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Glycemia

Glycemia refers to the level of glucose in the blood, with normal values ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 g.L-1, while hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia indicate low and high glucose levels, respectively. The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating glycemia through the secretion of insulin and glucagon, which work oppositely to maintain blood glucose levels after meals and during fasting. Diabetes is a condition characterized by chronically high blood sugar levels, which can lead to serious health complications, and it can be classified into type 1, where insulin production is absent, and type 2, where insulin is insufficient or ineffective.

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Glycemia

Glycemia refers to the level of glucose in the blood, with normal values ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 g.L-1, while hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia indicate low and high glucose levels, respectively. The pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating glycemia through the secretion of insulin and glucagon, which work oppositely to maintain blood glucose levels after meals and during fasting. Diabetes is a condition characterized by chronically high blood sugar levels, which can lead to serious health complications, and it can be classified into type 1, where insulin production is absent, and type 2, where insulin is insufficient or ineffective.

Uploaded by

majdi.abuheit123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LIVER AND REGULATION

OF GLYCEMIA
ACTIVITY 2 P 130-131
What is Glycemia?
Glycemia is the level of glucose in blood.
The value of glycemia is a constant that ranges
between 0.7 and 1.2 g.L-1.

Hypoglycemia
(the level of glucose in blood is less than 0.7 g.L-1)

Glycemia

Hyperglycemia
(the level of glucose in blood is more than 1.2 g.L-1)
▪ The body digests carbohydrates into glucose, which will be
used by the cells to produce energy.

▪ Excess glucose will be stored as glycogen in the muscles and


in the liver.
ROLE OF PANCREAS

• The pancreas secretes the hormones


insulin and glucagon.
▪ These hormones regulate the level of
glucose in blood.
▪ Insulin and glucagon work opposite
to each other.
AFTER A MEAL RICH IN GLUCOSE

• When the level of glucose in blood is


HIGH (hyperglycemia), the pancreas
secretes insulin into the blood. Insulin
stimulates glycogenesis by storing
excess glucose as glycogen in the liver.
Insulin also facilitates the uptake of
glucose into muscle cells.
AFTER FASTING FOR A PERIOD OF TIME

• When the level of glucose in blood is


LOW (hypoglycemia), the pancreas
secretes glucagon into the blood.
Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis by
breaking down glycogen into glucose.
Glucose is then liberated into the blood
in order to achieve a constant blood
glucose level
ROLE OF INSULIN AND GLUCAGON

• Insulin helps control blood glucose levels • Glucagon's role in the body is to
by signaling the liver and muscle cells to prevent blood glucose levels dropping
take in glucose from the blood. Insulin too low. To do this, it acts on the liver in
therefore helps cells to take in glucose several ways: It stimulates the conversion
to be used for energy. If the body has of stored glycogen (stored in the liver)
sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to glucose, which can be released into
to take up glucose and store it as the bloodstream. This process is called
glycogen. This called glycogenesis . glycogenolysis.
DIABETES

• Diabetes is a disease that occurs when


your blood glucose, also called blood sugar,
is too high.
• The excess blood sugar in diabetes can
wreak havoc on blood vessels all over the
body and cause complications. It can
severely damage the eyes, kidneys, nerves,
and other body parts; cause sexual
problems; and double the risk of heart
attack and stroke.
DIABETES

• Diabetes type I:
Your body attacks the cells in your
pancreas which means it cannot make any
insulin.
• Diabetes type 2:
Your body is unable to make enough
insulin or the insulin you do make doesn’t
work properly.

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