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Distributed DBMS_23

The document discusses the sho sot technique, also known as the 'incremental sort', which enhances insertion sorting by dividing the list into smaller sublists that are sorted individually. It also covers various aspects of distributed database management systems, including design, query optimization, transaction management, and the benefits and challenges of distributed databases. Additionally, it highlights important concepts such as data transparency, fragmentation, and the architecture of distributed database systems.

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Rajdip Sinha
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5 views

Distributed DBMS_23

The document discusses the sho sot technique, also known as the 'incremental sort', which enhances insertion sorting by dividing the list into smaller sublists that are sorted individually. It also covers various aspects of distributed database management systems, including design, query optimization, transaction management, and the benefits and challenges of distributed databases. Additionally, it highlights important concepts such as data transparency, fragmentation, and the architecture of distributed database systems.

Uploaded by

Rajdip Sinha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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POPULAR PUBLICATIONS {Explain sho sot technique. ‘MoDeL avEsTION Answer: ‘The sl so, sometimes called the "ining increment Sot” improves on the inserion srt by breaking the igi! ist int a nanber of sal sbi, each of ‘whichis sored sng an ston sot. The uiqu ay th hese ibis re chen is the ey these sort, stead of raking testi subi ofconigues item, i shel sort ss an incemen i, sometimes cals he ap, create asus by coing aliens tar items apart. Tiscan be een in fig. This ist as ine ites Ive sean inemen ofthe, thre ar tre subs, each which fan be soa by an inseron sor. fe ceiling these sors, we get the ist shown in gue. log is Fit sno complly sone, something very reresng has hapened. By sting the subi, we have moved the ems close to whet cally bel, Figure shows final insrion sot sng an increment fon, ater words, a sande inseion ot, ‘Note tht by prooing he exe sist sors, we ave now eed eal mabe of hifi operations necessary to put th st in its inal rd. fis cat, we eed only fur mae ss wo complete the process. nthe way wich thence ae Chosen sie niga tro th sell sor. The finch sot shown below ws fren tof incemens. nis case, we bein wth 2 subi. On the ret pas, 4 sublists ar sored. Evenly, snl sts sored wih tbe bs intone shows te ist subs fr our eample sing is inreen. ] =) |] [ays |=] ae = }o]o [a] [«[s]= | ie ssf] 9) “ceca AGLAW DISTRIBUTED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Introduction 2 Distributed Database Design v7 Distributed Query Optimization 3 Transaction Management a Parallel Database Systems 88 Advanced Topics 1 NOTE: WAKAUT couse sue ard yt of 8” senesterhas ben changed fom 20 DUSTRIBUTED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM has been intosuced as 2 ew bjt present dum. Taig spc care fis mater we ae proving Sapiwsa model questions answer, 0 that sides can get an ea aba erty ues pats POPULAR PUBLICATIONS INTRODUCTION (ine see pe tons] {Cann prem of eging DOM nd cnn DEUS a: NODE, ESTO 2) Dein nap seaman est apna, Des agentaon an gt eno apps €) De cf altaton ot agents an sgn pe abe 48a na ne pe eae 2 The data ctionary tl the DBMS 4} what fle ae nthe database + what attnbutes are possessed bythe data what thes fles contain al ofthese Anoner (4) (WoDEL QUESTION, 5. Which ofthe flowing models i used by dsibe database system? 3) Misrame computing mode MODEL QUESTION ») Disconnected, personal computing mode €) Chen / server computing made 2) ane of these Answer: (0) 4. Which ofthe folowing is nt benefit site autonomy? [MODEL QUESTION] 2), global aalog i ot necessary to aecees eal ata 1) Node can upgrades software independety Administrators can recover rom lated sysem ares independently Nore for backup and recovery Ansmer: (4) DBMS provides beter... Over cntaed DBMS. (MODEL QUESTION] 2) decentralization tuning security transparency Answer: (8) 1. “Fragmentation traneparncy cannot be achieved without lesion transparency" [MODEL QUESTION] 2) Fale )Uoknoen ——€) Noe of these Asner: (0) ppMs2 1. lol Schema Fragmentation Schema and Alcan Sehama rsd in [MODEL QUESTION «oneal the macho sliced ea err fhe ODES Bytes via {jal he machines fb DBMS neon jalltbese awe: () etrogeneu source tds on. elf sgn DENS. . [MODEL QUESTION )sotonup —t)Topdoun Fat None ofthese ase: (0) 4. Theat of dt tantra om asi ove. quesTin ination 8 Block ‘piate ‘fie noe (9) {1 Which ofthe folowing int featur of D0BHS? DEL QUESTION 2k ana 105 transparency 4s tanepareney ‘Ghar aparney noe) 1 A dtodd database has which of he folowing adeatages ovr 2 canta cabs? |woDeL QUESTION} lesa cost Ay otar conplenty json repre moda growth ase (8) 1 An autonomous hmegeneusenvicomet i whch fe flog? MODEL QUESTION 2) the sre DBMS iat each node and each DIS worsindependey the same DBMS is at ach node anda ceia DBMS coordinates database ©) ferent BMS is at each node and each DBMS worts independently 4) a ieret DBMS is teach node ands central BMS coordinates database Amer (a) {8 Aneteogenous dstibutedis whch othe folowing? (MODEL QUESTION] 8) the sume DBMS is used at each locaton and data are rok dsb cos al odes the same DBMS sued at each cation and data ae stbuted aos at odes ©) a ferent DBMS is used at each locaton and dat are ot dtd ‘eros al odes 4) «iret DBMS is ued at each a ach location and data are sated os al nodes Aas) bps utd ua a tog 4) the same DBMS is used at each a ” \anbon mB we cn na ae © Se Bn na dd a ©) 4 teen DBMS i used a ech » ‘sa Aocaton and data are ot eit 1 fret OMS ett arn ane sed a ech cto and data a tbe aoe Answer) ‘6 Whiehof folowing ina afetur of D0BNS (MODEL QUESTION] 1) Fragmentation tansprocy 4 Aloeaonvanpaeney j | 16 Distribute dtabase eystom do not lp ‘o0eL oUESTION, 2) intaconnecton of existing atabase 2) Incremental row ofthe organization ‘} reduction communication overead of geographically stitute eanactons . reduction of te memory requirement of tris dts Answer (6) 1. Topsdown approach othe design of ata tribution i aplzale when 2} we ae developing aya fom sr THODEL QUESTION ‘jas the agrogation existing databases bho these ‘none these Asner (0) ‘8 Dette Systems should (wooeL avesrion, Simeet prescribed time consains alm beter resource sharing Gaim beter ystam uation) aimlow tem vchead Asner) 1. What ie data about data called? [MoDeL aUEsTiON, inte) Dunctalog information) Database Asner (0) {2. Which ofthe folowing features Is (ae) important aspects of x dtibuled babe? MODEL QUESTION] 1) Distbaton 2) Logical eorition Distribution logical corlaion _¢ isjiinss Aasver(6) DpMs4 uBUTHDDATALASAANAGAMENTSISIEN 1 A nce at wo or mae proces ha wane HODEL QUESTION) inn rer cae i nanogento oo cols G motiber yt Distt Data Procasung (071? (oe. VESTN) er am an sng ls don plex pra ag a ab rman me pc Dig succes SS os i Da Posing ening ata proces Carel ten ene matin pone fle as an was A cela 1 sprit eof el over pln ropa ds. ‘oie dt posing em i he adn sshd as ptt roan. Any cod wes el a oe ae al ab oie os creck anna «Sets en tisha ste epi fet te tape oles of are noel hse, nea! cont an ip ante elu of ia fy na colnd dapessing eviwanen, mre ato pc re i esr eis (tt Deol rai) han oa tasison {he aoe shows ow one mace orl fle cs an psn cali syst, Disribation traspareney rage spay 1) Location raspy > Trawacon trasparengy ) erm tanspreey t 4) BMS taspecy Part Netorkiranspareny ‘Accocing oth property, dried ashe must be wrk apart Newer tranartey meas tat 2 wer must be aware at he operat taf the eter: Newark aur is scaly ane of he proper of int! date. cull in disibed tbes when se wan aces ita ani ht ar ids esto se comprise pasty of DBMS pve taf any ther compe writ exis, User ds a nw abou hs ting at fom wre a i coning Network sparen ao mens aig raya ites te eto of ening gum ay worn So se dso iow fm whee the ets fg ar coming a result be coin fo sets oy ter wratatn Here th er ening mesh ir es From oe place tr hen aller wr dest know bo is Repeaton tanspareney ‘top of ach ape can eine ase sis, Dt lion isthe sp proces of didn wich fragments wil be ect. ADISTRIBUTED SYSTEM tien eal DATA REPLICATION oes fut reponse fo ahs 0 ‘ale th system obese 1 fardr erors. Repco wasp she em ted dese the i ha he we snl be nae tired 1 Heeropenos databases: 2 betegenenss DDBMS wes stad at fas two dren DBMS. Hetropes DDOBMSs ald th pole of rusaing betwen he diferent data mods of the ire loal DBMSS tothe comple of homogeneous DDBMSS Fr his esa if the development ofa dsb daub is perma pawn witout x resin, syne, it scone o develop ager stem. Howey as it wise it the previ stn some eases the moan for retina dsb abe is the nce fering several prexising des: in this ase tis ia develo ahterageees DORMS, caobe of bungalow ofthe da. “Ah the probes of etergenenus DDBMSs re very hur and hein ely tatcrpinous DDBMSs ext ony as reser prays, it mast be sl ‘amma all syste provide same der: of sup freon. DpMs.16 ‘DISTRIBUTED DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM DISTRIBUTED DATABASE DESIGN 4. Alaeionprotim ieasir wooeL QUESTION) 2} nedundat ten ‘in noncedundant syste jit atte) stem €) bath (and (6) assert 2. stg means [oDEL QUESTION] 2} espn common dla in one lace ‘heaping ferent ipso tai ilorot places epg erry fain ore pace {taping in aconmon dt nde place Answer) 4. Te horzntal fragmentation of relation cannot be based ona property ofits ssa ates, bts derived rom the orton fragmentation of anther relation al (WOOEL QUESTION) ver 6 deve horizontal fragmentation ‘eho te tlowsngcondons cannot say vet! fagmentation? WODEL QUESTION] ‘ation Comptinen ema «Rebuild Answer) Location ransparency allows fer which ofthe following? (MODEL QUESTION] wert rat uta as tit one locaton ‘programmers to tat th data as ft atom oeaton ‘)maniges fora the dla sis atone eaton aol ese Answer) 4 String a separate copy ofthe database at mip ction i which ofthe faloning? [MODEL QUESTION) 1) data roplcaon porionlparttoning «ore putitoning 4 haizontal and vertical pattoning ‘swe (a) 1 Repeat shuld bo used whan which of te following eas? {HODEL QUESTION] 2) whan wansmission speeds and capa In a natwark prohibit frequent Fefeing forge ables DDMS.17 schoma Sepends ‘oe none ‘a imma MODEL CUESTION ea Das same) Cae ‘8 Lean ranparney can be cmpard wih {Foamy pare ema ee oe TOM Resa araparrey ‘nine ee Aasver i) ‘1. Spttappouch of aria rpmenaon ne wove. avesnow, acme ‘one 7 ‘on tte ‘2 Tomate on dated tm Sid add puoceL, 110 camponent oe ee £0 component aie Aner) "1. Th jie cndion Wot ey flowed MODEL QUESTION ‘tht apeenaton 0) rea Iapnntaton €) mite ragoeration ‘pragma Aner () "4 Locaton dean repens tat (move. cuEsTIOg ‘eae arf ean oh ata Dv. aware fe aon eta unc arava of te pal name of tabs ojcte Rane th above Asner) DpMs.i8 a ces cay core wt Trou an yf tt dts 1} worn ct ad ratty €or con ad raat (ne of tse aver) i SN i a cpt ee oc ance acne Gib ecm vitae ‘tl conc came Loca mapping scons Answer (0) J vrai and erie apmeratons wt saps 1. cus hero, vertical —— Answer ovis Frapmenain: rool fragmento cons of paonng the pes of po elton to as; ice) winds dates, where ul can conan ct tht have corno paraphilia be deine by ars ch agen aa selec pean a the lb oe, sample a ltl eon be SUPPLIER (SHUM, NAME, COT) ‘Ten te brit gent canbe fn in fon wy SUPPLIER * Sty so SUPPLIER SUPPLIER Sky ny SUPPLIER Verte Fragment: The Frc ramet of al oni te subs of tis ino ‘Pou: agents ar bined by projecting the gta relaion over each group. This ‘an cin dtd dashes where ah po aides can ta daha ‘eve oon ognpial props. The agnenaion sce, if ech tris ‘med in tet om abu ofthe agents rao, mtb psi 1 "esc he rig eon ying age gti ual Coie a oe EMP (EMPNUM, NAME, SAL TAX, MORNUM,DEPTNUM) etal pment canbe ines as EMP PY oon aan aru EP EMP Pein at EP Dosis ied Prgms: The fag te ied ye so fapetn ja es eset pose pe fprena sea ei pl eee eis i renin iy hinge en na ‘Example: Consider the sime global relation ee EMP (EMPNUM, NAME, SAL. TAX, MGRNUM, DEPTNUM) ‘The flowing is « mie frgmentation, which is obied by applying the veil fagnenaicn of te previo example, folved by a : tage : «bal fagpentaon on SlocronsyParexioesca crm EMP ShpaarinePl now weaned MP, =SlaenowsPee sue ctscrmatEMP BPs BP Devel fragmetin: Sieh ps of ageing seg elton nal ieamote efi ie gusta oe fap oa fit ie, he eon ove nig te ply ‘lon dais cess a cose In go na any esky rei, er ono refs oat iby wings pay ky efee Se hs eli cryptic ening eye, a is fori keyrlanip wil ao ke wed ig meses oh ab, by cxceiing jn pais ve he ons. Ts meas ht cored ps de oe wil ey ace Ths iso akg ope ate ‘hee no ce onion cis feo pope a tori apnea hat as bean! eo oaths a we ‘ltd sfegne resin secre omen ges Same st Weel ago iatis ye rine Pagact 2 Wats he ita tga? mooe. cuEsTon dase Te dtins my be bon io gal usc gens wc vil be eed Ait ss The singlet gal ns ath wis ets Dat agnosie of in ey i ken wp i many pies Te defngmetatnto st earag Ho neko es och flew ong The we milo ps of aguas. Thy ae Ex Fragen ier Fragen Inte cer agra ep, tt iif soa ie i tay sal pcs Te sone pa of mye i a aie em Tan lek ight reste th cogs ck sec Tee etn Belo MO es fe pc, spt by lected eins lar Alea gated of 10 ye. Infnena rent te spe se iti ole xn need tcc opty, Yr eagle nay lesen, Bs avy Su Be poMs20 DDSTRBUTEDDATARASE MANAGEMENTS tering of sew sings enzo and mas it ex to gr les ay ce ef eve eae te fle efit of te re secs nel agen. 1. What data repcation? Explain wit xa Answer: ‘aa elieaton ithe design roses of deiing wich gents wil be epic. [ADISTRIBUTED SYSTEMfien employs DATA REPLICATION o enue fist eps fom daatses and to ele the ptm to be eset 1 fare eres. Replzatonwangareny isthe te wed o desc th ict that he ser sould be var tht data elise ‘Ney ofeach rpnent canbe mained at ever ses. Dan epost sion ros of dciig which fens wl be replica. Repo, he copying of ‘bin datatses to mui cations sop dsb plats sn ingrtan en ol fr business i baling compattive sic avanags, New replicator fails fom seve vendos are making tis techoogy much more sf a than its ben in he ps. In hs ace we wil go ito enough Bil on Felton fo th eke oust the imgoance of eatin its efits an on ofthe reed chica ses, Wherein or at coping can lex provide ‘oe with cal ad therefore much quicker aces to dat, the challenge is to provide thse copes owes so hat the oe systems ope withthe same itegiy and genet capac thas avaiable with monoiti, cera mode. ar cxample if te sane inventory reco exist to diferentes in C0 ‘erent eons sy New Yrk and Chica, the system needs onset these prot isl v0 ste ast. [MODEL QUESTION 4.) What ae the avarage and disadvantage of repicaton? Whats uy program? Asser: 2) Rplation ithe server process f copying dat dian: fom neato 0 tet. The man chances of epiation which mak it appear: The wit of picnic, not just an indi sq (SQL) statement plated transactions are plied in he sae order a they occur 0 the primary sie ‘The elation syste sable to dt whether never cmecon is temporarily fine wd when te compat saat aain. When a disruption ie tis acu, ‘te elcton proces sr coi futon witout ving be guste, ‘Altogh the repletion seve is perl and ex is vote to ans Aoaber conrbing fcc i tht the scope and compleiy of the daub ‘iniars job expand sigifcamly when repiaion iid. The pv lnkpenfer dat servers ar now chs related because dats replica ben ho, ‘hisfetivly mers tht ted servers hve become oe ae system Ths, aking, daub: alist ob much nore dict [MODEL QUESTION ppMsat rau, Th gum i wie by ae plein pote wih "ume rie esting ss Siar conscus eo rgmenaon? Exp each on (one cuesTiony Correctness Rules of Fragmentation ares aon: 2) Complicity. ta Combos isin Redabtondmnan es CoE Ri teat lan Rs mpd an fg I, Rd an Hen ng jen hud prin aya ape (ssi: rn ey ative rent) * Ferhat fognnatio, da tens pe * Focvericl genta die isan st ‘Ther ae theeypes of dat fragmentation sates: cc ir agmenaton, + Mixed fragmentation scribes the oes of desing were oad. Ds ain storage of dats cpits at mip ses Data replication ers fo the storage . computer ewok, Fragment copies canbe sled a eve es to sere inomain regiments 1.3) What ath fate afotig allocation? by Matis inom raat? ‘aor: 1) The i acing loon a 4+ retire costs ssa omtins 1 evar ply security retin [wooeL QUESTION, Mm ty to Po sil rs fe tin a pe aca ks mpd pt ‘expression sno» cortradction Sipe and need simple peedcaes. NAME Maineraes® AND BUDGET < 20000, NOTIPNAME = "Mainenane”) AND BUDGET < 20000 1.2) Whats vert eluting? 1) Whats pari nin? Asner: 1 Ver csering an atid may be uti in more thn one fans. The ‘oti cutsng cases repcation of sane data elements. The replicon is note aanageous fr he reatendyaplicios than fe he re-write appleatin lathe atest same upd pratima o sever es {WoDEL QUESTION} 9) Ut Ran She wo bso aos Then wie AUS sa ein hoi es tho) = fre R ern §} ‘sian i partial ation on riots only dined for some (compte) ‘ein not arate. | Yat a Miandad Horizon Fragmentation? Explain with an example. ea ‘MODEL QUESTION) Mitel Fragment: The agents that we chine! by the soe fagneation fens ar clin heel, so ht it isp apy the (agua {ferns recusively, provides tha the once coins ve ssid ach ne Retest an bob! by spying he casa here ae Example: Coser the sane gba aon EMP (EMPNUM, NAME, SL. TAX MGRNUM, DEPEND DDMS-23 ‘The following i mined tagnentson, which is obined by apn te vera fagmeatn of he wei ean loved by «banal Eppetin n EMP StoerorPlaeac ta sco irocEMP EMP Sacre? oense seen cenElP ENP, SLaeres Paes nce? EMP = Plena raa ser EMP Mon Frnt: ine again i fp Tah eri es sen oc rates se a ‘oo tin in ab omen pope gape hea eee cares ch fg sci ope ol ein Tatlin SUPPER Mane cm The era again cn in gy SUPPLIER = Slay on° SUPPLIER i SUPPLIER Sho SUPPLE 10. Exphin dierent types of trgmentaton indicating thee sdvatage and erage [MODEL QUESTION, Fron ct ep: il ein nd yl oman ‘horizontal and vertical), ee ‘In vertical fragmentation, the fields o columns ofa table are grouped ino fragments. Inet mal rent fap ea a ics) ofthe table. a Cea Ves gman wel nee piney For example, let ws comider hata Usiveity date hp nk fl registered ste ina tude able having he fling sche, STUDENT Now, the Fes eas ar mained i the accumsan wil eget dass ls; (CREATE TABLE STD_FEBS AS SELECT Hero, Fees orioatal fragmentation gps he ples of table in acre vas foe ot mre elds orzo renin sould i coin to thee of camer DoMs24 ISTHBUTEDDATALASEMANAGEMENTSISTN age mat ash igus ao set sen a el ke of oe Se Porte nes be mand atthe Sha of Camper Sse, thn he dsl Fennel Fragen te abe 5 ows: (HEAT COMP_STD AS sect * fragmeataine, + combiaon of boa and veal fagmetsin “Ths te most leble agmenatn teiqsice i ene afrnaton Hower, costa of he nia tn bi echoes ae we ‘apm with nina eta eon an exes ak emg eee be ie fw, iy i ico el veal ith ns eat esi enya omc tid Diatranagesof Fragmentation Whe ta ro feet gens are eid te acess sds may DE ve) “ «tani apn ei tein il ee tebe + Lack kap copes of ti et ses may ender the database inet incae ofl ofasie, ‘Long Anawer Type Questions, 1.2) Comair th schama SUPPLIER (SNO, NAME, CITY) and SUPPLY (SMO, PNO, NO, QUAN) and the following ransacton: aad ty, $0) Set Nan into Same From SUPPLIER, SUPPLY ‘Whe SUPPLIER SHO = SUPPLY.SNO AND SUPPLY PNO = No Wt ty, shame) What isthe level of transparency of the above transaction and why? 1) Discuss. best approach for'2-nonvepleaed allcaion of hovers ‘ragmenton. €) One any dracon fl sytam provi the nator transparency? Mes, explain Pro te ansparecy is ahieved. iiasna his ae scien for mst quis sce dat is vy fhe dbase ppMsas POPMARPUBLCATIONS, Wt so comp tet pd opto a tad dane {rita En Whe pol wpe ine one UesTON ‘he pac agent umes ra lcaons Petite ed Gr aco ie, he sine ais singe met i" iC Risch mee i asocne ich pub aloo ane a ihn emus se. Replon inser comply ine dpe } (Rake oteon of ech gnebecmesx r f e pben, 2 Mag real pls is coapiabye fct eplctoncn se nt sel herve sis fo sesingfognes Far darn te Fata agra cho ewe role wet 1) Datei te set of al sits whe te bio lain oe apy fants big eo meet 5) ec acn lel pole, nae rps aig fom emo rectory fle em, npr ines te pcs: ning premiere Nari an important rl in distribu fle yes. A decoy fe syste ssid 1 vie ane nsec iit sais the flog te rans. Fl, uy Alessi om any sation. Seon he se rane i wed avery lin And thi float isnot eet inte pane. 4 prvi tbo spe upton ris wae poten or cmple inp he peso alls dati Cas wat apes th CITY abt ofa pes if Cely. om ene ago ate. Marr in ou cane raion wich fre sane sph elton bas adv agen, 1s nly mola rn yt oe ert saat cape Cm ee aca e dit dey oh a pemtny o h ‘econ cp ec te | ee ie te DET Tee cg ef i ie te es sake TN ce 1 ag un ta ai ty a By bt wt FMP, A ue cn nig Ca semaine Te oot eae een at rr seein hd gy ec aru hea oe ee ore in te Be ist gone lt Se scares isn of nos DEP ue 1 tga Tete gig DEPT ts ig Soins fee lisoure es 2h hi gars ata be gay wet pea bigi so Pps om meri ineith er et or e eal ae “ragments, bu the pl as so been composed in a flee way (Ace ogni pain ee ron EMP pMs27 CT) AEH (pag DENN ego 1) va 2 Dicuss best, wl bone st and qdiona bent hoa Wal We stay fo — tragmen, ‘(MODEL QUESTION) Aes, approwch: {has i atl ow many ce ae ps Betta whore Auten of acai ke the umber of access mayank apne "hese wth retest a selected he age Whence approah "he pes of ie ease by the bei of te lea ace he os feo ie aces BY Mu OXS Sov f wha {the gan of aplton a ite) ‘th mtr fed aces eo apn ig th unter of pie cess fram apt ko agit (paca ative he read Addional epic on approach este cots inven Ba call relly fcr i conan te mene to, This ctr ines with be incrensing ube plo, 4,4) Cons he two ration sehomas PAY « (TLE, SAL) and EMP (E40, NAME, TTLE and whore ownar()» PAY and menor.» EMP a Lith ik batwoon het rltion schemas. etn» died horton fragmentation on EMP witht predates SAL <= 20000 and SAL.» 2080, ‘| Wate he BEA igor for vrtial ragmentain. 6} isu“ bn stes” and “dina ropeaon matador plated lation of orton gman. [WoDEL aUESTION) ‘Mort AANASE MANAGES. ANecan god i 2p nig hy HOD a> 10 Te apes fo EM aid UMP) « EMP « PAY, MEN PAY bee PAY,“ aamnnlAY) PAY, "OhasimmalPAY) nd ee Alpin (A) hs bn a ring tes EA fad ei ot i au tt et tiny ee AM) ini {AM =) any oA a thi ion) Aap The A mai Ong The ctr any mats CA wh apt of AA 1 Inala: Picea! xo oft coins of AA in CA. 2 Hern Plice reining cols the ering 1 po in th CA ‘li, Fc ech lun, choose the placement ht makes he mot conto ‘he hl afinty mene Raw eer Orr hows acon oth cola ring «) Albee sites = nin prc the et ofa ses whe the ee ofl fone coy ofthe aga shir thao, an allan copy of rpm tac onc of his ‘Adlai replaon — Deomine be wlan of the nnreplat pobem. ‘rps iro liad opis ating fom test nite proces is ‘etd wh abo replaion benef “te short nots on he ooo [woo auesTiON) 4) era and der ragmettion 1) Fragmentation Arve: 2) Veta an derived fragmenta: ‘reat Fragmentation: ana fapnenton consis of prion the pes «fae eae obs hss ely fn stb anes, whee ach ‘nan ain da fav conn gop poprts can Be dfn by ‘ering eh cage seltion pon nth phar. ampli lane SUPPLIER SUN. ae crm DDMS.29 Vertical ry pn PE 5 ha eis ewes of tis ino ps iret Plc te ps nena This incensed popstar ae Ra sm0on pool pepe The ape icons atts ‘appeals oe abe of ms more, i mat be posite Tampines Example: Coser a ltl ance EMP (EMPNUM, NAME, SAL, TAX, MGR DEPTNUM) Aerial Fagen fi sone be aes oe PACD! seve seen aren EMP EPP vac sui EM >) Fragmentation: inet i «pce of ving wile o i abs ino varios sb race tht at es en es, The smal pices fh a cle apm Thee ent ea op daa wits and int is 6 caledragmenatin Independence or ne ee $y fragenation ‘rawparen. Advantage: * Aste dt is sted seo he wage i, the etcieny ofthe dautase system willinceas + Local query opinion valle local * gee mini te suri 0 pray of te tte se, agmeion ‘sahanagrous, Disadvantages: {62s Pe ny be vey hgh da fom dict agents we nde * Mireur ning ean fagneiion teat wile ey epee, Imtods ae scien fr some ues the dt is aplication of atibues voles which of the following conditions 1 ” wooe ae concn ‘ious ean pond al sas) npn (=> opera 2m ay oe ig si Sta cane Humes our ‘nae ung nae ase) Toph cnn potato one vEsTon a arene et _D) integrity control seein rtenicy ore) icin ve or move. qvesTon Sica cr 2 hey cone dow rtendicy se rain desma bon we cled—_(UODEL QUESTION “Sein yk age hatin “Answer: (b) Hooe. a leotan a en LL ‘Answer: (b) "ino my wt rom and ti can be rt? aint atm aint unt! sme) Suton oueston Sane may ces Mone. i adnamatean Tajo aioe nl tote (0,0) an dame) DDMS31 94,8, Cie aot of tbutes. The functional dopendeney i allows: ABYBAC CCB a INF byinin NF aisinanF sin BNF 0, What is tho maximum numberof functional dependencies (vl and non: svi fa elation Ro ogre? [MODEL QUESTION] an CY al at Answer: None ofthe is(2-I} 11, daterminaton of consistent view of th network asthe same company Sater ire? a te aueinon 6 eatle 12. Soin is required to [MODEL avEsTIN) 2) reduce network tle raced mana wae incase peed ‘noe thse ri) 1 Which ofthe fotoning is not amcuocy onl? MODEL QUESTION] 1) read phase bj verieaton phase «)valdtin pl 1 we pase ‘Answer (0) ‘4. voile shud ae {WOOEL QUESTION) 1) produces sime rest ab all posible sual schedules of partici Arasactions 1b) produces same revi ial schedule of partial ransactons 1} produces same rev at a concuret schedule of parang tranaiclons 4) insane Answer: (0) sara sched of parting transactions 15. Ase jin i whieh ofthe following? |oDeL avEsTION) 1) ony the ing atic aro svt rom one ate to ane and thon alo the rows rue 1) sof he ates ae san fom one ste lo actor ad then ony he requ roms ar retuned only tho fling tbe ao san om on ito anther ant thon ony the requred ows are retuned 4 the ates are sot rom one soto anti and then on the equ rows aerated Answer) Doms. SSIBRUTEDDATANASE MANAGEMENT SISTEM 16. [Pi] one. avEsTION) a[rsta) [rasa ang) 04,84 0tey] [rok] “pase: (6) 1 Aetna i MODEL aUESTION) ‘leleinapedvace sca) moor vchana Cle dependence shana pon alte soe () 18.0960 sands or wove quesnon) 2} tbe wat er gph 1) Domain window Fel Gateway {} Dated who Foard Graph) on ol se ‘Answer (a) {8.Mle ote foovieg apa antl procs? EL QUESTION) ‘}O4bibaed 2. 1) aed pte 6) Majority locking Mol thee anor (9) 10. fe fev i RMA protest |oDeL QUESTION ‘Paar cop 27 by Mj in ¢jOmbed Conralesa7t ‘Anse (6) 21, he of he foowing option contig? (woe. QUESTION ‘Rouse jr Road tern) All tho Answer: () 12.1 lated est has n tes, ttt numberof message transfer io conrad 2.6 [MODEL QUESTION 126 by 92 as ‘a 5n Answer: () 1. Whe of he flling rlrs tthe operon of copying and malntasng ‘tabi object in mig database belngiag oa dated syste? {MODEL QUESTION Le tien eereate einen wom) 1A. Wich ofthe flowing i th rocovry management aceiqu or dtibtod ten? |ODeL avesTION) 2) Ofer update immediate update )Twophase commit None ol ace ‘Arse: () DDMS.33 (FOPULAR ULICATOND 21. Loca autonomy el wary vb proceed local oc dal Wl acetyl ony MA 1s tory of cal dla euch tesa OMS nk own gh ve (i) (oDeL queso) 26, Oatabne rfl cats ‘ard Wot none) wore ues dnd tnt Gael! {ata cts of Dt Gy Pena? MODEL QUESTO Aver Objet ot Distt Query roe. "hemi cece of ay presi ine ttl eve rm Al aya dias, ih ge by the wr, no an fic exc stn ina ow eel angi ae ay xe aan ‘A ng ut of gary pceig i guy opinion, Haase muy ‘ceo sae crt frat of he ne bigh kel uy he et optinie (nize conan shad been 3, Theol menue of rsouce compton ae |) heat coh willbe ced in resig hq isthe ame oa tes nae in proces th pers of he gay vain es and inn cma 1) The eo tne of he ue, This is he tne eyed fr xing te ‘ne Sie pons canbe cain le a dre se te pone ‘i ory ay be spl kes tha ct 4. Wa dtd pte, cost be isinizd nls CPU, 10, nd xno oss This scan be iin by eng he be 10 perin thegh fist aces mc © the dian eck we a min ‘ny. The oman ct the ie ede fr exci he a ‘ete slicing intext fh guy 2. Wado you mt by Quy Pacing? Wie doen chris of tenn mer eso {MODEL QUESTION] same MPa: ‘Query Poe ise in te itl Dat St tht pes ak pd ge ccna is ‘based on the Sy ig es a iin | ee ome ec ee) Ops tid pe tart ‘haart of Query Pracesons langues ual nga cn bean aga ces pt hg ‘ea enw cmap) he PS ak tive mapa langae np ane. ‘ype pinta neal Near lngge spin epee he xo ty. Thera yng x wan ce eg ate seh oy tonbig be minis sie of nome wltis). For dbs Ais eno ne pio ee data tne ‘aio + Fg sie {Sand umber fie vas fr exh ati. Dei htop of rhe vals bts sian Ds ies One res rcpt sein of we. toate py Wiesner common Lala io pl xan api fp agents "Laermer ofp eps + Useot Semi, 1 Ree eof i ae, © cae of mags el posing 3 Wt ing? What tsa and ee hs? iy docs protein lation to sued database stn Testy nor: Any Dae management syste wheter iis disibtdecenali tiies focks ‘a poide cncumey cont Common ssf leks we to ens th ny one we can my areca ime und tht a camo be read wile i ising mod. Locking mechan befor at he row, bie or gee Thar are two melanins fe lacking ua i 4 aseptic lckin, and opinisic locking, DISBUTEDDATALSE MANAGEMENT SISTEM ea in of two relations R and S és denowed as R % S where F is «formula which hee aay predicate, and is derived from the projection of all atributes ofthe Fit Stee Seceteem teammate | yletietan atten we Schnurr eta | SU Rt oti bn he iy oms an exci leckora shalt el pein pono al bes of ei opr lain ara ‘Shared soho Tes ofthe ean rl fei open is an tat of it er in Tele, the eran of Seni in opi iene. Nt hat Ata! craves oj ea semi 8 not commutative, ic. Process, ae a is ‘the: fected i rte ne ann Ta an eee ‘synchronous point. ween the time that are is read and th nen eg ci ie; |e prevent the objet fom changing while the lock plea shad lock on the sme objec emais. Moe han ne progam can 2 rane ‘The ciples ein he dine apn hee ist xh ncn sgn sump wed desi te selon ee Two rimay nets edo era wie stan, nie ane is Gabe. a Ge cna che, a Single st i che fr Gang Aimestangs. Th site can ell com tom el dd ris pps Inte dsr shen, a siege iq al pe stamp tee 0 logical counter or the local clock: The global unique tinestnp is obind by conan of hung al pe san wih hs ei wh sa unig, West ste nif ele pian postin xe a et ‘imstanps gett neste at ava pear tn fos pr a ne sie We may il hv prlen ifone st ers al isang a ise ra an docs hte St ch caste ttle come de age a at of te sis. Therefore. estan pee by he at te wl be ep tan the perder sis. A echissedelea hte istng ar peat iy asthe sem. To scp te i ean isan, we die wit ach te 5,3 kp chek (LC) hich pes he iba Siestan. To ci a te is gl cs escheat Se ada pal dock wire taco Twit mesa > iss thts eis earth te caren vale of L, hiss § ass ‘Thema jin of the wo als en by ae m pals fh cto rae These ol Emly and department ise by loge cock tae. is 4. at av te tence bites sen join and atl en? Ein ith [Rint pte tramp Sew colon et Comme, oe dues fas a Aamer joe pte The Nt i ore Rn Si efi x RDS ian aii wich 2 tts with te same ames inthe elation compared. DpMs7 DDMS-36 OPuLARpuBLicATIONS 5. Consider the fllonng PROJECT relation. Thi elation fag ino tages anny Pan Pgs [sooe cuesTon bw [810 | PYRE —T plese Pent |ett—|-omEOPRENT| “pen por|~ abs | Devetopiew | Pe Pees [ Evie pevLoPhew— [Eee ; oo [ent [- wanes |p one sonoma PROIECT, Prope Sher concen ee ges” ne PRET hone : Plemn Paeny [nN FE | ~poase A [me \ ns vitonant-| rons | woe evezonent-| ro Per enosecn, 780 TNO TE TBC 7a foe | iranrexce—|— "re 6. Yai ae aos? [No0e.auesTOn, dame Sipose machine A fas proces P, which hols the soe Sand wan resource, hich ished PI. Tele ggho is sho in Fg bel, Off] 7 { b) q j “Anae mcine,mactneB, has a pees PD which i hg rescue and wats sou S sel paph shown belo. E-0) ] DpMs38 (ee aio a i pnt en cde oe ‘are no cycles and hence no deadlock. Now two events sin eR che Bi rcuet .To mens solr: Shy eg esa foe gear aT ee sid ae pt et oe eae i ser wad theese ii ew ede Sion ston ede 4-6 ! oe ign ll ay ic i we Lanpts pin inp bl i ‘ti ni nepal, ince mci akg cert ray le eage xh chwl aren wih ert lene nea 04 mp sawn Soop ee roma 1. Opin th ftining ery: [MODEL QuEsTION] st eta hat are for ret along wit the coreapening branch deta. ‘We he SGL. White the carespondngrelabonalagtbralc exresson. Than prize he any a aver SELECT * FROM BRANCH PROPERTY p Tao WHERE Bach No =p Bich No, =3 and ras uty graph Answer: The qc gh oft twig guy Select Ee, Res fom Ep, Asp Po where Emp Eno = sg Eo and Puane=“CADICAM™ and D> =36 (WoDeL auesTION] DDMS-40 ofthe employee whose salary ae less than iceman teeter aon ae etetn et opie i te ight a. Sa pare sm i) ti ey i ET cn Tw an esc wit ajo Now we can merge the nodes. Coresponding othe yet ing othe joi; we came to the pera erent te allwing bergen Gene EMP, DEPT) Wee be poe R-(oR) +R (¢) Finally we idempotence wo the shasta a8 bE ea aeee peg ‘operator te offi, (0). c eof fg DDMS41 a i | I Bn if aN lm ai or | Be I Lt 1. ae See sees eer ae eee nares aes basco a BS acta Pence eee Se meee : Sanaa Bre case cae ae ae ee lock may cue ter tants ht have aces the lake aie a abt wel 12. ti} [84]2[25:4, AND, 100]. es {Moves cvesnon Sided fom pei tin [reas [8:46] > Pay Ra) 18) Fay 54,804, BOF) [Pag ,5)40 AND, AND] 1,S:4y AND¢, AND F] nlite Sn ita be shown tis equ. ves tae estan ob the ini wl so ‘Epa te igifeance ofthe sotin program in cota fF dermeneqiin RIN S whe A aad B aris (me sees) ox and, he sei progam itive by SIN pa (RSS oa25) ring Sil camp 3s cs coe Rnd See ts AaB ral 9 RAN, S. Assume tat Red {pete 5 (RSD .S)IN, 5 dis ean 0 RIN 1 alla ses 2d, especvely. Tes performing te smo progam join program andi cored: 1 enfin Ps (8) ste rac GoGo) ss) 2. Camping ioc ta al ost et F=RSI,,§ 3 Sending Ft ot G+Cjni scat) 4 Compatig be inon saa est Teel ets Gg=24C, 4») +i ()scard() Senin nse ncn he the sein rogan ($81 A)IN Khas ‘era cst Conan tin os es th poble of tering he tin ‘erin open arte janet RS Notc at he wo prograsp reals ic a ala! on ie tes, hs, he psle cece ines in te ‘nisin ees ao habe le esdetion Nore sine ei the emo programs praise iret 0 thee fina query resin ct, hich nnn exited i prov emus. The ot of wing ji gery renin ht of rniting ne ofthe er eit oe ero I we peti oe 4, theamepndig cox is 6q26, + sin Rcd) Canpig Cy Cy, a prams rae 462 +i em) scl) Imma cas the abve nea hols, becasesin(8) and val) ae smal ile cr) seth ci) Expain te trent between the tems “deadlock prevention” and “Seadock a [MODEL QUESTION, ‘none: Deadlock Prevention: + Preveing denials by constinng how equ fo esouces can be made in these and how they aed ystem dsp). * Repeat tet fe ey ones ed canner bald Deadlock Avidance ‘+ The system dynamically conser every request and decides whether itis safe to zat pin, +The system requires atonal formation rating th over len ex of cach resource for ach procs. 4+ Allows more concureny. 15. White down the oer optimization alge of NTEGERS. Aner ih eae “Algrti: ie§ QR Taput RO: eli quer ‘Output esto east tation query tein och detachable ORO MRO da (ORO s mootaton gun) rae(OR) MRQ_list-REDUCE(MRQ) (MQ rep. Byn inedible urs} ile n20 do ——_(risthe amber ofiredcible qs} (chose next inedible query involving theses agents) [MR «SELECT. QUERY (407s (etcmie meats to tasfer and processing sit fr MR’) Fragment sitet SELECT STRATEGY (AAQ’} (move te selected ramen the select sites) Ipoh par F.3d ‘moe Fagnent Ft sie S crecte MAY’ nen-l {oupt isthe est f east MRC) end DpMs-44 ‘DSTRIBUTED DATABASE MANAGEMENTSISIEN ‘6 Explain tite quer opiniztin [love avEsTION| Danted gory opinion refers wo te ross of predcing a pan for the prossing of guy toa tite dae syrem. The pai alld. oe ‘aeuion pln. nadie utc stem schema and quis eto logical wis fda. na elina irbted oe date syste fr itn lg nis of ‘ta ae ens, Thee wits may be Frgmened at the anerhng physical level The Faget, bich an be rendat and epic, ae allo oer datas seneninbe darted sem tan iP a sad acre ato itis scan asta St. nbn son sate St Domi Set iey cats unr cto Set Wai alps ol ot ot tos tp tre tales ‘Baestiont: STR) RWW.) 52; Fo) ie) in Uw) ‘31: RA), 1 S2:W0) a(n) 2) Wit) Execution 4; ST RORWMGH 52: 2) R, (Ry) () ey ‘Slay init ata: Tecate en ees went Se The feet race etree leer aac oa ced soe ened somes Fa, osm tf healed 1,52. Se Wp re ne ed nc techno enn lel ehh eae Hwee be ii of lal seh met ee ts eee atest acted ieee Cone ep b evng i, Site) (08 0,0) $2462}: 0,0) ROH 0) MODEL QUESTION] DpMs4s ‘POPULAR PUICATIONS T, ch tha 7,

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