Industrial Internship Report

I2E Consulting Pvt. Ltd.

Submitted by

AYUSH RAMAN
12102120601008

In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE(AI) AND DATA SCIENCE

A.D. PATEL INSITITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University,

Vallabh Vidyanagar - 388120
May, 2025
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ayush Raman(12102120601008) has submitted the Industrial

Internship report based on internship undergone at I2E Consulting Pvt Ltd for a period

of 16 weeks from 14.01.2025 to 03.05.2025 in partial fulfilment for the degree of

Bachelor of Technology in Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, A.D. Patel

Institute of Technology at The Charutar Vidya Mandal (CVM) University, Vallabh

Vidyanagar during the academic year 2024 – 25.

Dr. D.J. Prajapati Dr. D.J. Prajapati

bInternal Guide Head of AI & DS Department

i
COMPANY CERIFICATE

ii
NO CODE AND NO DATABASE CERTIFICATE

iii
 DECLARATION

I, Ayush Raman (12102120601008), hereby declare that the Industrial Internship report

submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Artificial

Intelligence and Data Science, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology The Charutar Vidya

Mandal (CVM) University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, is a Bonafide record of work carried

out by me at I2E Consulting Pvt. Ltd. under the supervision of Dr. Dinesh Prajapati and

that no part of this report has been directly copied from any students’ reports or taken

from any other source, without providing due reference.

Name of the Student Sign of Student

Ayush Raman

iv
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deepest gratitude to I2E Consulting Pvt Ltd & CVM University
for providing me with the opportunity to work as a Student Trainee. This experience has
been incredibly rewarding and has significantly contributed to my professional growth.

I am immensely grateful to the entire team for their support, guidance, and encouragement
throughout my tenure. Special thanks to all the people whose insights and feedback have
been invaluable in enhancing my skills and understanding Machine Learning and Deep
Learning in depth.

Working on diverse and challenging projects at I2E Consulting Pvt Ltd has enabled me
to refine my critical & logical thinking, improve my technical abilities, and foster a
collaborative spirit.

The dynamic work environment and the emphasis on innovation have been instrumental in
shaping my career path. I am proud to have been a part of a company that values creativity,
a logical & statistical approach, and continuous improvement.

I look forward to applying the knowledge and experiences gained here in my future
endeavours. Thank you, I2E Consulting Pvt Ltd & CVM University, for this remarkable
opportunity.

v
 ABSTRACT

In today’s data-centric landscape, organizations are increasingly leveraging Artificial

Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to simplify data access, generate insights,
and inform strategic decisions. As part of i2e Consulting’s commitment to driving digital
innovation in the life sciences and data intelligence sectors, I underwent technical training
in AI, ML, and Data Science, gaining hands-on experience with modern tools, frameworks,
and development practices.

During my internship at i2e Consulting, I conceptualized and developed a Structured Data

Question-Answering Chatbot from the ground up. This system allows users to upload
structured datasets (CSV/Excel) and interact with them through natural language queries,
without needing to write SQL code. The solution was built using cutting-edge technologies,
including LangChain for workflow orchestration, GROQ-hosted LLaMA LLM for fast and
accurate language processing, and Hugging Face embeddings for semantic schema
understanding. The frontend was developed using Streamlit to offer an intuitive and chat-
based user experience.

Through this project, I gained valuable expertise in prompt engineering, pipeline design,
semantic search, and LLM-based query generation. I also developed a deep understanding
of how to transform complex structured data interactions into a simple, user-friendly
solution. This hands-on experience not only enhanced my technical skills but also aligned
with i2e Consulting’s mission of delivering intelligent, AI-powered solutions that unlock
the value of data across industries.

vi
 LIST OF FIGURES

Fig 3.2.1 File Upload…………………………………………………………………… 12

Fig 1.2 Question Answer Interface……………………………………………………….12
Fig 1.3 Paginated Answers ……………………………………………………………. 13
Fig 1.4 Data Flow Diagram …………………………………………………………………………………. 21

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1.1 Server-side requirement……………………………………………………... .7

Table 2.1.2 Developer-side requirement………………………………………………….. 8
Table 2.1.3 User-side requirement………………………………………………………... 8
Table 3.1.3 Components and interactions ………………………………………………. 11
Table 4.5 Features and Advantages of Backend ………………………………………. 17
Table 5.2.1 Layered Components…………………………………………………………...18
Table 5.6 Principle and Impact ……………………………………………………………………………22
Table 6.2.3 Test Scenarios …………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Table 6.5 Bug Fixes and Improvements ……………………………………………………………… 25

viii
 ABBREVIATIONS
AI: Artificial Intelligence

LLM: Large Language Model

SQL: Structured Query Language

NLP: Natural Language Processing

CSV: Comma Separated Values

DB: Database

API: Application Programming Interface

RAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation

GPU: Graphics Processing Unit

RAM: Random Access Memory

CPU: Central Processing Unit

PDF: Portable Document Format

EDA: Exploratory Data Analysis

JSON: JavaScript Object Notation

OS: Operating System

ML: Machine Learning

LLaMA: Large Language Model Meta AI

GROQ: General-purpose Reconfigurable Object Query (Company Name: Groq Inc.)

QA: Question Answering

RDBMS: Relational Database Management System

VS Code: Visual Studio Code

ix
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate…………………………………………………………………………………. i
Company Certificate……………………………………………………………………… ii
No Code and No Database Certificate….………………………………………………... iii
Declaration………………………………………………………………………………. iv
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………. v
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………… vi
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………. vii
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………. viii
Abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………….. ix
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… x
CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT AND COMPANY PROFILE …... 1
1.1. Introduction ………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1.1. Company Profile……………………………………………………… 1
1.1.2. Company Products……………………………………………………. 2
1.1.3. Company Mission and Vision………………………………………… 2
1.1.4. Core Values…………………………………………………………….3
1.2. Introduction of the project ………………………………………………….4
1.2.1. Purpose of the Project……………………………………………….. 4
1.2.2. Functional Requirements……………………………………………… 5
CHAPTER – 2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS………………………………………..... 7
2.1. Hardware & Software Requirements……………………………………...
7
2.1.1. Server-Side Requirements……………………………………………
7
2.1.2. Developer-Side Requirements………………………………………..
8
2.1.3. User-Side Requirements……………………………………………...
8
CHAPTER – 3 FRONT END OF THE SYSTEM……………………………………. 9
3.1. About Front End………………………………………………………….. 9
3.2. Snapshots of Chatbot……………………………………………………... 12
CHAPTER - 4 BACK END OF THE SYSTEM……………………………………… 14
4.1. Introduction to LangChain……………………………………………….. 14
4.2. LLM Orchestration with GROQ AI and LLaMA………………………… 15
4.3. Semantic Embeddings using Hugging Face Transformers……………….. 15
4.4. Backend Pipeline Architecture……………………………………………. 16
4.5. Features and Advantages of the Backend………………………………… 17

CHAPTER – 5 SYSTEM DESIGN…………………………………………………….18

5.1. System Overview…………………………………………………………. 18
5.2. High-Level Architectural Design…………………………………………. 18

x
 5.3. Proposed System Architecture……………………………………………. 19
5.4. Modular Breakdown……………………………………………………… 20
5.5. Data Flow Diagram (DFD)………………………………………………. 21
5.6. Design Principles and Benefits…………………………………………… 22
5.7. Summary…………………………………………………………………. 22
CHAPTER – 6 TESTING OF THE SYSTEM……………………………………….. 23
6.1. Objectives of Testing …...………………………………………………...23
6.2. Testing Methodologies Used …………………………………………….. 23
6.3. Sample Test Cases and Results…………………………………………… 24
6.4. Tools Used in Testing…………………………………………………….. 25
6.5. Bug Fixes and Improvements…………………………………………….. 25
6.6. Testing Summary…………………………………………………………. 26
CHAPTER – 7 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS………………………………. 27
7.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………. 27
7.2. Advantages of the System………………………………………………... 27
7.3. Limitations of the System………………………………………………… 28
7.4. Scope for Improvement…………………………………………………... 29
7.5. Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 30
CHAPTER – 8 FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS……………………………………….. 31
8.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………. 31
8.2. Functional Enhancements………………………………………………… 31
8.3. Technical Enhancements…………………………………………………. 32
8.4. Usability Enhancements………………………………………………….. 32
8.5. Operational Enhancements……………………………………………….. 33
8.6. Strategic Enhancements………………………………………………….. 33
8.7. Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 34
CHAPTER – 9 CONCLUSION AND FINAL SUMMARY…………………………. 35
9.1. Conclusion………………………………………………………………... 35
9.2. Final Summary…………………………………………………………… 35
9.3. Closing Remarks…………………………………………………………. 36
CHAPTER – 10 REFERENCES……………………………………………………… 37

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1210212060108 Introduction of Project & Company

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT & COMPANY

PROFILE

1.1 Introduction
This chapter introduces the organization where the internship was undertaken, providing
an overview of the company’s background, mission, vision, and values. It also offers insight
into the company’s domain, key products, and the purpose it serves in the global life
sciences industry. The chapter sets the context for understanding how the project aligns
with the company’s strategic goals and technical environment.

1.1.1 Company Profile

i2e Consulting is a pioneering digital transformation and IT solutions provider focused on

empowering the life sciences industry. Headquartered in the United States, i2e has earned
a reputation as a trusted partner for pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology firms, and
healthcare organizations worldwide. Since its inception, the company has consistently
demonstrated its commitment to innovation, technical excellence, and domain-specific
expertise.

The company was named one of the fastest-growing private companies in the United States
in the prestigious Inc. 5000 list of 2023, a testament to its rapid growth and increasing
impact in the digital health and life sciences technology sector. In addition to its commercial
success, i2e Consulting also meets internationally recognized standards of quality and
security, being ISO 9001 (Quality Management Systems) and ISO/IEC 27001
(Information Security Management) certified. These certifications underscore the
company’s dedication to excellence in both operational efficiency and data protection,
which are crucial for clients in regulated industries like healthcare and pharmaceuticals.

One of the key differentiators of i2e Consulting is its deep domain knowledge. The
company is led by a team of subject matter experts, many of whom have previous
experience working in leading global life sciences organizations. This blend of real-world
industry experience and cutting-edge technical skill allows i2e to bridge the gap between
healthcare innovation and technological advancement effectively.

As a multicultural and multidisciplinary organization, i2e thrives on collaboration,

creativity, and intellectual curiosity. Its workforce includes a diverse mix of consultants,
software developers, engineers, designers, and life sciences professionals who are
passionate about delivering high-quality, high-impact solutions. The company fosters a
collaborative culture that encourages experimentation and learning, enabling teams to stay
ahead of the curve and respond dynamically to the rapidly evolving needs of the life
sciences industry.

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1.1.2 Company Products

I2E Consulting offers a broad range of digital products and IT services tailored specifically
for the life sciences domain. The company works across the entire drug development
lifecycle, helping organizations accelerate innovation and improve decision-making. Its
services include:

• Portfolio Management Solutions: Helping R&D and executive teams to evaluate,

optimize, and prioritize investments.
• Business Intelligence and Analytics Platforms: Transforming raw data into
actionable insights to drive strategic decisions.
• Knowledge Management and Collaboration Tools: Enabling efficient
information sharing among research teams, regulatory affairs, and clinical
development units.
• Custom Web and Mobile Applications: Tailor-made solutions to address unique
operational challenges in clinical trials, pharmacovigilance, and market access.
• KOL (Key Opinion Leader) Engagement Programs: Providing tools for
managing scientific and medical outreach.

These products are designed to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and ensure compliance in
highly regulated environments. i2e’s focus on creating value across the value chain—from
R&D to market access—has made it a preferred technology partner for some of the world’s
leading life sciences organizations.

1.1.3 Company Mission and Vision

Mission:
“Accelerating healthcare innovations.”

i2e’s mission is cantered on leveraging data and technology to drive innovation in life
sciences. The company aspires to build solutions that enable healthcare organizations to
unlock strategic insights, improve clinical outcomes, and optimize patient care. Through
its mission, i2e supports a future where technology is seamlessly integrated into the
healthcare innovation process, accelerating time-to-market for new drugs and therapies.

Vision:
“Advancing healthcare.”

The long-term vision of i2e Consulting is to become a global leader in life sciences
technology solutions. The company is driven by the belief that digital transformation is
critical to making healthcare more efficient, accessible, and effective. i2e envisions a future
where healthcare innovations reach patients faster, with better accuracy, and at a lower
cost—enabled by the intelligent use of data and automation.

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Purpose:
“Driving change for better healthcare decisions.”

Whether it is optimizing portfolio investments, generating real-time insights from clinical

data, or building scalable applications for operational efficiency, i2e focuses on improving
healthcare decision-making processes at every stage. The company works alongside
stakeholders to ensure that the tools and systems they deploy are directly aligned with
scientific, operational, and business objectives.

1.1.4 Core Values

• Customer Focused:
• At i2e, the customer is at the centre of every decision. The company prioritizes
understanding each client’s specific needs and business goals, ensuring that the
solutions delivered are tailored, scalable, and impactful.
• People First:
The company believes that its people are its greatest asset. i2e invests heavily in
employee growth, well-being, and engagement. A culture of respect,
empowerment, and collaboration defines the organization.
• Excellence:
Excellence is not just a goal but a habit at i2e. From the planning stage to execution
and delivery, the company maintains rigorous standards of quality and performance.
• Innovation-led:
Innovation is the lifeblood of i2e. The company embraces emerging technologies
such as Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Cloud Computing, and
Automation to stay ahead of industry challenges and deliver next-generation
solutions.
• Diversity:
A commitment to diversity is embedded in i2e’s identity. The company values
diverse perspectives and promotes inclusivity, knowing that innovation thrives
when individuals from different backgrounds collaborate.

Together, these values form the foundation of i2e Consulting’s approach to work, enabling
it to deliver meaningful impact in the global life sciences industry and transform the way
healthcare decisions are made.

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1.2 Introduction of the Project

In today’s data-driven world, accessing structured information from large databases often
requires proficiency in complex query languages such as SQL. This becomes a bottleneck
for non-technical users—including analysts, business executives, and domain experts—
who rely heavily on data insights for decision-making. To bridge this gap, the SQL-Based
Structured Data Q&A Chatbot was developed as an intelligent assistant capable of
interpreting natural language queries and providing relevant responses by interacting with
SQL databases.

This project is aimed at enabling natural language access to relational databases by

transforming user-friendly English questions into optimized SQL queries. It incorporates
several advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) and AI techniques to enhance its
intelligence and accuracy, such as spell correction, semantic matching, alias enrichment,
and large language model (LLM)-based summarization of query results.

The chatbot serves as an end-to-end solution—from understanding vague or ambiguous

user queries to executing correct SQL commands and presenting easy-to-understand
insights. This is particularly beneficial for domains like life sciences, where structured
datasets are large and complex, and quick access to insights can drive innovation in
healthcare, drug discovery, and patient outcomes. The project was executed during an
internship at i2e Consulting, a company recognized for its leadership in digital
transformation in the life sciences industry.

1.2.1 Purpose of the Project

The main goal of the project is to reduce the dependency on technical users for accessing
and querying structured data, thereby empowering a broader range of stakeholders to derive
value from databases. Specifically, the chatbot addresses the following needs:

• Natural Interaction with Data: Allow users to ask questions in plain English,
eliminating the need to understand SQL syntax, table structures, or relationships.
• Improved Accessibility: Enable non-technical users to access insights directly
from the database without relying on data engineers or analysts.
• Error Tolerance: Incorporate spell correction and alias mapping to gracefully
handle human errors, vague phrases, and domain-specific shorthand.
• Context-Aware Understanding: Use semantic search to match user queries with
the most relevant tables and columns, even when exact terms aren’t used.
• Efficient Query Generation: Automatically generate optimized and accurate SQL
queries that reflect the user’s intent.
• Result Summarization: Provide a natural language summary of the result set for
better interpretability and actionability.

In short, the chatbot serves as an intelligent bridge between human language and structured
data, aligning with the mission of making healthcare and life sciences data more accessible,
intuitive, and impactful.

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1.2.2 Functional Requirements

To achieve its goals, the project includes multiple interconnected modules, each responsible
for a key part of the process. These modules ensure robustness, scalability, and user-centric
performance.

1. Natural Language Input Interface

• Accepts user queries typed in free-form natural language.

• Ensures a user-friendly and conversational interface.
• Provides real-time query submission with feedback.

2. Spell Correction and Preprocessing Module

• Identifies misspelled words and automatically corrects them using context-aware

suggestions from a Large Language Model.
• Especially useful for correcting domain-specific terms, technical jargon, or
abbreviation errors.
• Filters out unnecessary words (stop words) to focus on actionable tokens for SQL
translation.

3. Column Alias Enrichment Module

• Enhances the interpretability of database schema by generating meaningful aliases

for cryptic or abbreviated column names.
• Uses LLMs to map user-friendly terms (e.g., “revenue per unit”) to their actual
database column counterparts (e.g., “rev_u”).
• Stores and reuses enriched aliases to maintain consistency across sessions.

4. Semantic Schema Matching Module

• Transforms table and column names into vector embeddings using sentence-
transformers or similar models.
• Matches user queries to the most semantically relevant schema elements.
• Reduces reliance on exact keyword matching and improves robustness in large or
complex schemas.

5. SQL Query Generation Module

• Uses a language model (e.g., Groq-accelerated LLM) to convert processed input

into syntactically correct SQL queries.
• Supports SELECT statements with WHERE, GROUP BY, ORDER BY clauses,
and table joins where required.
• Ensures query optimization by including only relevant columns and conditions.

6. Database Execution Engine

• Executes the generated SQL query securely on the connected SQL database.
• Handles errors like syntax failures, missing data, or permission issues with
appropriate feedback. Returns the result set for further processing.

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7. Natural Language Response Generator

• Converts raw SQL output into meaningful English summaries using LLMs.
• Highlights key insights such as totals, trends, comparisons, or anomalies.
• Offers responses in a structured, human-readable format to improve decision-
making.

8. Error Handling and Logging

• Logs system behaviour including user queries, generated SQL, errors, and
execution results for monitoring and improvement.
• Ensures system resilience with fallback mechanisms in case of LLM failures or
query mismatches.

This modular pipeline ensures that the chatbot is not only functional but also intelligent,
intuitive, and user-friendly. The chatbot solution thus aligns goals of fostering digital
innovation and enabling advanced, accessible analytics for life sciences organizations.

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1210212060108 System Requirements

CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

Building a robust and intelligent SQL-based structured data Q&A chatbot requires a well-
defined infrastructure on both hardware and software fronts. The system is designed to
operate as a full-stack application where user interactions are handled via a front-end
interface, and the back end consists of multiple components including a natural language
processor, query generator, SQL execution engine, and a response formatter. Given the
project’s integration of LangChain and LLMs, special attention is also required for API
integration, secure key management, and performance optimization.

This chapter outlines the minimum and recommended system requirements needed to
develop, deploy, and use the chatbot.

2.1 Hardware & Software Requirements

2.1.1 Server-Side Requirements

The server-side is where the application’s logic is hosted and executed. This includes the
LangChain orchestration, model inference, SQL generation, semantic search modules, and
database connectivity.

Table: 2.1.1 Server-Side Requirements

Component Requirement
Processor Quad-core CPU (Intel i5/i7 or AMD Ryzen 5/7 or equivalent)
Minimum: 8 GB (Recommended: 16 GB or higher for smooth
RAM
multitasking)
Storage SSD with at least 50 GB free space
For LLM inference (if run locally): NVIDIA GPU with CUDA
GPU (optional)
support (e.g., RTX 3060)
Operating
Ubuntu 20.04+, Windows 10+, or macOS 12+
System
Backend
Python 3.9+ with LangChain, SQLAlchemy, Pandas
Framework
LLM Access Groq, OpenAI API, or any HuggingFace-compatible endpoint
Database PostgreSQL / MySQL / SQLite (depending on project scope)

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2.1.2 Developer-Side Requirements

These requirements ensure a seamless development experience and efficient

debugging,testing, and iteration during the project lifecycle.

Table: 2.1.2 Developer-Side Requirements

Component Requirement
IDE / Editor VS Code, PyCharm, or JupyterLab
Version Control Git with GitHub / GitLab integration
Environment Management Conda or virtualenv
Browser Chrome / Firefox (latest version)
langchain, openai, groq, sentence-transformers, faiss-
LangChain Dependencies
cpu, sqlalchemy
Data Visualization Streamlit, Dash, or Matplotlib (for internal analysis)
Testing Tools pytest, unittest

2.1.3 User-Side Requirements

The user-facing portion of the chatbot is designed to be lightweight, simple, and accessible
through a browser. It could be hosted as a web application using Streamlit or a simple
Flask/Django UI.

Table: 2.1.3 User-Side Requirements

Component Requirement
Web Browser Chrome, Firefox, Safari (latest versions)
Device Desktop, laptop, or tablet with minimum 4 GB RAM
Internet Connection Stable connection for interacting with cloud-hosted APIs
Interface Simple web UI with input box for questions and response area
Authentication Optional: API key input (for secure LLM use if needed)

By meeting these requirements, developers and users can ensure a smooth experience with
the chatbot—whether it’s deployed for internal analytics teams or offered as a plug-and-
play product for clients in life sciences or healthcare sectors.

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1210212060108 Front-end of the System

CHAPTER 3: FRONT END OF THE SYSTEM

3.1 About Front End

The front end serves as the primary interface between the user and the system. It is designed
to be intuitive, interactive, and responsive, providing a seamless user experience while
abstracting the complexity of the underlying AI and data processing components. Built
using Streamlit, the front end offers a web-based interface that allows users to interact with
the chatbot in real time—uploading structured datasets and querying them
conversationally.

Streamlit is a popular Python framework for creating lightweight and efficient data-driven
web applications. Its ease of integration with data science tools, minimal setup, and support
for real-time updates make it an ideal choice for this project.

3.1.1 Introduction to Streamlit

Streamlit is an open-source Python library that enables developers to build custom web
applications for machine learning and data science with minimal effort. It allows for rapid
prototyping of interactive dashboards and tools by writing pure Python code, with no need
for frontend languages such as HTML, CSS, or JavaScript.

In this project, Streamlit is used to:

• Create a clean and functional user interface

• Accept CSV/Excel file uploads from users
• Display insights or structure about the uploaded data
• Enable chat-like interaction for asking natural language questions about the
uploaded dataset
• Display AI-generated answers in real-time

3.1.2 Features of the User Interface

The Streamlit-based UI is designed with user accessibility and ease-of-use in mind. Key
features of the interface include:

• File Upload Section

Users can upload structured data files in CSV or Excel format. The interface
supports drag-and-drop as well as manual browsing.

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• Data Preview and Summary:

Upon uploading, the system parses the file and provides an immediate preview of
the dataset (e.g., first 5 rows), along with metadata like number of columns, data
types, and missing values.

• Chat Interface for Q&A:

A dedicated text input box allows users to type in natural language questions about
their data. The interface mimics a chatbot-style conversation, making it user-
friendly for non-technical users.

• AI Response Display:

Responses generated by the AI backend are displayed clearly and contextually,

enabling users to extract insights without SQL or data science expertise.

• Session State:

The app maintains session state during usage, preserving previous questions,
answers, and uploaded data for continuity.

• Responsive Layout:

The interface adjusts dynamically to various screen sizes and browser

environments, ensuring accessibility across devices.

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3.1.3 Components and Interactions

The front end consists of the following core components:

Table: 3.1.3 Components and Interactions

Component Functionality
st.file_uploader() Accepts CSV or Excel files and handles validation
pandas.read_csv()/ Reads and stores structured data for backend processing
read_excel()
st.dataframe() Displays a preview of uploaded data
st.text_input() Accepts user questions in natural language format
st.button()/ st.chat_message() Triggers the backend LangChain pipeline and displays
responses
st.session_state Maintains context and chat history across interactions

These components work together to provide a smooth and intelligent front-end experience
that connects users with the power of large language models and structured data analysis
in real time.

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1210212060108 Front-end of the System

3.2 Snapshots of chatbot

Fig 3.2.1 File Upload

Fig 3.2.2 Question Answer Interface

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Fig 3.2.3 Paginated Answers

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1210212060108 Back-end of the System

CHAPTER 4: BACK END OF THE SYSTEM

The backend of the system forms the intelligence and functional core of the AI-powered
data chatbot. It integrates several powerful frameworks and components to enable seamless
interaction with structured datasets, understand user queries, generate appropriate SQL
statements, retrieve relevant data, and finally present the results in a natural, conversational
format. The architecture has been meticulously designed to ensure scalability, flexibility,
and accuracy while maintaining efficiency and modularity.

This chapter explores the various technologies and frameworks utilized in the backend—
primarily LangChain, GROQ AI, LLaMA LLM, and Hugging Face for embedding-
based semantic search. These components collectively form a robust pipeline that allows
users to query structured data files (CSV/Excel) using natural language and receive
accurate insights conversationally.

4.1 Introduction to LangChain

LangChain is an open-source framework designed to simplify the development of

applications powered by large language models (LLMs). It offers a structured approach to
building LLM pipelines through a modular architecture that includes chains, tools,
memory, agents, retrievers, and output parsers.

In this system, LangChain serves as the orchestration framework to connect various

components like the LLM, embedding models, query generators, vector stores, and context
enrichers. By managing the flow of data between components and ensuring context-
awareness across interactions, LangChain plays a vital role in enabling accurate, dynamic
query generation and result interpretation.

Key Benefits of Using LangChain:

• Modular Design: Enables reusable, interchangeable pipeline components.

• Prompt Engineering Tools: Easily build, test, and refine prompts dynamically.
• Chain of Thought Implementation: Supports step-by-step reasoning, ideal for
SQL query construction.
• Integration Ready: Natively supports popular LLM APIs, embeddings, vector
stores, and databases.

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4.2 LLM Orchestration with GROQ AI and LLaMA

The primary engine behind the chatbot's natural language understanding and SQL
generation is powered by GROQ AI, a high-performance LLM inference engine that
delivers ultra-fast processing speeds. It is configured with Meta’s LLaMA (Large
Language Model Meta AI), which provides powerful general-purpose language
understanding and generation capabilities.

4.2.1 GROQ AI:

GROQ AI is known for its extremely low-latency inference and ability to process multiple
LLM prompts at high speed. This enhances user experience by providing faster response
times, even for complex queries involving structured data.

4.2.2 LLaMA LLM:

The LLaMA family of models is optimized for reasoning and context comprehension. In
this project:

• It interprets the user’s natural language question.

• Processes semantic metadata of the structured dataset.
• Generates corresponding SQL queries.
• Converts tabular results into natural language summaries.

4.2.3 Why LLaMA?

• Open-source and customizable.

• High performance on language understanding benchmarks.
• Efficient for reasoning over structured information.

4.3 Semantic Embeddings using Hugging Face Transformers

To understand the structure and semantics of the uploaded data (CSV/Excel), the system
uses Hugging Face Transformer models to create dense vector embeddings of the
column names, descriptions, and schema metadata. These embeddings are stored in a
vector database which allows for semantic retrieval of the most relevant fields based on
user intent.

Workflow for Semantic Matching:

1. Preprocessing:
o Extract column headers and sample metadata from the uploaded file.
o Generate descriptive aliases for column names using LLM.
2. Embedding Generation:
o Use Hugging Face models like sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2 to
create vector representations of columns and their descriptions.

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1210212060108 Back-end of the System

3. Similarity Search:
o On receiving a user query, embed the query and perform a similarity search
in the vector store to identify relevant columns/tables.
o This ensures the system understands semantically similar but differently
worded inputs (e.g., “rainfall” vs. “precipitation”).
4. Context Building:
o Combine the matched schema information with the user query.
o Feed the enriched prompt to the LLM for SQL generation.

4.4 Backend Pipeline Architecture

The backend pipeline is designed as a series of modular stages, each responsible for a
specific task. Below is an overview of the functional stages:

1. File Ingestion and Schema Parsing:

• The uploaded CSV or Excel file is read using pandas.

• Schema details like column names, data types, and unique values are extracted.

2. Schema Enrichment and Alias Generation:

• LLM-based prompt is used to suggest human-readable aliases for cryptic or short

column names (e.g., prd_yr → Production Year).
• Common synonyms and abbreviations are also mapped (e.g., ha = Hectares).

3. Embedding Creation and Indexing:

• Each enriched column description is embedded and indexed into a vector store.
• Enables fast and accurate semantic matching of columns at runtime.

4. Query Understanding and Column Matching:

• User input is embedded and matched against the vector store.

• The most relevant schema elements are selected for context.

5. SQL Generation:

• LangChain LLMChain constructs a prompt including matched schema and user

query.
• LLaMA via GROQ AI returns a valid SQL statement.
• Query is validated and executed using Python’s SQL execution libraries (e.g.,
sqlite3, pandasql).

6. Response Generation:

• Result is processed and summarized by the LLM.

• The final answer is presented in human-readable format in the chat interface.

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1210212060108 Back-end of the System

4.5 Features and Advantages of the Backend

Table: 4.5 Features and Advantages of the Backend

Feature Description
Context-Aware SQL Uses semantic matching and schema understanding to
Generation produce accurate SQL.
Fast Inference via GROQ Low latency response generation enhances user
interactivity.
Open Source Friendly Fully built using open-source tools like LangChain,
Hugging Face, and LLaMA.
High Flexibility Can be adapted to any structured dataset regardless of
column names.
Zero-shot Generalization LLMs can understand new data formats without requiring
retraining.
Robust Prompt Modular prompt chains support rapid iteration and
Engineering debugging.
Data Privacy Compliant No data is sent to external APIs without user consent;
local execution possible.

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1210212060108 System Design

CHAPTER 5: SYSTEM DESIGN

System design is the architectural backbone of any software project. It involves planning
and defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data flows within a
system to meet specified requirements. For this project—an AI-powered structured data
Q&A chatbot—the design process was crucial to ensure scalability, performance,
reliability, and seamless integration between its components.

Unlike projects that build upon an existing system, this chatbot solution was developed
entirely from scratch, which demanded a deep understanding of each component, careful
architectural planning, and a modular, extensible design.

5.1 System Overview

The chatbot is designed to accept structured data files (CSV or Excel), generate meaningful
column alias mappings and semantic context, and allow users to ask natural language
questions about their data in a conversational interface. The system uses:

• LangChain for pipeline orchestration and prompt management.

• GROQ API for fast LLM inference.
• LLaMA-based LLM as the reasoning engine.
• Hugging Face Sentence Transformers for creating semantic embeddings of table
metadata.
• Streamlit as the frontend interface for user interaction.

5.2 High-Level Architectural Design

The architecture follows a modular and layered structure to separate concerns and improve
maintainability:

5.2.1 Layered Components:

Table: 5.2.1 Layered Components

Layer Description
Presentation The Streamlit-based frontend where users upload data and interact
Layer with the chatbot.
Orchestration LangChain-driven logic handling flow control, tool calling, and
Layer prompt engineering.
Processing Layer Handles table embedding creation, column alias generation, semantic
search, and query context generation.
Inference Layer GROQ + LLaMA LLM responsible for interpreting queries,
generating SQL, and formatting responses.
Data Layer Temporary storage of uploaded files, metadata, and execution
results.

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1210212060108 System Design

5.3 Proposed System Architecture

A well-structured architecture is essential for handling user queries efficiently. Below is

the proposed system design pipeline:

5.3.1 Data Ingestion and Parsing

• Users upload a CSV or Excel file through the frontend.

• The file is parsed using Pandas to extract column names and basic schema
information.
• Data statistics (null values, unique values, etc.) are also calculated for contextual
use.

5.3.2 Column Alias Generator

• LLM (via GROQ API) is prompted with the column headers to suggest more
descriptive aliases (e.g., sal becomes salary).
• LangChain manages prompt structure and context tracking.
• These aliases help the LLM understand user queries more intuitively.

5.3.3 Embedding Generation

• Column names and aliases are embedded using Hugging Face Sentence
Transformers.
• These embeddings are stored temporarily using FAISS for fast retrieval.
• This enables similarity search for resolving ambiguous or misspelled query terms.

5.3.4 Semantic Search & Context Builder

• When a user submits a query, the system compares the query embedding with stored
column embeddings to select relevant fields.
• A context block is generated, including:
o File schema (columns and aliases)
o Sample rows
o User intent
• This context is fed into the LangChain template to help the LLM produce accurate
SQL.

5.3.5 SQL Query Generation

• The enhanced prompt is passed to the LLaMA LLM (hosted on GROQ) for SQL
query generation.
• Query is executed on a Pandas dataframe (or SQLite if large) and the result is
returned.

5.3.6 Answer Formatting

• The raw SQL result is sent back to the LLM to generate a human-readable
explanation.
• LangChain chains this step as a "Final Answer Generator".

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1210212060108 System Design

5.4 Modular Breakdown

Each component is independently testable and designed to be plug-and-play:

5.4.1 Upload Handler Module

• Handles file validation and parsing.

• Converts Excel to CSV for uniformity.
• Captures metadata like number of rows, columns, types.

5.4.2 Column Alias Enhancer

• LangChain tool that crafts a prompt like:

“Suggest more descriptive aliases for the following column names: [‘sl’, ‘exp_yr’,
‘edu’]”
• Output is a dictionary used to enrich schema understanding.

5.4.3 Embedding Manager

• Uses Hugging Face Sentence-BERT to encode text.

• Uses FAISS to index and search closest column names to user queries.
• Avoids hardcoding by matching semantically.

5.4.4 Query Interpreter

• LangChain pipeline routes user queries through:

o Spell correction (if needed)
o Contextualization using schema and embeddings
o SQL generation via GROQ LLM
• This allows complex queries like:
“Show me the average salary of data scientists in 2023” to be answered from
scratch.

5.4.5 Response Generator

• Re-invokes the LLM with both SQL and its result to generate a polished natural
language answer.

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1210212060108 System Design

5.5 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Fig 5.5 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

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5.6 Design Principles and Benefits

5.6 Principle and Impact

Principle Impact
Modularity Easy to test and replace components independently.
Scalability Supports adding custom tools, APIs, or databases later.
Speed GROQ’s fast LLM response times ensure real-time querying.
Accuracy Column alias enrichment + embeddings reduce ambiguity.
User Experience Chat-style UX via Streamlit is intuitive and fast.

5.7 Summary

This chapter explained the systematic approach to designing a robust and scalable chatbot
system. With no pre-existing system to build on, every component—from data ingestion to
semantic processing and query response—was designed with flexibility, performance, and
user experience in mind.

The modular architecture ensures future enhancements like RAG (Retrieval Augmented
Generation), database connection, or model fine-tuning can be easily integrated. The
combination of LangChain, GROQ, LLaMA, and Hugging Face embeddings offers a
cutting-edge tech stack capable of real-world applications in enterprise data intelligence.

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1210212060108 Testing of the System

CHAPTER 6: TESTING OF THE SYSTEM

Testing is a crucial phase in the software development lifecycle as it ensures the

correctness, reliability, and performance of the application. For this project—a Structured
Data Q&A Chatbot—comprehensive testing was conducted to validate the functionalities
of both backend and frontend components. The testing involved checking individual
modules, verifying integrated workflows, and confirming the chatbot’s accuracy in
understanding and answering user queries.

6.1 Objectives of Testing

The primary objectives of testing in this project were:

• To ensure that all modules work as expected individually and when integrated.
• To verify that the user queries are processed correctly and return accurate results.
• To test the robustness of the system in handling invalid or ambiguous inputs.
• To validate the UI flow for uploading datasets and interacting with the chatbot.
• To identify and fix any performance bottlenecks or logical flaws in the system.

6.2 Testing Methodologies Used

6.2.1 Unit Testing

Unit testing was performed on individual components such as:

• File upload handler

• Data parser and schema extractor
• Column alias generator
• Embedding generator
• SQL query executor

Tools Used: pytest, manual testing via notebook snippets

Outcome: All critical functions passed edge-case tests like empty files, unsupported
formats, and missing values.

6.2.2 Integration Testing

This stage tested the flow from file upload to SQL generation and response output:

• Ensured smooth data handoff between modules (e.g., parsed schema → alias
generation → embeddings).
• Validated SQL queries are correctly executed on the uploaded dataset.

Outcome: Modules communicated seamlessly, and intermediate results (like aliases and
semantic matches) were correctly passed through the pipeline.

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6.2.3 Functional Testing

Functional testing verified that the system meets all user-facing requirements:

• Uploading CSV/Excel files

• Asking domain-specific and column-specific questions
• Receiving relevant and accurate responses

Table: 6.2.3 Test Scenarios

Test Case Input Expected Output

Uploading valid Crop dataset Schema and columns extracted
CSV successfully
Uploading empty Empty file Error message displayed
file
Asking clear “What is the average yield for Correct SQL query and accurate
question rice in 2020?” result
Ambiguous query “Show me the highest” Follow-up clarification requested
Invalid column “Show rainfall in XYZ state” Closest match from alias
term suggested

6.2.4 User Testing

Users with basic domain knowledge were asked to interact with the system:

• Uploaded different datasets (agriculture, sales, loan)

• Asked natural language questions
• Provided feedback on response clarity and interface usability

Feedback Highlights:

• Chat format made it intuitive and engaging

• System handled vague questions gracefully
• Suggested aliases improved query flexibilit

6.3 Sample Test Cases and Results

Test Case 1: File Upload Validation

• Input: Valid .csv file

• Expected Result: Successful upload and schema extraction
• Actual Result: Passed

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Test Case 2: SQL Generation for Known Schema

• Input: Query: "Show total production for wheat in 2021"

• Expected Result: SQL: SELECT SUM(Production) FROM data WHERE
Crop='Wheat' AND Crop_Year=2021;
• Actual Result: Passed

Test Case 3: Semantic Search and Alias Matching

• Input: Column name in user query: “Rain gain”

• Expected: Map to “Annual_Rainfall” through semantic similarity
• Actual Result: Passed

Test Case 4: Invalid Format Upload

• Input: .docx file

• Expected Result: Error message “Unsupported format”
• Actual Result: Passed

Test Case 5: Response Generation

• Input: Query with valid result

• Expected Result: Coherent answer in natural language
• Actual Result: Passed

6.4 Tools Used in Testing

• Streamlit: For manual frontend interaction testing

• Pandas: For validating query execution results
• LangChain Logging & Tracing: For observing prompt chains
• GROQ Logs: For debugging LLM responses
• FAISS Console Logs: For checking semantic search hits

6.5 Bug Fixes and Improvements

Table: 6.5 Bug Fixes and Improvements

Issue Found Cause Fix Applied

Schema mismatch in Alias not propagated Added alias fallback logic
queries
LLM hallucination Missing context in Enhanced schema + sample data
prompt prompt injection
Incorrect SQL joins No joins needed for Removed unnecessary join logic
single dataset
UI freeze on large files Upload too big for Added size limit and chunking
memory option

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1210212060108 Testing of the System

6.6 Testing Summary

The system was rigorously tested across all major dimensions including functionality,
integration, user experience, and robustness. The combination of automated tests and
manual validation ensured that the chatbot performs accurately and reliably, even when
users provide ambiguous or complex queries. Minor bugs and inconsistencies identified
during testing were resolved promptly, resulting in a stable and efficient release.

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1210212060108 Advantages and Limitations

CHAPTER 7: ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS

7.1 Introduction

No system is flawless, and every software application comes with its unique set of
advantages and limitations. Understanding these helps stakeholders assess its practical
utility, reliability, and areas of future enhancement. The structured data Q&A chatbot, built
using LangChain, GROQ AI, LLaMA LLM, and Hugging Face embeddings with a
Streamlit frontend, presents an innovative solution for querying structured data using
natural language. This chapter outlines the various strengths of the system and also reflects
on its current constraints and improvement opportunities.

7.2 Advantages of the System

The developed system showcases numerous benefits across usability, technical

performance, and business value. These are categorized as follows:

7.2.1 User-Centric Advantages

• Natural Language Interface: Users do not need SQL knowledge; they can interact
using plain English, making data access democratized and user-friendly.
• Streamlined User Experience: The clean Streamlit interface allows seamless data
upload and real-time Q&A, making the system intuitive and easy to use.
• Support for Multiple File Formats: The system accepts both CSV and Excel
formats, enhancing flexibility for users from different backgrounds or industries.
• Spell Correction and Alias Mapping: The system automatically corrects common
typos and expands abbreviations or acronyms in column names, significantly
improving accessibility and usability.

7.2.2 Technical Advantages

• LangChain-Powered Modular Architecture: The backend is modular and

scalable, thanks to LangChain’s chain-based architecture. Each component (spell
correction, semantic search, SQL generation, response formatting) can be improved
independently.
• Accurate Semantic Matching: The use of Hugging Face embeddings enables
effective semantic matching between user questions and table schema, leading to
better intent understanding.
• GROQ AI + LLaMA Integration:These models provide high-quality, fast, and
cost-effective LLM inference, enabling accurate SQL generation and natural
language response formulation.

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1210212060108 Advantages and Limitations

• Context-Aware Query Handling:By embedding schema and column information,

the chatbot can handle contextual information intelligently to generate more
accurate SQL queries.
• Security and Isolation: Since the system operates without persistent user data
storage and restricts direct query execution to read-only SQL, it maintains good
security hygiene.

7.2.3 Business and Operational Advantages

• Rapid Prototyping and Extensibility: Because the system is built using

LangChain and modular Python components, it is easy to extend to support other
file types, databases, or even multi-modal inputs (voice, image).
• Reduces Training Time for Non-Technical Staff: Business analysts, managers,
and non-technical personnel can explore datasets independently, minimizing
dependencies on data teams.
• Customizable Responses: Final answers can be adapted in tone, format, or
verbosity to meet the needs of various user groups—technical, executive, or casual
users.
• Open Source Ecosystem: The system leverages open-source frameworks,
reducing licensing costs and encouraging community-driven improvements.

7.3 Limitations of the System

Despite its powerful capabilities, the system has several limitations that may impact its
performance in specific scenarios or at scale.

7.3.1 Functional Limitations

• Lack of Deep Conversational Memory: The system currently does not retain
multi-turn conversational context, which may affect follow-up questions like "What
about the previous year?"
• No Schema Auto-Detection Beyond Header Row: While the system enriches
column names, it doesn’t detect or infer data types or relationships unless explicitly
mentioned.
• Limited Complex Query Handling: Questions involving multi-table joins, nested
subqueries, or statistical functions (e.g., standard deviation, correlation) may not be
handled accurately.
• Ambiguity in User Queries: The system may struggle with vague or poorly-
phrased questions, requiring users to rephrase queries more precisely.

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7.3.2 Technical Limitations

• Scalability Concerns: The use of in-memory data structures (Pandas DataFrames)

and on-the-fly embedding can become a bottleneck when processing very large
datasets (e.g., >100K rows or >100 columns).
• Cold Start Delay: Since embeddings and chains are computed on demand, there
may be initial latency, especially on resource-constrained systems.
• Lack of Persistent Storage or History: There is no feature to save past
conversations, query logs, or audit trails—this can be a limitation for enterprise
deployments.
• Dependence on External APIs: Though GROQ AI is fast and efficient, its reliance
on internet connectivity and external APIs makes the system less reliable in offline
or isolated environments.

7.3.3 Usability and UX Limitations

• Limited Feedback on SQL: Although the generated query is executed in the

background, users do not always see or verify the SQL unless explicitly designed
in the UI.
• No Multi-Language Support: The chatbot is currently trained and optimized for
English; multi-lingual support would require fine-tuning and translation models.
• Basic Error Messages: If the query fails or a column isn’t found, the system
provides limited diagnostic feedback, which may confuse non-technical users.

7.4 Scope for Improvement

Based on the current limitations, the following improvements are identified for future
development:

• Incorporate LangChain’s memory modules to handle multi-turn conversations and

follow-up queries.
• Implement persistent history and session tracking using a lightweight database (e.g.,
SQLite).
• Use optimized vector databases (e.g., FAISS or Chroma) for embedding retrieval,
especially for large datasets.
• Provide a toggle for SQL transparency, allowing users to inspect or edit generated
queries.
• Introduce natural language explanations of SQL queries for educational purposes.
• Enable voice input or integrate with BI dashboards for wider accessibility and
automation.

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1210212060108 Advantages and Limitations

7.5 Conclusion

The system successfully fulfils its primary objective of making structured data queryable
using natural language. It excels in user experience, semantic understanding, and real-time
query execution through a smart and modular backend. However, like any new system, it
has areas that require enhancement—especially for handling advanced queries, larger
datasets, and persistent interactions. Addressing these in future versions will further
increase the utility, scalability, and robustness of the system in real-world enterprise use
cases.

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1210212060108 Future Enhancements

CHAPTER 8: FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

8.1 Introduction

As with any software system, continuous improvement is essential to keep pace with user
expectations, technological advancements, and changing data requirements. While the
current version of the structured data Q&A chatbot built using LangChain, GROQ AI,
LLaMA LLM, and Hugging Face embeddings performs its intended functions well, there
remains significant scope for enhancement. These improvements will further strengthen its
accuracy, scalability, user experience, and operational resilience.

This chapter outlines various proposed enhancements, categorized into functional,

technical, and strategic areas, aimed at evolving the system into a more robust, intelligent,
and scalable product.

8.2 Functional Enhancements

8.2.1 Multi-Turn Conversational Memory

Currently, each question is handled in isolation. In future versions, incorporating

LangChain’s memory modules (like ConversationBufferMemory or ChatMessageHistory)
can allow the chatbot to maintain session context. This would enable:

• Follow-up Questions: Users can ask, “What about last year’s sales?” after an initial
query.
• Persistent Conversations: Users can return to previous chats during a session.
• Context-Aware Filtering: Reduce need for repeating file or column references in
every question.

8.2.2 SQL Query Visibility & Explanation Mode

Allowing users to view the SQL query generated behind the scenes will enhance
transparency and trust. Additionally, offering a "Learn Mode" that provides a line-by-line
explanation of the SQL can:

• Educate non-technical users.

• Help beginners understand data querying.
• Promote SQL literacy in business environments.

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8.3 Technical Enhancements

8.3.1 Persistent Vector Indexing

To improve performance, especially with large files or repeated queries, a persistent vector
store (like FAISS, ChromaDB, or Weaviate) can be integrated. Benefits include:

• Faster Retrieval Times: Reuse stored embeddings instead of recalculating.

• Reduced Cold Start Delays: Save embeddings during file upload.
• Improved Scalability: Handle more complex schemas and multiple datasets.

8.3.2 Hybrid Retrieval Strategy

The current system uses semantic similarity for matching questions to schema. A hybrid
strategy combining keyword-based search and vector embeddings can improve
robustness, particularly when:

• User queries are poorly phrased.

• Datasets contain many similar column names.
• There's a need to boost exact matches in specific business-critical fields.

8.3.3 API Integration for Real-Time Data

While the system currently works with static uploads, integrating APIs (e.g., REST or
GraphQL) can enable:

• Real-Time Querying from cloud-based databases or enterprise systems.

• Scheduled Updates with the latest datasets.
• Multi-source Merging, allowing queries across merged datasets (e.g., Excel +
SQL).

8.4 Usability Enhancements

8.4.1 Multi-Language Support

To broaden adoption, the system could incorporate multilingual LLMs or translation

pipelines (e.g., Hugging Face MarianMT) to allow users to:

• Ask questions in regional languages.

• Receive translated results.
• Break the language barrier in non-English speaking organizations.

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1210212060108 Future Enhancements

8.4.2 Voice Interface Integration

Adding a voice-based input feature using libraries like SpeechRecognition or Whisper AI

would:

• Allow hands-free interaction.

• Improve accessibility for visually impaired users.
• Provide an edge in mobile or on-the-go use cases.

8.4.3 Dashboard and Visual Analytics

While the current system provides tabular results, integrating a simple dashboard layer
(using Streamlit charts or Plotly) can visually summarize:

• Top results from queries.

• Trends across fields (e.g., average yield over years).
• Drill-down views for power users.

8.5 Operational Enhancements

8.5.1 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

In enterprise use, multiple users may access the system with varying privileges. A
lightweight RBAC model would allow:

• Data protection by controlling upload and query permissions.

• Audit trail and activity logs for accountability.
• Role-specific dashboards and query templates.

8.5.2 Session Persistence and Logging

Currently, session data is not stored. By logging query sessions and results:

• Users can revisit past conversations.

• Admins can analyze common queries.
• Errors and failures can be diagnosed more efficiently.

8.6 Strategic Enhancements

8.6.1 Plugin Ecosystem

Creating a plugin-style architecture where users can add:

• Custom data parsers (e.g., XML, JSON).

• Industry-specific terminology dictionaries.
• External tools like dashboards or analytics layers.

This would make the system adaptable across industries like healthcare, agriculture,
logistics, etc.

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1210212060108 Future Enhancements

8.6.2 Deployment and Scalability

To move from a desktop prototype to a production-grade system, future plans could

include:

• Containerization (Docker) for consistent deployment.

• Cloud Hosting (AWS/GCP/Azure) for scalability.
• CI/CD Pipelines for automated testing and updates.

8.7 Conclusion

The current version of the structured data Q&A system has laid a strong foundation for
democratized data querying using natural language. However, to reach its full potential and
meet broader enterprise or cross-industry use cases, future versions must address existing
gaps while embracing new technologies. From adding multi-turn memory and vector
persistence to enabling dashboards and real-time integrations, the roadmap is rich with
opportunities. Prioritizing these enhancements based on user feedback and business needs
will ensure continuous evolution, scalability, and success.

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1210212060108 Conclusion and Final Summary

CHAPTER 9: CONCLUSION AND FINAL SUMMARY

9.1 Conclusion

This internship project focused on designing and developing a Structured Data Question-
Answering Chatbot using LangChain, GROQ AI, LLaMA LLM, and Hugging Face
Embeddings, with a frontend interface built using Streamlit. The system was
conceptualized, designed, and implemented entirely from scratch with the goal of enabling
non-technical users to interact with structured data (like Excel or CSV files) in a natural,
conversational manner—without writing a single line of SQL.

Throughout the course of the internship, a complete pipeline was developed, from data
ingestion to embedding generation, semantic context extraction, prompt creation, LLM-
based SQL generation, execution, and natural language response formatting. This end-to-
end intelligent system was engineered to democratize data querying, simplify insights
generation, and improve accessibility for business users, analysts, and decision-makers.

The project achieved all the planned objectives, including the successful integration of
cutting-edge AI tools and libraries, adherence to modular design principles, and usability-
focused frontend development. Each system component—from semantic schema
understanding to real-time question handling—was built with a focus on performance,
accuracy, and extensibility.

9.2 Final Summary

Project Title: Structured Data Question-Answering System using LangChain and LLMs

9.2.1 Objective Recap

• Build an intelligent chatbot capable of understanding natural language questions

related to structured data.
• Convert those questions into SQL queries using LLMs.
• Execute queries on user-uploaded datasets and return results in an interpretable
format.
• Ensure a user-friendly interface and robust backend processing pipeline.

9.2.2 Tools and Technologies Used

• LangChain – for chaining components and managing prompt templates.

• GROQ AI with LLaMA LLM – for generating accurate, efficient SQL queries
from user prompts.
• Hugging Face Transformers & Embeddings – for semantic vector representation
of schema and tables.
• Streamlit – for building an interactive and minimalist web UI.
• Pandas & SQLite – for internal data handling and query execution.

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1210212060108 Conclusion and Final Summary

9.2.3 Key Achievements

• Built a full pipeline from data upload to AI-based question answering.

• Implemented semantic search to match user queries with relevant table schema
using embeddings.
• Dynamically constructed context-aware prompts to improve query generation
accuracy.
• Designed a responsive and intuitive Streamlit interface with chat-based Q&A
functionality.
• Performed rigorous testing across multiple datasets and question types.

9.2.4 Internship Learning Outcomes

• Gained in-depth practical experience with LLM-based architectures, prompt

engineering, and NLP embeddings.
• Developed hands-on skills in LangChain orchestration, building semantic
pipelines, and API integration.
• Understood full-stack AI project development — from frontend to LLM inference
and backend storage.
• Learned to approach challenges such as prompt misalignment, query mismatches,
and schema disambiguation through iterative debugging.
• Strengthened knowledge of data privacy, memory optimization, and performance
tuning in AI-driven applications.

9.3 Closing Remarks

The completion of this internship project marks not just the development of a functional
AI-powered Q&A system, but also the beginning of an exciting journey into the
intersection of natural language processing, data analysis, and intelligent automation.
As AI continues to evolve, tools like this chatbot will play an increasingly important role
in bridging the gap between humans and data—making insights more accessible, data
exploration more intuitive, and decisions more informed.

The knowledge gained during this project will serve as a foundation for future innovations
in the field of applied AI. With strategic enhancements and continued experimentation, this
project has the potential to evolve into a scalable enterprise solution capable of
revolutionizing how organizations interact with structured data.

CVMU 36 A.D. Patel Institute of Technology

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CHAPTER 10: REFERENCES

1. LangChain Documentation: https://docs.langchain.com (Used for building
modular LLM-based pipelines and managing prompts and chains.)
2. Streamlit Documentation: https://docs.streamlit.io(Used to build the interactive
frontend interface of the chatbot.)
3. Hugging Face Transformers: https://huggingface.co/transformers/(Used for
generating sentence and column embeddings for semantic search.)
4. GROQ AI: https://groq.com(Used for high-speed inference of LLaMA-based
LLMs.)
5. LLaMA: Open Foundation Language Model: Meta AI Research
https://ai.meta.com/llama
(Used as the primary large language model for natural language to SQL
conversion.)
6. OpenAI - Prompt Engineering Guide:
https://platform.openai.com/docs/guides/prompt-engineering
(Referenced for crafting effective prompts and templates for LLM responses.)
7. PandasjhDocumentation
https://pandas.pydata.org/docs/
(Used for handling and preprocessing tabular data from uploaded CSV/Excel files.)
8. SQLiteghDocumentation
https://www.sqlite.org/docs.html
(Used for executing SQL queries against structured datasets.)
9. scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/
(For vector similarity calculations and nearest-neighbor search in semantic
matching.)
10. Semantic Search with Sentence Transformers: https://www.sbert.net
(Used for embedding generation and similarity-based schema matching.)
11. LangChain YouTube Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/c/LangChain
(Supplementary material for understanding real-world use cases and integrations.)
12. Python Official Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/
(For syntax, modules, and best practices.)
13. Towards Data Science Blog – Natural Language to SQL:
https://towardsdatascience.com
(Used for conceptual understanding of translating user queries into SQL.)

CVMU 37 A.D. Patel Institute of Technology