1. Bureaucratic Responsiveness;
2. Representative Bureaucracy;
3. Citizens Engagement in Public Service;
Q5. Public officials at all levels have established processes to encourage more
substantive forms of citizen engagement. What is citizen engagement? Give
examples of these efforts, and what is the potential, in your opinion, for these efforts
to create truly meaningful engagement?
4. Accountability & Control;
Accountability and Control are the essential aspects of Public Administration in
Democratic Government'. Explain. Also suggest means for strengthening the system
of administrative accountability in Pakistan. (2012)
What is the difference between power and authority? Describe the role of power in
the control process. (2013)
Critically examine the control mechanisms and process in Pakistan and suggest
measures to strengthen the system to overcome maladministration and corruption.
(2014)
5. Concept and Approaches to Public Accountability;
The judicial remedies and accountability for the citizen of the country against the
abuse of power has become prevalent in the modern time. What are those remedies?
Elaborate. (2007)
The judicial remedies and accountability for the citizens of the country against the
abuse of power has become prevalent in the modern time. What are those remedies?
(2009)
6. Institutional Framework for Administrative Accountability;
A fair, free and transparent system of accountability is a pre-requisite of public
administration in a democratic state. Identify the causes and suggest remedies for
the failure of system of accountability during the democratic regimes in Pakistan.
(2000)
The administrative accountability of the public services is done under two heads that
is internal and external control in Pakistan. (2004)
Explain the salient features of National Accountability Strategy as prepared by the
National Accountability Bureau. Can it be called a complete strategy of Effective
Governance? (2006)
Despite the plethora of controlling institutions, administrative accountability is still
a pipe dream in Pakistan; why? (2015)
7. Legislative, Executive and Judicial Control over Administration;
Role of Executive, Legislature & Judiciary in public administration (2000)
What are various methods of legislative control over executive in Pakistan? Why
these controls are not so effective and taken lightly by the bureaucracy? (2005)
Parliamentary oversight of the executive is an important aspect of any democratic
system. How is this role being exercised by the Parliament in Pakistan? What
recommendations would you suggest for making this role more effective? (2011)
Appropriate separation of powers between the legislative, executive and judicial
branches ensure effective check and balance and hence accountable public
administration. Discuss, the statement in the light of historic Watergate Scandal,
which forced Nixon to resign as head of public bureaucracy. (2017)
8. Administrative Corruption;
Corruption is an evil which has played havoc in the socio-economic development of
societies. Also sources of corruptions are similar in all public administrative settings.
Having this in mind what are various types, causes and how to control corruption in
public sectors organizations. (2018)
Examine how corruption in public services undermines democracy. Discuss its
possible redressal mechanism. (2021)
Q4. Corruption is defined as betrayal of public trust for private / personal interest.
Above in view, answer the following questions:
a. What are main reasons of corruption in public sector and how it affects the
organizational functioning?
b. As member of the civil society, what measures would you suggest to apprehend
this practice and become a model setup? (2024)
9. Role of Civil Society in Good Governance;
Role of civil society in Public Administration (2003) (short note)
Role of Civil Society in good governance (2019) (short note)
10.Media, Interest Groups and Civil Society Organizations;
Discuss the role of social media in implementing public accountability in the
developing societies like Pakistan. (2013)
In spite of numerous advantages of social audit, its arrangement has been mostly
ineffective because there is no legal provision for punitive action. Comment. (2021)
11.The Situation in Pakistan.
Judicial activism (2011) (short note)
Judicial activism (2017) (short note)
Q5. In public administration, discretionary power refers to the public office
holder's authority to make, interpret and regulate policies. Above in view, answer
the following questions:
a. What are the merits and demerits of discretionary powers with respect to
organizational functioning?
b. In countries like Pakistan, do you support or oppose such powers in public
administration? Give rationale in either case. (2024)
CHAPTER 12
1. Role of Public Administration in Development;
2. Concept of Development Administration;
Differentiate between Development Administration and Administrative
Development. Critically analyze the role of bureaucracy in Development
Administration in developing countries like Pakistan. (2019)
3. Difference Between Development Administration and Development
Management;
4. Changing Role of Public Administration in Development,
5. Issues and Challenges of Public Administration in Pakistan.
The bureaucracy in many developing countries has played a considerable part as a
change agent in modernizing and development. Why is bureaucracy lacking in this
respect in Pakistan? Elaborate. (2007)
Today Public Administration in Pakistan seems to be in a state of prolonged and
slow moving crisis, seemingly lacking coherent paradigm and conceptual
framework. Discuss this statement with arguments for and against. (2016)
There is a point of view given by some scholars that traditional bureaucratically
organized public administration is broke, broken and inefficient and consequently
the public has lost faith in government institutions. The image of both the federal
and provincial governments is feared badly. Give your suggestions how to improve
the systems, procedures, processes of government institutions in Pakistan. (2018)
6. Globalization
Q6. It has been widely argued that the impact of globalization on public
administration should not be underestimated. What is meant by the term
‘globalization’? How does this trend affect public administrators at various levels
and why should administrators pay attention to the global context of their work?
Explain. (2023)