U.S.N.

B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

August 2024 Semester End Main Examinations

Programme: B.E. Semester: IV
Branch: Electronics and Communication Engineering Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 22EC4PCPCS Max Marks: 100
Course: Principles of Communication Systems

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may be suitably assumed.

UNIT - I CO PO Marks
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank

1 a) With the help of a neat diagram explain the generation of AM wave CO 1 PO 10

using a Switching Modulator with relevant mathematical equations 1
and Wave forms
b) Explain why pre-processing of signals is required before CO 1 PO 06
transmission ? 1
An antenna has an impedance of 40Ω. An un-modulated AM signal
pages. Revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

c) CO 1 PO 04
produces a current of 4.8A. The modulation is 90%. Calculate the 1
carrier power, the total power and the side band power?
UNIT - II
2 a) Derive an output equation of ring modulator for sinusoidal CO 1 PO 1 08
modulating wave m(t)
b) Explain costas loop and its role in demodulation of DSBSC signals. CO 1 PO 1 07

c) Vestigial sideband is commonly used in television transmission CO 1 PO 1 05

why?
OR
3 a) With a neat block diagram explain the generation of SSB modulated CO 1 PO 1 10
wave using phase discriminator method?
b) Discuss Hilbert transform and its properties? CO 1 PO 1 06
C) Consider a carrier signal which is amplitude modulated by a single CO 1 PO 1 04
tone sinusoidal message signal with modulation index of 70%.If the
carrier and one of the sidebands are suppressed in the modulated
signal, then compute the percentage of power saved ?
 UNIT - III
4 a) A sinusoidal modulating waveform of amplitude 5V and a CO 1 PO 1 06
frequency of 2KHz is applied to FM generator, which has a
frequency sensitivity of 40Hz/volt. Calculate the frequency
deviation, modulation index, and bandwidth.
b) With a neat block diagram explain FDM technique - - 06
c) Show that the bandwidth of WBFM is infinity and specify the CO 2 PO 2 08
amplitude of carrier and sidebands.
OR
5 a) An FM wave is given by s(t)=20cos(8π×106t+9sin(2π×103t)). CO 1 PO 1 06
Calculate the frequency deviation, bandwidth, and power of FM
wave.
b) Define Angle Modulation? show the scheme for generating PM CO 1 PO 1 07
wave using FM?
c) Explain the generation of Narrow band FM using DSBSC CO 1 PO 1 07
Modulator?
UNIT - IV
6 a) If an receiver is designed using an coherent detector, Obtain the CO 2 PO 2 10
design equation for SNR and Figure of Merit of the receiver
b) Explain the need of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis? Show how they CO 1 PO 1 10
are implemented?
UNIT - V
7 a) Determine the number of bits/sec generated by a PCM System, if CO 1 PO 1 06
the bandwidth of TV video and audio signal of 4.5MHz is to be
converted to PCM stream with 1024 quantization levels. Assume
the signal is sampled at 20% above Nyquist rate.
b) Determine the Nyquist rate and interval for the following Signal CO 1 PO 1 06
x(t)=5Cos(2000t)+7Sin(7000t)
c) With necessary block diagram explain the generation of PCM CO 1 PO 1 08
signal and the reconstruction of original telephone signal.

******
 U.S.N.

B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

December 2023 Supplementary Examinations

Programme: B.E. Semester: IV

Branch: Electronics and Communication Engineering Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 22EC4PCPCS Max Marks: 100
Course: Principles of Communication Systems

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may be suitably assumed.

UNIT - I CO PO Marks
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank

1 a) Define Amplitude Modulation. Derive the expression on AM by CO1 PO1 08

both time and frequency domain representations with necessary
waveforms
b) Explain the detection of message signal from amplitude modulated CO1 PO1 06
signal using an envelope detector and bring out the significance of
RC time constant.
pages. Revealing of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

c) An AM amplifier has Pout=50W RF output at μ=1. What is the CO1 PO1 06

power of unmodulated carrier? What power output is required to
be delivered by the base band signal if % μ is reduced to 75%
UNIT - II
2 a) Explain the method of obtaining a practical synchronous receiving CO2 PO2 08
system with DSB-SC modulated waves using COSTAS loop
b) With neat block diagram, explain the operation of Quadrature - - 07
Carrier Multiplexing
c) For the rectangular pulse shown in fig. 1, evaluate its Hilbert CO1 PO1 05
transform.
X(t)
1

-T/2 0 T/2

Fig. 1 Rectangular Pulse

OR
3 a) Explain the Frequency Domain representation, scheme for CO2 PO2 10
generation and demodulation of VSB modulated wave, with
relevant spectrum of signals in the demodulation scheme and
relevant mathematical expressions.
b) Derive an expression for SSB modulated wave for which the lower CO1 PO1 10
sideband is retained.
UNIT - III
4 a) Derive an expression for single tone sinusoidal FM wave, find its CO1 PO1 06
spectrum.
b) Mention the properties of FM and Describe with necessary CO1 PO1 08
equations and block diagram, the generation of narrow band FM.
c) Explain how downward Frequency Translation is achieved with CO1 PO1 06
the help of a block diagram.
OR
5 a) Illustrate the i) FM generation using Direct method CO2 PO2 12
ii) Zero Crossing Detector
b) A 93.2 MHz carrier is frequency modulated by a 5KHz sinewave. CO1 PO1 08
The resultant FM signal has a frequency deviation of 40KHz.
(a) Find the carrier swing of the FM signal.
(b) What are the highest and lowest frequencies attained by the
frequency modulated signal.
(c) Calculate the modulation index for the wave.
UNIT - IV
6 a) Derive an Expression for overall equivalent noise temperature of CO1 PO1 04
the cascade connection of any number noises for two port network.
b) What is noise equivalent bandwith? Derive an expression for CO1 PO1 08
noise equivalent bandwith
c) Two resisters of 20K and 50 K are at room temperature 290 K. CO1 PO1 08
Calculate for the bandwidth of 100KHz, the thermal noise for the
following conditions:
i) For each resistor ii) For two resistors in series
ii) For two resistors in Parallel
UNIT - V
7 a) Obtain the interpolation formula for reconstructing the original CO1 PO1 12
signal.
b) With a neat block diagram and waveform, explain TDM. CO1 PO1 08

******
 U.S.N.

B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

August 2024 Semester End Main Examinations

Programme: B.E. Semester: IV
Branch: Electronics and Communication Engineering Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 23EC4PCPCS Max Marks: 100
Course: Principles of Communication Systems

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may be suitably assumed.
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages. Revealing

UNIT – I CO PO Marks

1 a) Explain modulation and Justify the need for modulation. CO1 PO1 06
b) With necessary expressions, Analyse a single-tone AM signal. CO2 PO2 06
c) An AM transmitter radiates 9kW of power when the carrier is un- CO1 PO1 04
modulated and 10.125kW of power when the carrier is sinusoidal
modulated. Find the modulation index & Percentage modulation.
Now if another sine wave corresponding to 40% modulation is
of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

transmitted Simultaneously. Calculate total radiated power.

d) A given AM broadcast station transmits a total power of 5kW CO1 PO1 04
when the carrier is modulated by sinusoidal signal with a
modulation index of 0.7071.Determine Carrier power and
Transmission Efficiency.

UNIT – II
2 a) Explain generation of DSB-SC signal with the help of balanced - - 08
modulator using diodes.
b) A carrier wave with amplitude 12V and frequency 10MHz is CO1 PO1 06
amplitude modulated to 50% level with a modulating frequency
1KHz, write down equation of the above wave and sketch the
waveform in frequency domain.
c) A 1000kHz carrier is simultaneously modulated with 300Hz, CO1 PO1 06
800Hz and 2kHz audio sine waves. Select the frequencies present
in the output.

OR
3 a) In coherent detection, if carrier applied is cos(2πfct+Φ). prove that CO2 PO2 10
there is a phase error in the output and output consist not only the
message signal but its Hilbert transform.
 b) With the help of neat diagram show the spectrum of a TV signal CO1 PO1 05
Transmission using VSB .
c) Explain with a neat diagram the working of FDM transmitter and CO1 PO1 05
receiver.

UNIT - III
4 a) Differentiate phase modulation and frequency modulation. CO2 PO2 06
b) Identify the relationship between the instantaneous carrier CO1 PO1 06
frequency and modulating signal for FM.
c) Show that a FM signal has infinite sidebands, using the CO2 PO2 08
mathematical relations and draw the spectrum.
OR
5 a) Analyze the indirect method for generating wideband FM signal. CO2 PO2 10
b) A 107.6MHz carrier signal is frequency modulated by a 7kHz sine CO1 PO1 06
wave. The resultant FM signal has a frequency deviation of
50kHz. Find the carrier swing of the FM signal, the highest and
the lowest frequencies attained by the modulated signal,
modulation index of the FM wave.
c) Summarize the Bandwidth requirements for angle modulated CO2 PO2 04
waves.

UNIT – IV
6 a) Discuss about different sources of noise. A radio receiver with CO2 PO2 10
10KHz bandwidth has a noise figure of 30dB. Determine the
signal power required at the input of receiver to achieve input
SNR at 30dB.
b) Obtain the expression for figure of merit of AM system, with its CO1 PO1 10
block diagram.

UNIT – V
7 a) Explain the necessity of implementing PAM? CO1 PO1 05
b) A bandpass signal has the spectral range that extends from 20 kHz CO1 PO1 05
and 82 kHz. Find the acceptable range of sampling frequency.
c) Explain natural and flattop sampling techniques.Sketch the CO1 PO1 10
spectrum of sampled signal at (i) fs=2fm; (ii) fs>2fm and (iii) fs<2fm

********
 U.S.N.

B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru-560019

Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU

September / October 2023 Semester End Main Examinations

Programme: B.E. Semester: IV

Branch: Electronics and Communication Engineering Duration: 3 hrs.
Course Code: 22EC4PCPCS Max Marks: 100
Course: Principles of Communication Systems

Instructions: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each unit.
2. Missing data, if any, may be suitably assumed.
Important Note: Completing your answers, compulsorily draw diagonal cross lines on the remaining blank pages. Revealing

UNIT - I CO PO Marks

1 a) Discuss how baseband signals are made compatible for direct CO 1 PO1 06
transmission over the medium?
b) Show the generation of AM wave using a Switching Modulator CO 2 PO 2 10
with relevant mathematical equations and Waveforms
c) A 250W carrier of 1000kHz is simultaneously modulated by CO 2 PO 2 04
sinusoidal signals of 2kHz, 6kHz and 8kHz with modulation indices
of 35%, 55% and 75% respectively. Analyze the frequencies
present in the modulated wave and Compute the radiated power?
UNIT - II
2 a) Derive an output equation of ring modulator for sinusoidal CO 1 PO 1 06
modulating wave m(t)
b) A 400W Carrier is modulated on a depth of 75%; calculate the total CO 2 PO 2 06
power in the modulated wave in the following forms of AM. a)
of identification, appeal to evaluator will be treated as malpractice.

Double Sideband with full carrier b) Double sideband suppressed

carrier c) Single sideband suppressed carrier. State your
observations on the total power obtained for all the 3 cases.
c) Show the coherent detection of VSB-SC waves CO 2 PO 2 08

OR
3 a) With a neat block diagram illustrate the principle of QAM, State CO 1 PO 1 10
the salient features of transmitter and receiver?
b) Show that SSB signal can be demodulated by the synchronous CO 2 PO 2 10
detector shown in the figure 1.Sketch the spectrum of the signal at
each point and the time domain expression of the signals at each
point.
 d(t) y(t)
S(t)
LPF

LO Figure 1

UNIT - III
4 a) A single tone FM is represented by the Voltage equation : V(t)=12 CO 2 PO 2 06
Cos (6*108t+5Sin1250t).Determine the following Carrier
Frequency, Modulation Index, Modulating Frequency, Maximum
Deviation, What power will this FM wave dissipate in 10Ω resistor.
Write your observations
b) Explain the difference between Wideband FM and Narrow Band - - 06
FM.
c) Define Angle Modulation? Show the generation of FM wave using CO 2 PO 2 08
PM and PM wave using FM with the design blocks.
OR
5 a) Show that FM wave has infinite sidebands. CO 1 PO 1 08

b) A 25 MHz carrier is modulated by a 400 Hz audio sine wave. If the CO 1 PO 1 05

carrier voltage is 4V and the maximum frequency deviation is 10
kHz, write down the voltage equation of the FM wave.
c) Explain the generation of Narrow band FM using DSBSC CO 1 PO 1 07
Modulator?
UNIT - IV
6 a) An AM receiver is designed using an envelope detector Obtain the CO 2 PO 2 10
design equation for SNR of the AM receiver.
b) An FM signal with a deviation of 75 kHz is applied to an FM CO 1 PO 1 05
demodulator. When the input SNR is 15 dB, the modulating
frequency is 10kHz, estimate the SNR at the demodulator output.
c) Explain the need of pre-emphasis and de-emphasis? Show how they CO 1 PO 1 05
are implemented?
UNIT - V
7 a) In a PCM System, the signal to noise ratio is to be held to a CO 1 PO 1 04
minimum of 40dB. Determine the number of levels required.
b) Determine the Nyquist rate and interval for the following Signal CO 1 PO 1 06
x(t)=5Cos(2000t)+7Sin(7000t)
c) State the Sampling theorem and Nyquist Criteria, Briefly explain CO 1 PO 1 10
its significance?

******