Chapter 11

Vector Algebra
Solutions (Step-1)

SECTION - A
1. Answer (4)
   
It is given that a  b  a  b  1

 OA = AB = OB = 1
 OAB is a equilateral triangle.

Since OA  aˆ    bˆ  AB

 OAB is an isosceles triangle.

B
ABO = AOB = 30° +b
a b
BOB = 90° A
O
a
In BOB, we have
a– –b
BB =2 OB2 + OB 2 b
B’
2 2
 22 = aˆ  bˆ  aˆ  bˆ

2
 4 = 1  aˆ  bˆ

 aˆ  bˆ  3

2. Answer (1)

a iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ  1 ˆ 2 ˆ 3 ˆ
aˆ     i j k
a 2
1 2 3 2 2  14 14 14 

3. Answer (1)

(iˆ  jˆ)  (iˆ  kˆ )  1

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Vector Algebra 151
4. Answer (2)
5. Answer (1)

p1iˆ  p2 ˆj is a unit vector  p12 + p22 = 1

( p1iˆ  p2 jˆ)  (4iˆ  3 jˆ)  ( p1iˆ  p2 jˆ)·(4iˆ  3 jˆ)  0

 4p1 – 3p2 = 0

2 16 2 2 9
 p1  p1  1  p1 
9 25

 p1  0.6
 p2  0.8

6. Answer (2)

a  cos2  ·cos2   cos2  sin2   sin2 
 cos2   sin2   1

7. Answer (4)
8. Answer (3)

(3iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )  (2iˆ  jˆ  8kˆ )  0

6    8    14
9. Answer (3)

a  (2iˆ  kˆ )  (iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ )  iˆ  jˆ  3kˆ

b  (2iˆ  kˆ )  (2iˆ  kˆ )  2kˆ

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
a  b  1 1 3 = iˆ(2)  jˆ(2)  kˆ(0) = 2iˆ  2 jˆ
0 0 2

2iˆ  2 ˆj iˆ  jˆ
Unit vector =  ˆ ˆ

| 2i  2 j | 2

10. Answer (2)

 
a ·iˆ  1 (Let a  a1iˆ  a2 jˆ  a3 kˆ )

 a1 = 1 …(i)

a ·(iˆ  jˆ)  1

 a1 + a2 = 1  a2 = 0
Similarly a3 = 0

 a  1·iˆ  0· jˆ  0·kˆ

 a  iˆ

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152 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)

SECTION - B
11. Answer (3)

2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ and iˆ  3 jˆ  5kˆ are perpendicular

Hence right angled triangle
12. Answer (3)
   
|a b | |a||b |
   
 2a  b  2 | a || b |  Angle = 180º
13. Answer (2)
 
BC  OA  iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ
14. Answer (4)

  1  
If p and q denote the diagonals of a parallelogram, then its area is a  b .
2
Calculate all, finally you will observe that option (4) is correct and rests is wrong.
15. Answer (3)
     
(| a  b |)2  (a  b )2  | a |2 | b |2
 
 4  4  | a |2 | b |2  8
16. Answer (4)
   
Three vectors a, b and c are coplanar if a b c   0

1 2 3
 2 3 4  0     5  0    5
1 3 
17. Answer (4)
     
[a  b b  c c  a ]
     
= (a  b ).[(b  c )  (c  a )]
         
= (a  b ).[((b  c ).a )c  ((b  c ).c )a ]

= [abc ]2  42  16
18. Answer (1)
19. Answer (2)
   
w w u  v

dot product by u
     
u.w  u.(w  u )  u.v
   
 u.w  | u || v | cos 
 
u.w  cos 
      
| u  v |  || u || v | sin nˆ || u || v || n | sin   sin 

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Vector Algebra 153
20. Answer (4)
   
ab  c d … (i)
   
ac  b d … (ii)
       
ab ac  c d  b d
     
 a  ( b  c )  (c  b )  d
     
a  (b  c )  ( b  c )  d  0
   
(a  d )  ( b  c )  0
   
 a  d is parallel to b  c

Hence statement-1 is false, but statement-2 is true.

SECTION - C
21. Answer (1)
22. Answer (3)
23. Answer (4)
24. Answer (2)
25. Answer (3)
Solution of Q. Nos. 21 to 25
   
u v w  a

      3
 1 u  v  u  w  a  u 
2
    1
 u v  u w 
2
    3
Similary v  u  v  w 
4
    1
and u  w  v  w  
4
      1  
From above u  v  v  w  u  w  and v  w  0
2
  3   1
Also u  v  , u  w  
4 4
                     
Now using (u  v )  w  b and u  (v  w )  c , we get (u  w )v  (u  v )w  c and (u  w )v  (v  w )u  b given

   4  
us v   4b and w  (b  c )
3
   
Thus a  u  v  w

  8 4
 u a b c
3 3
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154 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)

SECTION - D
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
           
26. The vector a, b and c are the sides of a triangle if a  b  c  0. Other possibilities are, a  b  c, b  c  a,
  
ca  b
27. Let O be the origin.
(i) We have,

OP  3iˆ  4 jˆ

So, the component of OP along x-axis is a vector of magnitude 3 having its direction along the positive

direction of x-axis. Also, the component of OP along y-axis is a vector of magnitude 4 along the positive
direction of y-axis
(ii) We have,

OP   5iˆ  4 jˆ

Vector component along x-axis having magnitude 5 and its direction along the negative direction of x-axis.
Vector component along y-axis having magnitude 4 and its direction along the positive direction of y-axis.
28. We have,

p  5iˆ  n jˆ


 p  52  n 2

 13 = 52  n 2
 169 = 25 + n2 n = ±12.
29. We have,

a  4iˆ  3 jˆ


a   4   3
2 2

=5

 a 5

30. We have,
  
c  xa  y b

 4iˆ  3 ˆj  x(iˆ  2 ˆj )  y ( 2iˆ  jˆ)


 ( x  2y  4)iˆ  (2x  y  3) jˆ  0

 (x – 2y – 4) = 0 and 2x + y – 3 = 0 [ iˆ and jˆ are non-collinear vectors.]

 x = 2, y = – 1 is the required values.

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Vector Algebra 155
Short Answer Type Questions :

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
31. (i) a1  a2 = 3 1 2
1 3 4

= (4  6)iˆ  (12  2) ˆj  ( 9  1)kˆ

= ( 2iˆ  14 jˆ  10kˆ )

 
 a1  a2  ( 2)2  ( 14)2  ( 10)2

= 300  10 3

1  
Area of parallelogram = a1  a2 = 5 3 sq. unit
2
 
(ii) ab = 35
 
 a b sin  = 35
35
 sin  =
26  7

5
 sin  =
26

25 1
 cos  = 1  sin2   1  
26 26
   
a ·b = a b cos 

1
= 26  7  7
26
 
Therefore a ·b = 7
   
32. Let O be the origin. Then OA  a and OB  b .

AP m
Let P be a point on AB such that  . Then
PB n
nAP = mPB
 
 n( AP )  m(PB )
   
 n(OP  OA)  m(OB  OP )
  
 (m  n )OP  mOB  nOA
    
 (m  n )r  mb  na [Since OP  r ]

 
 mb  na
 r  Hence proved.
mn

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156 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)


33. Let the required vector be c  c1iˆ  c2 ˆj  c3 kˆ.


Then c  c12  c22  c3 2  3


 c12  c2  c3 2  9 …(i)

 
also c is perpendicular to a
 
 c ·a  0

 (c1iˆ  c2 jˆ  c3 kˆ )·(3iˆ  jˆ  4kˆ )  0

 3c1 + c2 – 4c3 = 0 …(ii)

 
and c is perpendicular to b
 
 c ·b  0

 (c1iˆ  c2 jˆ  c3 kˆ )·(6iˆ  5 jˆ  2kˆ )  0

 6c1 + 5c2 – 2c3 = 0 …(iii)

Solving (ii) and (iii), by cross multiplication method, we get

c1 c2 c3
  k (say)
2  20 24  6 15  6

c1 c c c1 c2 c
  2  3 k    3 k
18 18 9 2 2 1
 c1 = 2k, c2 = – 2k, c3 = k
Substituting these values in (i), we get
4k2 + 4k2 + k2 = 9
 k2 = 1
 k = 1
 c1 = 2, c2 = – 2, c3 = 1

Hence c  (2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ ) is the required vector.

34. Let a  (iˆ  jˆ  3kˆ )

b  (iˆ  3 jˆ  2kˆ )

c  (2iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ )

and the required vector be d  d1iˆ  d2 ˆj  d3 kˆ

Now, according to the question,

 
d ·a = 0  d1 + d2 – 3d3 = 0 …(i)

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-1) Vector Algebra 157
 
d ·b = 5  d1 + 3d2 – 2d3 = 5 …(ii)
 
d ·c = 8  2d1 + d2 + 4d3 = 8 …(iii)

Solving (i), (ii) and (iii), we get d1 = 1, d2 = 2, d3 = 1.

Hence, the required vector will be iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ.

Long Answer Type Questions :

35. (i) We have,
        
a  ( b  c )  b  (c  a )  c  (a  b )
           
= (a  b )  (a  c )  ( b  c )  ( b  a )  c  a  c  b
           
= a  b  b  c  c  a  (a  b)  (b  c )  (c  a)
= 0
        
Hence, a  (b  c )  b  (c  a )  c  (a  b)  0
     
(ii) a  b  c  0  a  b  c
    
 ( a  b )  b  ( c )  b
     
 (a  b )  (b  b )  (c )  b
   
 ab0  b c
   
 ab  bc …(i)
     
Also a  b  c  0  b  c  a
    
 ( b  c )  c  ( a )  c
     
 ( b  c )  ( c  c )  ( a )  c
    
 bc 0  c a
   
 b c  c a …(ii)
From (i) and (ii), we get
     
ab  bc  c a

36. Let c  c1iˆ  c2 ˆj  c3 kˆ. Then,

  iˆ jˆ kˆ
(a  c ) = 1 1 1
c1 c2 c3

= (c3  c2 )iˆ  (c1  c3 ) jˆ  (c2  c1 )kˆ

  
 a  c = b  (c3  c2 )iˆ  (c1  c3 ) jˆ  (c2  c1 )kˆ  jˆ  kˆ

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158 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-1)

 c3 – c2 = 0, c1 – c3 = 1 and c2 – c1 = – 1
 c3 = c2, c1 – c3 = 1 and c2 – c1 = – 1 …(i)
 
a ·c = (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )·(c1iˆ  c2 jˆ  c3 kˆ )
 
 a ·c = c1 + c2 + c3
 c1 + c2 + c3 = 3 …(ii)
 c1 + c2 + c1 – 1 = 3
 2c1 + c2 = 4 …(iii)
On solving we get

5 2 2
c1  , c2  , c3  .
3 3 3

 5 2 2 
Hence c   iˆ  jˆ  kˆ  .
3 3 3 

  

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Chapter 11

Vector Algebra

Solutions (Step-2)

 Addition of Vectors and Unit Vectors

1. Answer (2)
We know that the centre of a regular hexagon bisects all the diagonals passing through it.
     
 OA   OD, OB   OE and OC   OF
   
 OA  OD  0 and OB  OE  0
     
Hence OA  OB  OC  OD  OE  OF
      
= (OA  OD )  (OB  OE )  (OC  OF )  0

2. Answer (3)
 
Case I : When a and b are non-collinear. Clearly. B
OA + AB > OB
b

   b

+

 OB < OA  AB
a

   
 ab < a  b O A
a
 
Case II : When a and b are collinear.
    
a  b = OA  AB  OB
  
 OB = OA  AB b
O a A B
   
 ab = a  b

   
Hence in general ab  a  b

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160 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

     
Now, a  b = a  ( b )  a  b

   
 ab  a  b

      
and a  a  b  b  a  b  b

   
 a  b  a b

   
 a b  a  b

Hence option (3) is incorrect.

3. Answer (1)
    
(a  b )  (a  b )  2a
 
i.e., angle between a and 2a  0
4. Answer (1)

1 2
  
A(a ) B(b ) C(c )

 1 c  2  a
b
1 2
  
 c  3b  2a
Hence option (1) is correct.
5. Answer (3)

   
Let 40iˆ – 8 jˆ – 60iˆ  3 jˆ =   iˆ – 52 jˆ  40iˆ  8 jˆ 

   40  –20, – 44  –11

1
  ,   40
4

Product of Vectors, Projection and Volume of Parallelopiped

6. Answer (4)

a cos  7
  
b cos  3
7. Answer (2)
  
c   (a  b )
     
  ( b  a )  ( b  c )  (c  a )  0
       
 ( b  a )  b  ( a  b )  (a  b )  a  0

 2

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 161
8. Answer (1)
  
ab  c
    
 b  (a  b )  b  c
        
 (b  b ) a  (b  a ) b  b  c  a
  
 | b |  1 and | a |  | c |
9. Answer (2)

Put a  a1iˆ  a2 jˆ  a3 kˆ
   
We get, (a  iˆ)2  (a  jˆ)2  (a  kˆ )2  2| a |2

10. Answer (1)

 2    
a  b = (a  b )·(a  b )
       
= a ·a  a ·b  b ·a  b ·b

2   2
= a  2(a ·b )  b

= 2 – 2cos  2 2
 a  b 1
   
a ·b  a b cos 
 cos  

2 
= 4 sin
2

  
 a  b  2sin
2

11. Answer (4)

  
a  b  c
    
| a |2  | b |2  2a  b  | c |2
 
2 | a | | b | cos   49  9  25

15 1 
cos     
235 2 3
12. Answer (4)

Let a is the required vector

a  xiˆ  yjˆ … (i) where x 2  y 2  1

Let b  iˆ  jˆ … (ii)

c  3iˆ  4 ˆj … (iii)

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162 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

x2  y 2  1 … (iv)

  
Angle between a and b =
4

 a.b 1 xy xy
cos      
4 | a || b | 2 x y
2 2
1 1 2
 x y 1 … (v)

  
Again angle between a and c is
3

 a.c 3 x  4y 3 x  4y
 cos     
3 | a || c | x y 96
2 2 5

1 3 x  4y
 
2 5

5
3 x  4y  … (vi)
2
By (v) and (vi)

5
3( x )  4(1  x ) 
2

5
 3x  4  4x 
2

5
 4  7 x 
2

5 13
 7x  4 
2 2

13
 x … (vii)
14

1
Similarly y  … (viii)
14

2 2
 13   1  170
But x  y        1
2 2

14
    14 196

Hence no such vector exists.

13. Answer (2)

Volume of parallelepiped = a b c 

2 3 4
 1 2 1  2  4  1  3  2  2    1  4 
2 1 2

= 6 + 12 – 20 = –2
As volume is always +ve, therefore the required volume is 2 cubic cm.
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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 163
14. Answer (2)
   2      
a  b  c  (a  b  c )(a  b  c )

 2  2  2      
= a  b  c  2[a  b  b  c  c  a ]

  
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 2  0  cos  0 
 3 
=4
  
 a b c  2

15. Answer (2)

 
For acute angle a . b  0

 2(1  m )  2m 2  3m  0

 2m2  5m  2  0

 2m2  4m  m  2  0

 2m(m  2)  1(m  2)  0

 (2m  1)(m  2)  0

 1 
 m  ( ,  2)    ,  
 2 
16. Answer (1)
     
| u  v |  | u |2 | v |2 (u  v )2
     
Put u  a  b and v  a  b
 
We get,  2 16  (a  b )2

17. Answer (3)

 
|ab |1
 
 | a  b |2  1

 a 2  b 2  2a.b  1

 1  1  2 cos   1

2 cos   1

1
cos   
2

2

3

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164 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

 Solving of Vector Equations

18. Answer (4)
      
r  x(a  b )  y (b  c )  z(c  a )

Dot product by c

r .c  x [abc ]  0  0


r .c    1
x      3r .c  [a b c ]  3 
[abc ]  

Similarly y  3r .a

and z  3r .b
   
x  y  z  3r .(a  b  c )

19. Answer (3)

   
a  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ, a.b  1, a  b  jˆ  kˆ
   
a  (a  b )  a  ( jˆ  kˆ )
    
(a.b )a  (a.a )b  a  ( jˆ  kˆ ) … (i)


as a.b = 1

a.a  a 2  1  1  1  3

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 ˆ ˆ
a ( j  k)  1 1 1  iˆ( 1  1)  jˆ( 1)  kˆ(1  0) = 2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ
0 1 1

Putting all value in equation (i)


(1)(iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )  3b  2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ

 3b  3iˆ  b  iˆ
20. Answer (3)
21. Answer (2)
       
[2a  b c d ]  (2a  b ).(c  d )
     
= 2a.(c  d )  b.(c  d )

   

= 2[acd ]  [bcd ]  [acd ]  [bcd ]

   2,   1

    2 1 3

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 165
22. Answer (3)
   
a  b  c  d … (i)
   
b  c  d  a … (ii)

By (i) – (ii)
   
a  d  d –  a

   1 ,   1
   
Or a  b  c  d

abc d  0
Numerical Value Based Questions
23. Answer (110)
                  
[2a  b 3b  c 2c  a ]  [2a  b 3b  c 2c ]  [2a  b 3b  c  a ]  11[a b c ]  11  10 = 110

24. Answer (160)


     a
| AC |2  | a |2  | b |2 2  a  b 
D
C

  2   2     
  3        3   2  3        3  b

 
= 162 + 42 + 16   A B
= 112
Similarly BD2 = 48
 AC2 + BD2 = 160.
25. Answer (25)

Let b  b1iˆ  jˆ  b2kˆ
 
 a  b  4  2x  2  14
 
and a  b  3iˆ  jˆ  8kˆ

 x – 2z = 1
 x = 5 and z = 2
26. Answer (72)
   
Let position vectors of point P, A, B and C are P, a, b and c respectively and O is circumcentre.
  
 abc  0
    6
and | P |  | a |  | b |  | c |  units .
3
    
Now | PA |2  | a |2  | P |2 2a  P
    
Similarly | PB |2  | b |2  | P |2  2b  P

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166 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

    
and | PC |2  | c |2  | P |2  2c  P
          
 | PA |2  | PB |2  | PC |2  | a |2  | b |2  | c |2  3 | P |2  2P  (a  b  c )

2
 6 
= 6 | P |2  6    72
 3
Previous Years Questions

Product of Vectors, Projection and Volume of Parallelopiped

27. Answer (2)

     
| a  c |2  | a |2 | c |2  (a  c )2
 
 | b |2  2 | c |2  16

 3  2 | c |2 16

 19
 | c |2 
2
28. Answer (4)
 
  b . a b1  b2  2
Projection of b on a =  
a 4

b1  b2  2
According to question  1 1 2  2
2
 b1 + b2 = 2 ...(1)
   
Also a  c  b  c  0

 8 + 5b1 + b2 + 2 = 0 ...(2)
From (1) and (2),
b1 = –3, b2 = 5

 b  –3. iˆ  5 jˆ  2kˆ

b  9  25  2  6

29. Answer (2)

 
 and  are collinear
 
  = t
   
(   2) a  b  t  (4  2) a  3b 

  
(  2  t (4  2)) a  b(1  3t )  0
 
a and b are non-collinear
 – 2 – t(4 – 2) = 0, 1 – 3t = 0

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 167

1 1
 t and   2  (4  2)  0
3 3
3– 6 – 4 + 2 = 0

4

Option (2) is correct

30. Answer (2)
By observing point A, B angle bisector of acute angle, OA
B(1, 3)
and OB would be y  x
y= x
Now, according to question

 – (1– ) 3 A( 3 , 1)

2 2

 2 = ±3 + 1 O
 = 2 or  = –1
31. Answer (3)

 a  b  c 1

1
Now a  (b  c )  b
2
1
(a  c )b  (a  b )c  b
2
1
 a c  and a  b  0
2
1
a c cos   and  = 90°
2
 = 60°
 |  –  | = | 90° – 60° | = 30°
32. Answer (4)

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
ab  3 2 x   2  x  iˆ   x  3  jˆ  5 kˆ
1 1 1

 
ab  r   2  x 2   x  3 2   5 2
 r  4  x 2  4 x  x 2  9  6 x  25

 1 1
 2 x 2  2 x  38  2  x 2  x    38 
 4 2

2
 1 75
 2 x   
 2  2

75 3
 r  r 5
2 2

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168 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

33. Answer (1)

x 2 y 3 z4
Equation of l is  
6 3 4

P (–1, 2, 6)

l
(2, 3, –4) M <6, 3, –4 >
(6l + 2, 3l + 3, –4 l –4)

Let M (6 + 2, 3 + 3, –4 – 4)

DR’s of PM is < 6+ 3, 3+ 1, –4– 10 >
 (6+ 3)(6) + (3 + 1)(3) + (–4– 10)(–4) = 0
 = –1
i.e. M  (–4, 0, 0)

 PM = 9  4  36  7
34. Answer (4)
   

Let vector be   a  b  a  b 
    
 
a  b  4iˆ  4 jˆ
 
a  b  2iˆ  4kˆ

  
vector    4iˆ  4 jˆ  2iˆ  4kˆ 
  
  16iˆ  16 jˆ  8kˆ 

 8 2iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ 

 12  8  4  4  1

1
 
2

Hence required vector is 4 2iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ  

35. Answer (4)
  
If a, b, c are coplanar, then
  
a, b, c   0

 1 3
 2 1 –  0
 –2 3

 2 + 6 =0
No value of ‘’ exist
Set S is an empty set.

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 169
36. Answer (3)

a  1(bˆ  cˆ )

 iˆ  ˆj iˆ – jˆ  4kˆ 
 1   
 2 3 2 


1

3 2

4iˆ  2 jˆ  4kˆ 

As a  iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ

 1  3 2,  = 4,  = 4

a  4iˆ  2 ˆj  4kˆ no option is satisfied

2  2 2 ˆ

Also a  2 (bˆ – cˆ ) 
3 2
 
(3iˆ  3 jˆ) – (iˆ – jˆ  4kˆ )  2 (2iˆ  4 jˆ – 4kˆ ) 
3 2 3 2

i  2 ˆj – 2kˆ 
2 2
  = 1,  = –2 and 1
3 2

 a  kˆ  2  0
37. Answer (4)

iˆ jˆ kˆ
  

Here a. b  c  
x 2 3
2 x 1
 x 3  27 x  26

7 2 x

 f(x) = x3 – 27x + 26
f(x) = 3x2 – 27 = 0  x = –3, 3

3 3
Max Min
 x0 = –3
  
Now a.b  b.c  c.a  –2x – 2x – 3 – 14 – 2x – x + 7x + 4 + 3x = 3x – 13
So value at x = x0 = 3 × –3 – 13 = –22
38. Answer (4)
 
Let ĉ be a unit vector in the direction of a  b .
 aˆ  bˆ  cˆ, bˆ  cˆ  aˆ & cˆ  aˆ  bˆ
   
a  b  a  b  cˆ
   2 
 
a  a  b   a b bˆ

    
     a b cˆ
a a ab
3

a   a   a   a  b     a b bˆ   a
       4  4 
b

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170 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

39. Answer (1)

   
r  a  –r  b
  
r  (a  b )  0
  
r  (a  b )  (3iˆ – ˆj  2kˆ )

r  (iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ )  3    1 ...(i)

r  (2iˆ  5 ˆj  kˆ )  1   – 2  –1

   1 and   1 [using (i)]


 | r |2  1  (9  1  4)  15
40. Answer (4)
Angle required is say 
    
cos  

a· a  b  a  b


  
 
| a |2 0  0
    

| a |2
   

| a || a  b  a  b |  
| a || a  b  a  b |  
|a| 3 |a|


   
(as a, b and a  b are mutually perpendicular to each other)

1
cos  
3

 1 
   cos1  
 3
41. Answer (4)
 
Projection of BA on BC
  A
BA  BC
 
BC
7 5
 
BA  BC cos B
  B C
BC 3

 72  32  5 2 
 7 
 273 
 

11
 units
2
42. Answer (4)

  
a b  c  a b c  c c

2
 [a b c ]  c ...(i)

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 171
   
 
and b  c  a  a  (b  c )  a  a

2
 [a b c ]  a 4 ...(ii)

 a  c 2
Option: (1)


a b c  b –c     a   –b  c  c  b 
 2a  (c  b )  2a  (a )  0
Option: (2)
2
a  (b  c ) a
Projection of a on (b  c )   2
b c a

Option: (3)

[a b c ]  [c a b ]  2[a b c ]  8
Option: (4)
2
3a  b – 2c

 9a 2  b 2  4c 2  6a  b – 4b  c – 12a  c

 9.22  12  4.22  0
= 53
 a b  b c  c a  0

a a a b a c
2
and [a b c ]  b  a b b b c
c a c b c c

2 2 2
 16  a b c

 b 1

43. Answer (1)

       2 

a  b  b c  b c b  b c   
    

 b c b  c   b  1
2   2 2    
    
2
a  b c b  c  2 b c b c

2  
 
2
2  c  b c

2 = 4 – (2cos)2
(2cos)2 = 2

1
cos    tan   1
2

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172 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

44. Answer (1.00)

a 1 a a
  
 P, Q, R are coplanar, so a a 1 a 0
a a a 1

a 1 a a 1 0 a
 1 1 0  0  1 1 0  0
1 0 1 2 1 1

 3a + 1 = 0

1
 a= 
3

  1
 P  Q  3a 2  2a  
3

iˆ jˆ kˆ
  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ
and R  Q  a a a  1   2a  1 iˆ  ajˆ  akˆ  
3
a a 1 a

  1
 R Q 
3

  2
3 P Q 
Now;     2 

3 1
1
1
R Q 9
3

45. Answer (0.8)


 b  a
Let position vector of P is OP 
 1

:1

A P B
(1, 1, 1) (2, 1, 3)

    2

Given OB  OP  3 OA  OP  6

  2
  b  a   b  a
 b   3 a 6
  1   1

  2
a b   b 3  2   2  

 1    12
ab  6  a  b  2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ 

6  14 18 2
  6
 1    12

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 173

8 18 2
 6  6
  1    12


Let t
 1
18t2 – 8t = 0

4
t  0,
9

 4
 
 1 9

4
   0.8
5
46. Answer (18)

Let a  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ

     
Now i  a  i  i . i a  i . a i  yjˆ  zkˆ


 
Similarly ˆj  a  jˆ  xiˆ  zkˆ


 
kˆ  a  kˆ  xiˆ  yjˆ

2 2 2
Now yjˆ  zkˆ  xiˆ  zkˆ  xiˆ  yjˆ

= 2(x2 + y2 + z2) = 2(4 + 1 + 4)

= 18
47. Answer (6)

Projection of b on a = Projection of c on a

 a·b=a·c

Given b · c = 0

2 2 2 2
 a+b–c = a + b + c + 2a.b – 2b·c – 2a·c

= 4 + 16 + 16
= 36

 abc  6

48. Answer (4)

| a  b  c |2  | a |2  | b |2  | c |2  2(a.b  b.c  c .a )

 |a b c | 3 |a |

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174 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

a .(a  b  c ) | a |2 1
Now cos    
| a | | a  b  c | | a | ( 3 | a |) 3
So, 36cos22 = 36(2cos2 – 1)2
2
2 
 36   1  4
3 
49. Answer (9)
 
 a  b  1  3  2    2
 
b  c  10  3  2    2    5
Clearly (,) = (–2, –1)

1 2 1
  
[a b c ]  3 1 2  9
2 2 1

50. Answer (5)

v1  iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ, v2  2iˆ  4 jˆ  5kˆ, v3  iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ

v 2  v 3  (2  ) iˆ  6 jˆ  2kˆ  v 4

v4
Projection of v1 on v 4  v1 
v4

1  (2   )  2  6  1  ( 2)
 1
(2   )2  62  ( 2)2

 (12 – )2 = (2 – )2 + 40

On solving
=5
51. Answer (90)
 
b  c  ( 9  2)iˆ  (3  ) jˆ  5kˆ
 
b  c  5 3  (9  2)2  (3  )2  25  75

 2 + 6 + 8 = 0
  = –2 or  = – 4
   
a is perpendicular to b  a  b  0

  iˆ  5 jˆ  kˆ    iˆ  3 jˆ  kˆ   0
 1 + 15 +  = 0 ...(i)
2
2  16 
a  1  25   2  26   
  
2
from greatest value of a take  = 2

2
 greatest value of a  90

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 175
52. Answer (3)

 aˆ  bˆ  2(aˆ  bˆ )  2,    0,  

 | aˆ  bˆ  2(aˆ  bˆ ) |2  4 .

 | aˆ |2  | bˆ |2  4 | aˆ  bˆ |2  2aˆ · bˆ  4.

 cos = cos2

 2

3

where  is angle between â and b̂ .

 2 | aˆ  bˆ |  3  | aˆ  bˆ |
(S1) is correct

aˆ · (aˆ  bˆ ) 1
And projection of â on (aˆ  bˆ )   .
| aˆ  bˆ | 2

(S2) is correct.
53. Answer (2)
1
cos2   cos2   cos2   1  cos2  
3
1
  cos  
3
 
a  (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ ),   0
3

 (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ ).(3iˆ  4 jˆ)

7
3 32  42


 (3  4)  7  5
3

 5 3

a  5(iˆ  ˆj  kˆ )

Let b  piˆ  qjˆ  rkˆ
  
a.b  0 and [a b iˆ]  0
 p+q+r=0 …(i)

p q r
q r
1 1 1 0
& p 2r
1 0 0


b  2riˆ  rjˆ  rkˆ

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176 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)


b  r ( 2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )
 
Now | a |  | b |

5
5 3  | r | b  | r |
2



 Projection of b on 3iˆ  4 jˆ 

b. 3iˆ  4 jˆ  |r |
( 6  4) 2r

5 5
32  42

2 5
Projection    2
5 2
 2 is correct
54. Answer (4)
  
Let v  1 a   2 b, where 1, 2   .

 (1  22 ) iˆ  (1  32 ) jˆ  (21  2 ) kˆ

  2
 Projection of v on c is .
3

1  2 2  1  3 2  21   2 2
 
3 3
 1 + 32 = 1 …(i)

and v · ˆj  7  1  32  7 …(ii)

from equation (i) and (ii)

1 = 4, 2 = – 1

 v  2iˆ  7 jˆ  7kˆ

 v · (iˆ  kˆ )  2  7 = 9

 Solving of Vector Equations

55. Answer (2)
  
  1  2 ...(i)
 
 2 ·  0
 
and Let 1   
     
 ·   ·1   ·2

 5 = 2
 5 =  × 10

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 177

1
 
2

 
 1 
2

Cross product with 1 in equation (i),
   
  1  2  1
 
        
   1  1  2 
2

iˆ jˆ kˆ
  1
 1  2  2 1 3
2
3 1 0

1 ˆ ˆ
  3i  j ( 9)  kˆ(5)
2

1 ˆ
  3i  9 jˆ  5kˆ 
2
56. Answer (3)
  
 a  b  c 1

   
and a  b  c  0
On squaring both sides

2 2 2      
a  b  c  2(a . b  a . c  b . c )  0

      3
 = a . b  a . c  b . c  
2
      
and d  a  b  b  c  c  a

       

= a  b  b  (  a  b )  a  b  a 
     
= a b – b a – 0 – 0 – b  a

 

= 3 ab 
  
  ,d    – 32 ,3  a  b  
57. Answer (1)
Magnitude of vector remains same hence
9p2 + 1 = (p + 1)2 + 10

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178 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

 8p2 – 2p – 10 = 0
 4p2 – p – 5 = 0
 4p2 – 5p + 4p – 5 = 0

5
 (p + 1) (4p – 5) = 0  p  –1 or
4
58. Answer (1)

2 1 1
  
[b c d ]  1 –1 1 = 2(–6 – 2) –1(3) +1(5)
3 2 6

= –16 – 3 + 5 = –14
  
Let a  b  c
        
 [a b c ]  [a b d ]  [a c d ]
     
 – [b c d ]  [b c d ]
  
 ( –  )[b c d ]

 a  (2  )iˆ + ( – ) jˆ + ( + )kˆ

(2  )2  ( – )2  (  )2  10 (as a  10 )

 62 + 32 + 4 = 10 ...(i)

& aˆ  bˆ  0  3(2 + ) + 2( – ) + 6( + ) = 0

14 + 7 = 0   = –2 ...(ii)
by (i) & (ii), 62 + 122 – 82 = 10

   1    2

( – ) = 3 or –3
 Required quantity = –42
59. Answer (2)
        
a   b  c   (b  c )  a  b   c  a 
    
 b  (– b )  a  c  b 

2
–b

 – 12  (–1)2   –2

60. Answer (3)

  
a  b  c  d  say 

     
a · b  b ·c  c ·a  0

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 179
       

  
  

a  r  b  a  b  r  c   b  c  r  a   c   0 
     

   a ·a  r  b  a · r  b a  0    
       
 
  d 2 r  b   a  r  a  0  a ·b  0 

    
  
      

 3d 2 r  d 2 a  b  c   r · a  a  r ·b b   r ·c  c  
=0
    

 3d 2 r  d 2 a  b  c  d 2 r  0 

[ Each term is component of r ]
   

2r  a  b  c  0 
 1   
r  abc
2
 
61. Answer (6)
 
v1  v 2  
 cos     and | v 1 |  | v 2 |
| v1 |  | v 2 |

2 3p  p  1
 cos    and 4 + (p + 1)2 = 3p2 + 1
| v 1 |2

 p=2

4 3 3 6 3 2
 cos    tan  
13 4 3 3

62. Answer (3)

   
 pq  pq
r  3  
   
 
pq  pq    
i j k
3 3 5 2

  
1 1 0 
3 2iˆ  2 jˆ  2kˆ 
   = –i + j – k

pq  pq    2 3

|| = || = || = 1

63. Answer (1)
 
a  3iˆ  jˆ & b  iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ
          
a  (b  c )  (a  c )b  (a  b )c  b  c

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180 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-2)

 
If b & c are non-parallel
   
then a  c = 1 & a  b = –
 
but a  b = 5   = –5
64. Answer (2)
   
 xa  yb .  6ya  18 xb   0
2 2  

 
2
 2
  6 xy a  18 xy b   6 y  18 x a. b  0
As given equation is identity
Coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2 = coefficient of xy = 0

2 2 
 a 3b  b 3 3

 
and a. b  0

   
a  b  a b sin 

 9.3 3.1  27 3

65. Answer (3)

  
Clearily a, b, c are non-coplanar

1 t 1 t 1
1 t 1 t 2 0
t t 1

 (1 + t)(1 + t + 2t) – (1 – t)(1 – t – 2t) + 1(t2 – t – t – t2)  0

 (3t2 + 4t + 1) – (1 – t) (1 – 3t) – 2t  0

 (3t2 + 4t + 1) – (3t2 – 4t + 1) – 2t  0

 t 0
66. Answer (1)

a  i  j  
k

c  2i  3j  2
k
  
Now, b  c  a
    
c  (b  c )  c  a
 
c a  0

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-2) Vector Algebra 181

 (i  j  
k )(2i  3j  2
k)  0

=2–3–2=0
 –3 = 0 (Not possible)

 No possible value of b is possible.

67. Answer (2)

 
Given, a  2iˆ  jˆ  5kˆ and b  iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ


Also, a  b   i   kˆ  232

a  i  b   b  iˆ   a   kˆ  232
 


 
  2  b    a   kˆ  232
23 3
 2  2  5  
2 2


Now, b  2 j  iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ  2 jˆ 
 2kˆ  0  4iˆ

 42  16

2
 3 
 4   16
 2 

=5

  

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Chapter 11

Vector Algebra

Solutions (Step-3)

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)

 Addition of Vectors and Unit Vectors

1. Answer (4)
  
p  a  b  3iˆ  4 jˆ  (3iˆ  jˆ)  (iˆ  2 jˆ)

or 3 +  = 3,  + 2 = –4
 
  = 0,  = 3 i.e., P = 2a  3b
2. Answer (4)
  
| a  b  c |2  16
  
a 2  b 2  c 2  2(a.b  b.c  c.a )  16
  
9  9  4  2(a.b  b.c  c.a )  16
  
 a.b  b.c  c.a  3 … (i)

We have, a.b  0
  
b.c | b || c | cos   6cos 
  
c.a  | c || a | cos   6 cos 
By (i)

0  6(cos   cos )  3

1
cos   cos   
2
3. Answer (3)
    
c   (a  b ) and |  (a  b ) |  7

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 183
4. Answer (2)
  
Let ABC is the given triangle and the position vector of A, B and C are a, b and c respectively
  
AB  b  a = (iˆ  7kˆ )  (3iˆ  4 jˆ  5kˆ ) = 2iˆ  4 ˆj  2kˆ

 AB  24  c

Similarly BC  (5iˆ  5 jˆ)  (iˆ  7kˆ )  4iˆ  5 jˆ  7kˆ

 BC  90  a

AC  (5iˆ  5 jˆ)  (3iˆ  4 jˆ  5kˆ )

AC  (2iˆ  jˆ  5kˆ )  30  b

In ABC

a  90, b  30, c  24

b 2  c 2  a2 30  24  90
cos A  =
2bc 2 30  24

54  90 36
= 
2  2 15  12 4 15  4  3

9 9 3
=  
53 43 32 5 2 5

c 2  a 2  b 2 24  90  30
cos B  
2ca 2  24 90

114  30 84
 
2  24 90 2  2 6  3 10

7 7
= 
6 10 2 15

a2  b2  c 2 90  30  24
cos C  =
2ab 2 90 30

96

2  3  10  3  10

16 8
= 
10 3 5 3

abc
Circumradius R 
4
Where  is the area of triangle which is given by

1   1   1  

Let   | AB  AC | or | AB  BC | or | AC  BC |
2 2 2

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184 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

iˆ jˆ kˆ
1   1
  | AB  AC |  2 4 2
2 2
2 1 5

1 ˆ
= (i (20 – 2)  jˆ(10 – 4)  kˆ( 2  8))
2

1
= 18iˆ – 6 jˆ  6kˆ = 99
2
Distance between orthocenter and circumcenter is

R 1  8 cos A cos B cos C

abc  3  7  8 
= 1 8     
4  2 5   2 15   5 3 

90 24 30 7838
= 1
4  99 2  2  5  15 15

30  2  3  2 7238
= 1
4  99 5  15

45 2 7  16
= 1
99 25

45 2 25  112
=
99 25

45 2 137 274
= 3
99 25 11

9 274
=
99
5. Answer (2)
     
| (a  b )  c ) |  | a  b || c | sin 30

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
ab  2 1 2  iˆ(0  2)  jˆ(0  2)  kˆ(2  1) = 2iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ
1 1 0

 
| a b |  4  4 1  3
    
But | c  a |2  c 2  a 2  2a.c

 8  c 2  9  2c
 c 2  2c  1  0

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 185

 (c  1)2  0
 c=1
   3
 | (a  b )  c | 3  1 sin 30 
2
6. Answer (4)
      
a  (b  c )  (a.b )b  (4  2  sin )b  (2  1)c
      
 (a.c )b  (a.b )c  (a.b )b  (4  2  sin )b  (2  1)c
Comparing, we get
 
a.c  a.b  4  2  sin  …(i)

a.b  1  2 …(ii)
  
Also (c.c )a  c
  
 (c.c )(a.c )  (c.c )
 
 ((a.c )  1)(c.c )  0
 a.c  1, or c.c  0 …(iii)
By (i), (ii), (iii)

1  1  2  4  2  sin 

 2  2  2  sin   0

(  1)2  (1  sin  )  0

Is valid only when   1 , sin   1


   1,   .
2
7. Answer (1)

(3iˆ  2 ˆj  5kˆ )  (2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )  (iˆ  3 ˆj  2kˆ )  ( 2iˆ  jˆ  3kˆ )

 2    2  3 …(i)

  3    2 …(ii)

  2 – 3   5 …(iii)
By (i), (ii), and (iii)
 = 1,  = 2,  = 3

, ,  are in A.P.
2
8. Answer (1)
   
a  ( a  c )  b

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186 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

    
(a.c )a  (a.a )c  b
 
Let angle between a and c is 
  
 (2 cos )a  c  b
  
 | 2 cos a  c |2  | b |2

 4 cos2 .a 2  c 2  2  2 cos (a.c )  b 2
 4 cos2   4  4 cos   2 cos   b2  1
 4  4 cos2   1

3
 cos  
2


 
6

9. Answer (1)
  
(p  q)  r

Applying cross product by p
    
p  (p  q)  p  r
     
 ( p.q )p  ( p.p )q  p  r
   
 cp  p 2q  p  r
  
 cp  p  r
 q 
| p |2 .

10. Answer (4)

Diagonals of parallelogram bisects each other.
11. Answer (3)
       
BD  AC  (a  3b)  (a  3b )  6(a  b)
       
OD  OC  (a  2b)  (2a  3b )  7(a  b )

         

 (BD  AC )·(OD  OC )  42(a  b )·(a  b )  42 a  b 2
      
Also a  3 b and OA ·DB  a ·(3b  a )  0

   
 3a ·b  a  9 b 2

    2 2
  2 a ·a a ·b 9 b ·3 b
 ab       2  0
a ·b b ·b 3b · b

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 187
12. Answer (4)
  
|a b c | 1
        
 | a |2  | b |2  | c |2  2(a  b  b  c  c  a )  1

 1  1  1  2(cos   cos )  1
 cos   cos   1
13. Answer (2)
  
AB  BC  AC
    
 BC  AC  AB  2a  3b  a  a  3b C

 
Area of quadrilateral ABCD = (a  b ) D

1        

1
(a  (2a  3b )]  [(2a  3b )  b ] = (a  b ) 3b
b +
2 2 2a

1   1     A B
 [3(a  b )]  [2(a  b )]  (a  b ) a
2 2

3      
 (a  b )  (a  b )  (a  b )
2

5
 
2
14. Answer (3)

a a b
1 0 1 0
c c b

 a(0  c )  a(b  c )  b(c ) = 0

 ac  ab  ac  bc  0

2ac
 b
ac
Hence, a, b, c are in H.P.
15. Answer (2)
    
Let v  xa  yb  z(a  b )
     
 v .a  xa.a  yb.a  za.(a  b ) … (i)
     
 v .b  xa.b  yb.b  zb.(a  b ) … (ii)
            
 v .(a  b )  xa.(a  b )  yb(a  b )  z(a  b ).(a  b ) … (iii)
       
but a.b  b.a  a(a  b )  b.(a  b )  0
  
also v .b  1, v .a  0, [v a b ]  1

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188 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

Putting these values in (i), (ii), (iii) respectively, we get

1 1
x  0, y  ,z    2
b2 | ab |
  
 b ab
 v  2  2
| b | |ab |

SECTION - B
Objective Type Questions (One or more than one option(s) is/are correct)
1. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
For coplanar vectors
a b c
b c a 0
c a b

 (a 3  b 3  c 3  3abc )  0

 (a  b  c )(a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ca )  0
 a+b+c=0
 
    (a  b)iˆ  (b  c ) jˆ  (c  a )kˆ
    
(  ).(iˆ  ˆj  kˆ )  2(a  b  c )  0
  
Hence     v
  
Similarly (   ).v  0
     
and (    ).v  0 so (     ).(iˆ  yˆ  kˆ )  0

Hence options (1), (2), (3), (4) are correct.

2. Answer (1, 2, 3)
     
Let y  a  b  b  c  c  a
  
(1) if a  (2b  3c )
     
y  ab  b c  c a
       
= (2b  3c )  b  b  c  c  ( 2b  3c )
       
= 3b  c  b  c  2b  c  6(b  c )
 
 a  2b
(2) If c  
3
 
    a  2b   – a  2b  
 y  a  b  b        a
 3   3 
 
 y  2(a  b )

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 189

    
 (a  3c )   a  3c   a  3c    
(3) If b =  y  a 
   c   (c  a )
2  2   2 
Hence options (1), (2), (3) are correct.
3. Answer (2, 4)
    
Let d  (a.b )c  (a.c )b
    
d.a  (a.b )(c.a )  (a.c )(b.a )  0
 
Hence a is perpendicular to d
         
d.(b  c )  ((a.b )c  (a  c )b ).(b  c )
       
= (a.b )[c.(b  c )[ (a.c )[b.(b  c )]
   
= (a.b )(0)  (a.c ).(0)  0
   
Hence vector d is perpendicular to a and b  c .
Hence options (2, 4) are correct.
4. Answer (1, 2, 3, 4)
      
[a.b.c ] = a.(b  c )  a.(| b | | c | sin )nˆ
   
Where ‘’ is angle between b and c and n̂ is the unit vector perpendicular to the plane containing b and c . If

the angle between a and nˆ is .
    
 [a b c ]  | a | | b | | c | | n | sin  cos 
  
= | a | | b | | c | sin  cos 
     
But [a b c ]  | a | | b | | c |

 sin .cos   1 … (i)

Equation (i) is valid only when   90º ,   0º

  
Hence vectors a, b, c are mutually perpendicular
 
 a.b  b.c  c.a  0
     
and a  (b  c )  (a  b )  c

Hence options (1), (2), (3) & (4) are correct

5. Answer (1, 3)
Vector product or scalar product is only done between vectors.
6. Answer (2, 3, 4)
  
(iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ )  ( 2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )  (10 jˆ  kˆ )  ua  vb  wc

 u = 0, v = 17 and w = – 3

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190 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

7. Answer (1, 3, 4)
     
(a  c ) a  c  b  0
  
 2cos  a  c  b
   
 2cos   a  c  a  b
 
 2cos   a  b
 
 a b  0
   
Now (2cos ) a  b  b  c  1
 
 b c  1
 
Also 4cos2   4  1  2 b  c

 4cos2  = 3

         
  and a  (b  c )   a  c  b  (a  b )c
6

 3 b
8. Answer (2, 4)

 b sin 
tan 
3 a  b cos    
b a b

   2
 a sin  b sin cos   b sin  cos
3 3 3 3
/3

 2 a
 a sin  b sin
3 3

  
 a sin  b2sin cos
3 3 3

 a
 cos 
3 2b

1  a 
   3cos  
 2b 

   
and | a  b | a2  b2  2ab cos   a2  b2  2ab  4 cos3  3 cos 
 3 3

 4a3 a 
 a2  b2  2ab  3 
3 2b 
 8b

a4
 a2  b2   3a 2
b2

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 191

a4 a2  b2
 b 2  2a 2  2

b b

a2  b2

b
9. Answer (2, 3)
 
 a  b  a  b
Let d 
3

  | a |2  a  b  
Now, d  a  | d || a | cos  (i)
3
 
  | b |2  a  b  
d b  | d || b | cos  (ii)
3

   | a  b |2   
d  (a  b )  | d || a  b | cos  (iii)
3
From (i) and (ii),
     
| a |  ab | b |  ab
  
3|a| 3|b|

 
   ab 
  | a |  | b |  1      0
 | a || b | 
   
 | a |  | b | as a and b are non-collinear

From (ii) and (iii)

 
 | b |2  a  b
| b |  
|ab |
   
 | b |3 sin  | b |2 (1  cos ) (‘’ is the angle between a and b )

  1  cos 
 |b||a|
sin 
   
 2 (a  b  a  b ) (a  b  a  b )
Now | d |  
3 3
     
| a |2  | b |2  2a  b  | a  b |2

9
 
 9 | d |2 | a |2  2  2 cos  | a |2 sin2  
 
 9 | d |2  | a | (2  2cos   (1  cos )2 )
 
 9 | d |2  | a |2 (1  cos )(3  cos )

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192 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

  
ab
Now | d | cos  
3

  
| a || b | sin 
 | d | cos  
3


| a |2 sin 
 cos   
| a | (1  cos )(3  cos )

1  cos 
 cos  
3  cos 

1 1 1  
 cos   or   cos when a  b  0 .
3 3

10. Answer (1, 4)

Volume = 3

Altitude  AA  6

Let A = (x, y, z)

AA  ( x  1, y , z  1)
 
AB  AC
Take nˆ    
| AB  AC |

 6nˆ  AA  (iˆ  2 ˆj  k )

 ( x  1)iˆ  yjˆ  ( z  1)kˆ

So x – 1 = ± 1, y = ± 2, z – 1 = ± 1
x = 2, 0 y = 2, –2, z = 2, 0

So A  2iˆ  2 jˆ  2kˆ or 2 ˆj

11. Answer (1, 2, 3)

  
Let V1  3(a  b )
A
    
V2  b  (a  b ) a
 
V1  V2  0

 
 2
 A B C
2
Using sine rule,
    
b  (aˆ  b ) a 3 |ab |
| |
sin  cos 

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 193
         
b  (a  b )a
1 1 | (a  b )  a | 1 | a  b || a | sin90 1
 tan   |   |      
3 |ab | 3 |ab | 3 |ab | 3


 
6

12. Answer (2, 3)

   
xb  c b
     
 a  ( x  b )  a  (c  b )

  
 a  (c  b )  
 x   (as x  a )
a b
        
Also a  (c  b )  (c  b )  a  (b  c )  a

13. Answer (1, 3)

  
Required vector d  a  b  (1  )iˆ  (2   ) jˆ  (1  2)kˆ

 
d a 2
According to question  
|a| 3

2(1   )  (2   )  (1  2 ) 2
 
4  1 1 3

 = – 3, 1
 Required vectors are (1) and (3)
14. Answer (1, 2, 3)

1 2 3
For vectors to be coplanar 0 x y 0
0 0 2x  1

 x(2x – 1) y = 0

1
 x  0,
2
15. Answer (1, 4)
   
| x  y |  | x  2y |

 | x  y |2  | x  2y |2


  | y |2
 xy 
2

  1 | y |2  2 1
Now x  y   2    2 1 2 1
| y | 2 2 | y | 2

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194 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

SECTION - C
Linked Comprehension Type Questions
Comprehension-I
1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (4)
3. Answer (2)
Solution of Q. Nos. 1 to 3
  
| a |  | b |  | c |  k (Let)
   
If we take base ABC then perpendicular vector to ABC is (b  a )  (c  b )
      
n  (a  b  b  c  c  a )
    
Let we take edge OA then angle between n and OA is the angle between n and a
 
1  n.a  1  [a b c ] 
  sin      sin    
| n || a | | n || a |
As we know that

a.a a.b a.c  k2 k 2 cos 60 k 2 cos 60

2 
[a b c ]  b.a b.b b.c   k 2 cos 60 k2 k 2 cos 60
 
 c.a c.b c.c  k cos 60 k cos 60
2 2
k2

 1 1
 1
2 2
 
 1 1 6   1  1  1 1  1  1 1 
= k6  1  = K 1  1           
2 2   4  2  2 4  2  4 2 
 
 1 1
1
 2 2 
 

6 3 1 1 1  1 
= K       
 4 2 4 2  4 

6 3 1 k6
= K   
4 4 2

k3
 [abc ] 
2

 As a regular tetrahedron the angle between two faces is

   
 sin –1
 a  b b  c bca b
 sin–1    
 
ab bc ab bc

2 2 1
 sin–1  cos–1
3 3

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 195

 3   
n  k2   n1  n2  n3 
2

 3  1 1 1
| n |  k2  1  1  1– 2     = k 2  3
2 2 2 2 2

 k3 
 
  sin1  2   cos1  1 
 2 3   
 3
k .k 
 2 

Comprehension-II
1. Answer (2)

   a.b  ˆ
Projection b(a ) =    b
| b |

8  3  1  4iˆ  3 jˆ  kˆ  5
=   =  (4iˆ  3 jˆ  kˆ )
26  26  13

2. Answer (3)

  a.b  ( 8  3  1) (4iˆ  3 ˆj  kˆ )
ap     bˆ  .
| b | 26 26

5
=  (4iˆ  3 jˆ  kˆ )
13

   5
aq  a  aq  ( 2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )  (4iˆ  3 jˆ  kˆ )
13

6iˆ – 2 jˆ  18kˆ
=
13

2
= ( 3iˆ  jˆ  9kˆ )
13
3. Answer (1)

  
a.b 8  3  1 5 26
Comp b(a )    
|b| 26 13

Comprehension-III A

1. Answer (4)
E
BD AB  F
  I
DC AC 
 
 b  c 
 P.V of D  and BD  B C
   D

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196 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

In triangle ABD

ID BD  
  
IA AB      


    
 (   )( c  b ) a   b  c
 I  a  
  
 

2. Answer (3)

      B C 
lB  lC  | l B || lC | cos  180     
  2 2 

B C 
 r cosec   r cosec    sin
2 2 A
2 
B C  A
 r 2 cosec   cosec   sin
2 2 2
3. Answer (2)

  B C  A
| IB  IC | r 2 cosec   cosec   cos
2 2 2

SECTION - D
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Answer A(r), B(q), C(s), D(p)

(A) Area of triangle = | A |

ˆ ˆj kˆ
 1 i
Where, A  3 3 4
2
1 2 0

  1
A  | iˆ(0  8)  jˆ(0  4)  kˆ(6  3))
2
 1
 A  | 8iˆ  4 jˆ  3kˆ |
2

  89
| A|
2
1 0 1 0 1  0 1 1 1
1 1
(B) Volume = 6 1  1  1  1 1  ( 1) = 6 0 2 2
1  1 1  ( 1) 1  1 2 2 0

1 1
= [1(0  4)  1(0  4)  1(0  4)] = [ 4  4  4]
6 6

2
Volume =
3

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 197

2  1 1  0 0  1 3 1 1
1 1 16
(C) v  1  2 2  1 5  0 =  1 3 5 
6 6 3
1 1 2  2 1 5 0 0 4


(D) Area = | A |

iˆ ˆj kˆ
 1 1 ˆ 1
| A |  1 1 0 = [i (1  0)  jˆ( 1  0)  kˆ(0  1)] = [iˆ  jˆ  kˆ ]
2 2 2
1 0 1

 3
 | A|
2
2. Answer A(s), B(r), C(q), D(p)
                
(A) a  (b  c )  b  (c  a ) = a  b  a  c  b  c  b  a = (a  b )  c
                    
(B) a  (b  c )  b  (c  a ) = (a.c )b  (a.b )c  (b.a )c  (b.c )a = (a.c )b  (b.c )a = (a  b )  c

                   
(C) (a  b )  (c  b )  [(a  b ).b ]c  [(a  b ).c ]b = [a b c ]b = [c b a ]b

                   
(D) (a  b )  (c  a )  [(a  b ).a ]c  [(a  b ).c ]a = 0  [a b c ]a = [c b a ]a

3. Answer A(q), B(p, s), C(q), D(p, s)

(A) Obviously

   1   1 1 1 1
(B) a  b  c  , b . c  . . 
2 2 2 2 8
   
a.b  0  a.c

  2
Now a  b  c  1
(C) Let I as origin then
  
aabbcc
Given vector 0
abc
  
(D) a, b, c are perpendicular to each other
        
as 0  a a b   a . c, a . b  0  a . c
    
Now  a  b  .c  c 2  a 2  a.  b  c 
  
Then a  b  c  a b  c  b  1

4. Answer A(t), B(p), C(r), D(q)

  
(A) (a  b )  (2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ )  0
 
 a  b  (2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ )

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198 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

 4  9  16     29
 =±1

Now  (2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ )  ( 7iˆ  2 jˆ  3kˆ )   ( 14  6  12)   4

       
(B) a  b  (b  c ) and c  a  (b  c ) clearly +  = – 1

        
(C) a  2b 2b  c 5c  a   12 a, b, c 

12 0 
(D) According to question 0 3 1  546    3
2 1 15

SECTION - E
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. Answer (1)
  
2a  3b  5c  0 and 2 + 3 – 5 = 0 hence points are collinear and the area of the triangle is zero.
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (1)
     
(a  b  c )2  a2  b2  c 2  2(a.b  b.c  c.a )
  
 0 = 3  2(a.b  b.c  c.a )

   3
a.b  b.c  c.a  
2
4. Answer (3)
  
PQ and RS  ST are not parallel, thus
  
PQ  (RS  ST )  0
 
Again PQ and RS are not parallel, thus
 
PQ  RS  

 Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false

SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. Answer (8)
   
x1 . y 2  0, x1 . y 3  0
  
So x1 ||  y 2  y 3 
  
 x1    y 2  y 3 
    
 x 1 . y 1    y 1 y 2 y 3 

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 199
2
     
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

  
So x1     .  y 2  y 3 
2
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

Similarly

  
x 2     .  y 3  y 1 
2
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

  
x 3     .  y 1  y 2 
2
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

   8    2
  x1 x 2 x 3      3  y 1 y 2 y 3 
 y 1 y 2 y 3 

     
  x 1 x 2 x 3   y 1 y 2 y 3   8

2. Answer (6)
  
Given a  3b  c
  
2b  3c  a
   
 2b  3c    c  3b 
 
  2  3  b   3    c  0
2
 
3
   
Thus, 2a  6b  9c  0
  
 2a  9c  6 b  6

3. Answer (6)
  
a  b  c
    
a  (a  b )  a  c
     
 (a.b )a  (a.a )b  c  a
   
 3a  2b  c  a
 3a  c  a
 b
2

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
and c  a  1 1 1 = iˆ( 1  1)  jˆ( 1)  kˆ(1) = 2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ
0 1 1

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200 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

 3( ˆj  kˆ )  ( 2iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )
 b
2
 2iˆ  2 jˆ  4kˆ
 b  iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ
2
 
 | b |  6  | b |2  6 .

4. Answer (2)
   
d.(a  b  c )  [abc ]  [abc ]  t [abc ]

8  [abc ][    t ]

1
8 [    t ]
8

     t  64

t

32

64
 2
32

5. Answer (3)
         
(a  b )  (c  d ) = (a.c  d )b  (b.c  d )a
     
= [acd ]b  [bcd ]a … (i)
         
(a  c )  (a  b ) = (a.d  b )c  (c.d  b )a
     
= [adb ]c  [cdb ]a … (ii)
         
and (a  d )  (b  c )  (a  d.c )b  (a  d.b )c
      
= [adc ]b  [adb ]c … (iii)

Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get

           
(a  b )  (c  d )  (a  c )  (a  b )  (a  d )  (b  c )
      
= [bcd ]a  [cdb ]a
 
= 2[bcd ]a

 
= 2  24a ( [b cd ]  24)
 
= 48a  ka (Given)
On comparison, we get
k = 48

48
  3
16

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 201
6. Answer (2)
     
(a  b ).[(b  c )  (c  a )]
       
= (a  b ).[[bca ]c  [bcc ]a ]
   
= (a  b ).[[bca ]c  0]
 
= [abc ]2  [abc ]k

 k 2
7. Answer (7)
    
Let a  xb  yc  z(b  c )
where x, y, z are scalars
   
by taking cross product with b, c and b  c , we get

  
    a  (b  c )
(a  b ), (a  c ) and   2
| bc |

respectively the value of x, y and z.

  
       a  (b  c )  
 a  (a  b )b  (a  c )c    2 (b  c )
| bc |

 Required magnitude = 7.
8. Answer (6)
      
| (a  b )  c |  | a  b || c | sin
6

iˆ ˆj kˆ
 
Now a  b   2 1 2  2iˆ  2 ˆj  kˆ
1 1 0

 
 | a  b | 4  4  1  3

   1 
So 4 | (a  b )  c | 3  1  4  6 ( | c |  1)
2
9. Answer (9)

P.V of C  r1  (7iˆ  6 ˆj  2kˆ )  (3iˆ  2 jˆ  4kˆ )

P.V of D  r2  (5iˆ  3 ˆj  4kˆ )  (2iˆ  ˆj  4kˆ )
    
CD  r2  r1 . Also CD || r

So CD  ( 2iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ )

By composing we get  = 2,  = 1, = 3


 | CD |  9

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202 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

10. Answer (5)

  2
xy 
3
   
a  b  6x  y
     
 | a  b |2  36 | x |2  | y |2 12 x  y

8 2
 36   1  12  = 25
9 3
   
a  b   4 x  5y
     
 | a  b |2  16 | x |2  25 | y |2  40 x  y

8 2
 16   25.1  40 
9 3

128 80
  25   25
9 3
   
So (a  b ) is the shorter diagonal and | a  b | 5

SECTION - G
Previous Years Questions
1. Answer (C)
 is obtained using

  1 1
1   1 0
1 1  

2. Answer (B)
   
abc 0

      
 a  (a  b  c )  a  0  0

   
 abca

     
 ab c a bc 0

3. Answer (A)

c
b
a

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 203

The volume of the parallelopiped with coterminus edges as aˆ, bˆ, cˆ is given by [aˆ bˆ cˆ ]  aˆ ·(bˆ  cˆ )

1 1
1
aˆ ·aˆ aˆ ·bˆ aˆ ·cˆ 2 2
1 1 1
Now [aˆ bˆ cˆ ]  bˆ ·aˆ bˆ ·bˆ bˆ ·cˆ 
2
1 
2 2 2
cˆ ·aˆ cˆ ·bˆ cˆ ·cˆ 1 1
1
2 2

1
 [aˆ bˆ cˆ ] 
2

1
Thus the required volume of the parallelopiped = cubic units.
2
4. Answer (A)

OP  aˆ cos t  bˆ sin t

| OP |  (aˆ ·aˆ cos 2 t  (bˆ ·bˆ ) sin 2 t  2aˆ ·bˆ sin t cos t

| OP |  1  2aˆ ·bˆ sin t cos t

| OP |  1  aˆ ·bˆ sin 2t


| OP |max  1  aˆ ·bˆ at sin 2t = 1  t 
4

  1
OP  at t    (aˆ  bˆ )
 4  2

  aˆ  bˆ
Unit vector along OP at  t   
 4  | aˆ  bˆ |

5. Answer (C)

Let the angle between vectors â and b̂ , b̂ and ĉ , ĉ and d̂ be ,  and  respectively

 (aˆ  bˆ ).(cˆ  dˆ )  1

(sin nˆ1 ).(sin  )( nˆ2 )  1

 sin .sin .( nˆ1.nˆ 2 )  1

Let the angle between nˆ1 & nˆ 2 be  .

 sinsincos = 1
This is possible when
sin = sin = cos = 1 ...(i)
 1
Also, a.c 
2
1
 1  1  cos  
2

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204 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)


  ...(ii)
3
From (i), we have



2
 = 0°

As  = 90°, then â , b̂ , ĉ , d̂ will be coplanar. Option (A) and (B) are wrong. Option (D) also is not true.
Hence option (C) is correct.
6. Answer (A) S R
Let O be the origin.

then OP  2iˆ  ˆj
P Q

OQ  4iˆ

OR  3iˆ  3 jˆ O

OS  3iˆ  2 ˆj
Here we have

PQ  6iˆ  jˆ

QR  iˆ  3 jˆ

RS  6iˆ  jˆ

and PS  iˆ  3 jˆ

PR  5iˆ  4 jˆ

QS  7iˆ  2 ˆj
 
PR  QS  35  8  27  0
Diagonals are not perpendicular
   
and | PQ |  | RS |, | QR |  | PS |

Hence PQRS is a parallelogram which is neither a rhombus nor a rectangle.

7. Answer (B)

AB  2 i  10 j  11k
D

C
AD   i  2 j  2 k

  
Angle '' between AB and AD A B
 
AB . AD 2  20  22 8
= cos        
AB AD 15  3  9

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 205

17
 sin    
9

     90

17
cos     cos  90     sin    
9
8. Answer (C)
 
A vector in the plane of a  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ and b  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ is given by
 
a  b

= (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )  (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ )

= (1   )iˆ  (1   ) jˆ  (1   )kˆ

 1
whose projection on c  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ is given to be , hence
3
(1   )  (1   )  (1   ) 1

3 3

 –1=±1
  = 0 or  = 2
But  = 0 does not serve our purpose

when  = 2, v  3iˆ  jˆ  3kˆ

9. Answer (C)
 
   

a  2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ  b  2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ  0
 
 a  b    2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ   0


 

 a  b   2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ 
 
Given, | a  b | 29
 =1
 
So, a  b  2iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ

 
 
Now, a  b · –7iˆ  2 ˆj  3kˆ = 4 
10. Answer (C) 
S(b) R
   
PR  a  b  3iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ  d1
   
SQ  a  b  iˆ  3 jˆ  4kˆ  d2
 
 a  2iˆ  ˆj  3kˆ P Q(a)

 b  iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ

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206 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

2 1 3
 Volume of the required parallelopiped = 1 2 1
1 2 3

= |2(6 – 2) + 1(3 – 1) – 3(2 – 2)|

= 10 cubic units
OR
1  
Area of parallelogram = | d1  d 2 |
2
3 1 2
1
 Volume of parallelepiped = 1 3 4 = 10 cubic units.
2
1 2 3

11. Answer (C) P

           
OP  OQ  OR  OS  OR  OP  OQ  OS  OQ  OR  OP  OS
        S
OP  OQ  OR  OS  OR  OP  OQ  OS
     
 OP  (OQ  OR )  OS  (OR  OQ )  0 R
Q
   
 RQ  (OP  OS )  0
  
 RQ  SP  0
 
 RQ  SP
       
and similarly from OR  OP  OQ  OS  OQ  OR  OP  OS
 
SR  PQ
 S is the orthocentre.
12. Answer (A, D)
Required vector will be parallel or antiparallel to the vectors

 iˆ  jˆ  kˆ   (iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ )  (iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ )

  
 4 iˆ  jˆ  2kˆ  4 iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ 
 4 ˆj  4kˆ
13. Answer (A, B, C)
            
Given that x  y  y  z  z.x  1 and a  ( x  ( y  z )), b  ( y  ( z  x ))
   
 ( y  z )  ( z  x )
   
 a  y  (2  1)  , b  z  
      
(a  y )( y  z )  ( y  z )  a (Option B is correct)
      
(b  z )( z  x )  ( z  x )  b (Option A is correct)

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 207
   
(a  y )(b  z )  
     
and a  b  ( y  z )  ( z  x )

= μ(1 – 1 – 2 + 1)
= –μ
   
 (a  y )(b  z ) (Option C is correct)
      
(a  y )( z  y )  ( z  y )  a
 (A, B, C) are correct.
14. Answer (A, C, D)
  
a  12, b  4 3, b.c  24

  
abc 0 (Sides of triangle)
  
b  c  a
 
 b  c  . b  c   a.  a
2 2  2
b  c  2b.c  a

2
48  c  2  24  122

2
c  48

2
c  48
a   12  12
2 2

2
c  48
a   12  36
2 2
          
ab c a  ab ac  a  b c  
  
a  b  c
       
  
 b  c  b  c  b  c  b  c     
 
 2 b c

2 2 
 
2
 2 48  48   24 
2
 2 b c  b.c

 2  24 4  1  48 3
  
a  b  c
 
 a  b  . a  b   c.  c
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208 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

2 2  2
a  b  2a.b  c

2
 a 122
a.b    72
2 2
15. Answer (B, C)

wˆ  (uˆ  vˆ )  1  uˆ  v  wˆ

Let v  xiˆ  yjˆ  zkˆ then

i j k
  1 ˆ ˆ
u  v  u1 u2 u3  (i  j  2kˆ )
6
x y z

1
 zu2  yu3 
6

1
and  zu1  xu3 
6

2
and yu1  xu2 
6

0 u3 u2
D  u3 0 u1  0
u2 u1 0

1
u3 u2
6
1 u1
D1  0 u1  (u1  u2  2u3 )
6 6
2
u1 0
6

Similarly,

u2
D2  (u1  u2  2u3 )
6

u3
and D3  (u1  u2  2u3 )
6

As it is given that there exist a vector v
So the equations can have infinite solution only.

 u1  u2  2u3  0

If u3  0  u1  u2  0  | u1 |  | u2 |

If u2  0  u1  2u3  0  | u1 |  2 | u3 |

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 209
16. Answer (C, D)
Let P  (, 0, 0), Q(0, , 1), R(1, 1, )
 
For collinearity PQ  k PR

  0 0   0 1
 
 1 0 1 0  

1
  ,     


1 
  , 
  1

 0 , 1

 Q  kˆ , Q  kˆ  jˆ

17. Answer (A, C)

 ab  a–b
v  and u 
2 2
a b a 2  b2

   ab  a–b
v u  w   2
a 2  b2

WLOG, a  b
So

2a  a 2  b 2
 a=b
 
Also area of PQRS  PQ  PS  2ab  8
 
So a = b = 2, Also PQ  PS  a 2 – b 2  0

So PQRS is a square of side length 2 2

18. Answer (A, B, C)

OA  2iˆ  2 jˆ  kˆ

OB  iˆ  2 ˆj  2kˆ

 1  

OC  (OB  OA)
2
   1        
OB  OC  OB  (OB  OA)   OB  OA  (OA  OB)
2 2 2

iˆ jˆ kˆ
 
Now, OA  OB  2 2 1  6iˆ  3 ˆj  6kˆ
1 2 2

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210 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

  3
So, OB  OC  (2iˆ  ˆj  2kˆ )
2
  9 9
OB  OC  
2 2

So,   1 (   > 0)

 1  

OC  (OB  OA)
2
 1
OC  ( iˆ  4 jˆ  kˆ )
2

  1 ( 2  8  1)
  OC · OA 2 3
(A) Projection of OC on OA =   
OA 3 2

1   9
(B) Area of the triangle OAB = OA  OB 
2 2

iˆ ˆj kˆ
1   1 1 ˆ 9
(C) Area of the triangle ABC is = AB  AC  1 4 1  6i  3 ˆj  6kˆ 
2 2 2 2
5 1
 4 
2 2
 
(D) Acute angle between the diagonals of the parallelogram with adjacent sides OA and OC  
   
(OA  OC )·(OA  OC )
     cos 
OA  OC OA  OC

3 ˆ 3 ˆ5 ˆ ˆ 1 ˆ
 i  k · i  4 j  k  18
2 2 2 2 
cos     
3 90 3 2 90
2
2 4



3

19. Answer (B, C, D)

 0 – c3 c2   1   3 – c1 
iˆ jˆ kˆ   c3
  0 – c1  b2  =  i j k   1– c2 
    ˆ ˆ ˆ 
 – c2 c1 0  b3   –1– c3 

   
 c ×b = a – c ...  i

      
 c × b   b = a  b – c  b = 0
 
 b c = 0

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 211

Again from (i)

     
c × b   c = a  c – c 2 = 0
2    
 c = a c cos  , where  = a ^ c

  
 c  a  c  11

 
Given that a  b = 0  b2 – b3 + 3 = 0

b3 – b2 = 3
Also b2 · b3 > 0

2
Now b = 1+ b22 + b32

= 1 + (b3 – b2)2 + 2b2b3

= 10 + 2b2b3
2 
 b  10  b  10

20. Answer (C)

 
  QR  RP pq sin R
OX  OY    sin(P  Q )
pq pq

21. Answer (A)

cos(P + Q) + cos(Q + R) + cos(R + P) = –(cosP + cosQ + cosR)

3
Maximum value of cosP + cosQ + cosR =
2

3
Hence minimum of –(cosP + cosQ + cosR) = 
2
22. Answer (C)
  
(P) Given, [a b c ]  2
     
Now, V = [2(a  b) 3(b  c ) c  a]
  
= 6[a b c ]2

= 24
  
(Q) Given, [a b c ]  5
     
Now, V = [3(a  b ) b  c 2(c  a)]
     
= 6[a  b b  c c  a]
  
 12[a b c ] = 60

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212 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

 
(R) Given, | a  b |  40

1    
Now, A  | (2a  3b )  (a  b ) |
2
1  
= 5 | a  b |
2

5
=  40
2
= 100
 
(S) Given, | a  b |  30
  
Now, A  | (a  b)  a |
 
= |ab|
= 30
23. Answer (5)
From the given information, it is clear that
 iˆ  2 ˆj   
a  | a |  1, | b |  1, a.b  0
5
     
Now, (2a  b ).[(a  b )  (a  2b )]
       
= (2a  b ).[a2 b  (a.b ).a  2b2 .a  2(b.a ).a ]
   
= [2a  b ].[b  2a ]

= 4a2 + b2

= 4.1 + 1 = 5 [ as a.b  0]
24. Answer (9)
We have
   
r b  c b
   
 (r  c )  b  0
  
 r  c  b,   0
  
 r  c  b
 
Since r  a  0
  
 (c  b )  a  0

 = 4
   
 r .b  (c  4b )  b

= ( 3iˆ  6 jˆ  3kˆ )  ( iˆ  jˆ)

=3+6=9

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 213
25. Answer (3)
     
| a  b |2  | b  c |2  | c  a |2  9
        
 2(| a |2  | b |2  | c |2  a  b  b  c  c. a )  9 …(i)
     
 2(3  a  b  b  c  c  a )  9

      3
 a  b  b  c  c  a   angle between each pair is 120°.
2
           
Now, | 2a  5b  5c |2  4 | a |2 25 | b |2  25 | c |2  20a  b  20a  c  50a  c

20 20 50
= 4  25  25   
2 2 2
= 54 – 10 – 10 – 25
=9
  
 | 2a  5b  5c |  3
26. Answer (5)

Total 8 vectors are shown in the figure.

Total number of vectors = 8C3 = 56
Number of coplaners = 2 × (6 × 2) = 24
56 – 24 = 32  25
27. Answer (4)
      
a  b  b  c  pa  qb  rc

1 1
1
2 2
   2 1 1
Now a b c   1
  2 2
1 1
1
2 2

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 11          
 4 2 2 4 2 4 2

3 1 1 1
   
4 8 8 2
   1
 a b c   
 2
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214 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

     q r
Now, a.(a  b  b  c )  p  
2 2
1 q r
 p 
2 2 2

2p + q + r =  2 ....(i)
     p r
b.(a  b  b  c )   q 
2 2
 p + 2q + r = 0 ....(ii)
     p q
c .(a  b  b  c )    r
2 2

p + q + 2r =  2 ....(iii)
Now,
p = r = –q

1 1
p=r=  ,q= 
2 2

p2  2q 2  r 2
4
q2

28. Answer (3)

    

c  xa  yb  a  b  ...(i)
    

c.a  x  yb.a  a  b .a 
 x = 2cos 
  2   
Also, c.b  xa.b  y b  a  b .b  
 y = 2cos 
Squaring (i);

2  2
c  x2  y 2  a  b

 4 = 8 cos2  + 1
8 cos2  = 3
29. Answer (0.50)
  1 1 1 1 Y
p  SP  iˆ  jˆ  kˆ = (iˆ  jˆ  kˆ ) (0,1,0)Q
2 2 2 2
  1 S T
 1 1 1 (1,1,1)
q  SQ  ( iˆ + ˆj  kˆ ) , ,
 2 2 2 
2 O X
P(1,0,0)
  1
r  SR  ( iˆ  jˆ + kˆ ) R(0, 0, 1)
2 Z
  1
t  ST  (iˆ + ˆj + kˆ )
2

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Solutions of Assignment (Step-3) Vector Algebra 215

iˆ jˆ kˆ
  1 1
pq  1 1 1  (iˆ + jˆ)
4 2
1 1 1

iˆ jˆ kˆ iˆ jˆ kˆ
  1 1 1
r × t  1 1 1  1 1 1  ( iˆ + ˆj )
4 4 2
1 1 1 0 0 2

    1
4
 1
4
1
( p  q )  (r  t )  (iˆ + jˆ)  ( iˆ + jˆ)   2kˆ  kˆ
2

    1
( p  q )  (r  t )   0.50
2
30. Answer (18)
 
a  b 
  
Given  ·c  3 2  a  b  3iˆ  3 jˆ
 |ab| 
     
 
So a  b · a  b  18  | a  b | 9  9  18  3 2

 
 6 + 6 + 3 + 3 = 18 | a | 6, | b | 6
 
  2 a·b  3

   
Now minimum value of c  a  b · c   
   


 a  b  a  b     a  b 


= 2(6) + (3) – 0 + (3) + 2(6) – 0

2 – 2
= 6(2 + 2 + )

 6        
2
 

= 6[4 – (2 – )] (1, 3)

= 6(4 – 2 + 2)

Minimum value of 6(4 –2 + 2) = 6(4 – 2 + 1) = 18

31. Answer (108)
  
 abc  0 ...(i)
     
a a  a b  a c  0
   
a  c  –9 – a  b ...(ii)

and
     
a b  b b  c b  0

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216 Vector Algebra Solutions of Assignment (Step-3)

   
 c  b  –16 – a  b ...(iii)

  
a  c – b   a 
  
 c a – b  a  b
   
a c – a b 3
     
c a – c b 7
     
 7a  b  4a  c  3b  c
     
 7a  b  –36 – 4a  b – 48 – 3a  b
   
 14a  b  –84  a  b  6

 2 2 2  
 
2
 ab  a b – ab = 9(16) – 62 = 144 – 36 = 108

32. Answer (7)

  
Given u v w   2
 
     
u .u u  v u  w
   2      
Also u v w   v  u v  v v  w  2
       
w u w v w w

 
Let u .v  k and substitute rest values, we get

1 K 1
K 1 1 2
1 1 4

 4K2 – 2K = 0
    1
 u .v  0 or u .v 
2
(rejected)
  1
 u .v 
2

 2 1
3u  5 v  9  25  30   49
2
 
 3u  5 v  7



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