045 A002 & test cope 02212020 if FORM TP 02025196 MAY/JUNE 2025 - CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION® CHEMISTRY UNIT 2 ~ Paper 02 2 hours 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. | 1. This paper consists of THREE questions. Answer ALL questions, Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 3. Do NOT write in the margins 4. Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet. 5. Adata booklet is provided. 6. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions. 7. _ If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet, Remember to draw a line through your original answer. 8. If you use the extra page(s), you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the question part beside the answer. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. —_.. Copyright © 2024 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. L 02212020/MI/CAPE 2025 {ON 0,0 0 8 =i] se04s no02 r “ 1 Answer ALL questions, MODULE 1: THE CHEMISTRY OF CARBON COMPOUNDS 1. Figure 1 shows Compound A and Compound B which are two possible isomers of C,H,, ‘Compound A ‘Compound B Figure 1. Isomers of C,H, (a) ()_ Name EACH of the following compounds in Figure 1. ‘Compound A Compound B [2 marks} (ii) Define the term ‘structural isomerism’. (iii) State the type of structural isomerism present in Compound A. [1 mark] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 Le eee reTECRE reg rug ture csecegt egecceeCugoraTO TET TERETE eae4 (iv) Describe TWO types of structural isomerism other than the one given in (a) (iii). Draw examples of displayed structures of EACH type. Type 1 EES Ee RN aS ee 045 Type 2 [4 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 L (0000.0 00 | EE45 ‘A002 -6- : (b) Another hydrocarbon, having molecular formula C,H,, undergoes oxidation reaction Ee with hot acidified KMnO, to form two products, R and S. The products were subjected g to analysis as seen in the Table I. 2 ‘ ‘TABLE 1: EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCT R AND PRODUCT S 3 Test Observation Inference E Product R d (i) PCL, was added to Product R. | Dense white fumes were a observed. : : B (1 (i) Blue litmus was placed in Product R. 1) 1) Product § was divided into two portions, (ii) To the first portion of Product Ketone or aldehyde is i S, 2,4 DNPH was added present. (1) (i) Tothe second portion of [No observable change was Product S,a small amount | seen ora bluecolour remains. of Benedict’s solution was added. ul (i) Complete Table 1 by inserting the appropriate observations and inferences in the spaces provided. [5 marks] Gi) Based on the observations and inferences, (i)to (iv) in Table |, prediet the funetional groups for Product R and Product S. Product R Product S ie [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 | inne RLEN Ipes . 7 ii) Draw the DISPLAYED structure of either Product R or Product $ which is formed from the oxidation of the hydrocarbon. publics ioasanrsniict ‘045. [1 mark] i (iv) Name and draw the displayed structure of the hydrocarbon C,H,, that was oxidized. [2 marks] | GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 L ae aha (©) Figure 2 shows a diagram ofa polymer. Polymers play & crucial role by providing basic structural materials and participating in vital life processes in organisms. Cc I BX ZN ON ON vee oo Figure 2. Diagram of polymer (_Deduce the monomer used to form the polymer in Figure 2. [mark] (i) Using the diagram in Figure 2 and your response from (c) (i), explain how addition polymers are formed. ‘A002 [2 marks} (ii) ldentfy the reagent(s) used and deseribe the colour changes expected in order to istinguish the polymer from the monomer. [3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 L. gu re ee RE TATE eraBlessed Hee ea sea amr Re 045 iMunemeemmeriteieaua tis tieaiecase hier erste g 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 20 0 (iv) State TWO characteristics of condensation polymers. [2 marks} (¥) Condensation polymers may be classified based on the type of linkage present. List THREE examples of condensation polymers. [3 marks] Total 30 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE za04s 002 [eo -10- ~] MODULE 2: ANALYTICAL METHODS AND SEPARATION TECHNIQUES 2. (a) _ Electromagnetic radiation consists of waves that have electrical and magnetic properties. There are differenttypes of radiation, Draw a diagram to show the approximate wavelength ranges of any THREE types of radiation which are found in the electromagnetic spectrum. [3 marks} (6) The energy of an electronic transition has a frequeney of 1.01 x 10" Hz, Calculate the energy of the radiation emitted. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, | 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 LLlee -- el (©) Figure 3 shows the electronic transitions within a molecule. Some compounds absorb UV/VIS radiation, resulting in electronic transitions within the molecule. Electronic Energy Level et a ete to * (anti-bonding) ——___ *(anti-bonding) Energy | _________n (non-bonding) (bonding) (bonding) Hina Mannan variate eed ae tees Figure 3, Electronic transitions : On Figure 3, draw the possible transitions associated with the absorption in this UV/VIS 2 region of the spectrum. [3 marks] (4) An experiment is carried out to determine the concentration of Cu** ions in a sample of well water. A measured volume of the water is treated with excess ammonia and a sample of the resultant solution was analysed in a cuvette, of side | cm, at a wavelength of 615 nm in a UV/VIS spectrophotometer. (i) State what would be observed when the ammonia is added. [1 mark] (ii) Give the reason why the wavelength of 615 nm was chosen. [1 mark] (iii) Describe how a calibration curve can be made and used in the analysis process. “[3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025E -12- 7] (©) Anaqueous solution of Cu* ions at a concentration of 2.5 x 10° g dm* was analysed using a cuvette of path length 1 cm, ina UV/VIS spectrophotometer. () Calculate the concentration of the known Cu ions, in mol/dm’. [3 marks] Gi) Applying Beer-Lambert’s law, calculate the molar absorptivity using the stated absorbance value. [3 marks] ‘Awell water sample containing Cu** ions was also analyzed using the same cell of path length 1 cm under the same conditions in the spectrophotometer. The absorbance was 0.350. 002 Calculate the concentration of the Cu* ions in this sample. [1 mark] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, i | 02212020/MI/CAPE 2025 i: ie6 “9 al () Outline the steps in analysing a sample using UV/VIS spectroscopy. ‘045 (8) Explain the principles of infrared spectroscopy. ‘Ange GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a _! 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 L be45, Aone E “ fl (h) Figure 4 shows a diagram of Compound D which has the molecular formula C.H,O- Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the structure of Compound D. Figure 4. Diagram of Compound D () Compound D exhibits characteristic absorption wave numbers 1695 env’ and 1619 cm in the infrared spectrum. Indicate the functional groups responsible for these absorptions. [2 marks] (i) Indicate TWO types of vibrations that could be exhibited by Compound D. “2 marks} Total 30 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, = 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 Lr vs 7 MODULE 3: INDUSTRY AND THE ENVIRONMENT 3 (@)_List FOUR factors that must be considered with respect to the location of an industrial 1 plant. 2 marks} SRLS Ha ee ee (©) @_ Sulfuric acid is one of the world’s most important industrial chemicals. With the aid of equations, outline the first TWO steps in the Contact process. / i 5 ince mene eae Gi) Give an example of the use of an oxide of sulfur in the food industry. State TWO environmental concerns associated with sulfur dioxide, GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 L ane eeAoa2 fe “6: 1 (© @ Bauxite ore is a mixture of aluminium oxide and other oxides. With the aid of balanced equations, briefly explain how aluminium oxide is separated from bauxite ore. {7 marks] Gi) Aluminium oxide is electrolysed to obtain aluminium (smelting). Write the main reactions occurring at the anode and cathode. [4 marks} (iii) Describe any ONE impact of the production of alumina on the environment. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE wun | 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025, L gag' Mua ta encanta: r ” a (Oxides of nitrogen are collectively called NO, and are produced when fossil fuels are burnt in air in combustion engines. Write the equations that show the formation of these oxides. [2 marks] (©) Nitrates and phosphates are common pollutants in water. The cadmium reduction method isa standard method used in the determination of nitrates in industrial laboratories, (Describe a qualitative chemical test that can be used in school laboratories to detect the presence of aqueous nitrate ions, [2 marks} (ii) Compared to the cadmium reduction method, state, with reason, whether the method suggested in (e) (i) is suitable for the determination of nitrate ions as a pollutant in water samples. [2 marks] (iii) Name the reagent that can be used in school laboratories to detect the presence of phosphate ions. : ey mark] Total 30 marks END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 L HOH = be045 ‘Aone r “ 7 EXTRA SPACE Ifyou use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided. Question No. 02212020/MJ/CAPE 2025 i gu =I