Scribd
Upload
14 views14 pages

Ed, - S Endings

The document outlines the rules for using -s, -es, and -ed endings in English, detailing their purposes such as forming plurals, conjugating verbs, showing possession, and creating contractions. It explains the three pronunciations of these endings based on the final sounds of the base words, including voiceless and voiced sounds. Additionally, it provides examples and practice exercises for proper pronunciation of these endings.

Uploaded by

ASMA AKOUNJIM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views14 pages

Ed, - S Endings

The document outlines the rules for using -s, -es, and -ed endings in English, detailing their purposes such as forming plurals, conjugating verbs, showing possession, and creating contractions. It explains the three pronunciations of these endings based on the final sounds of the base words, including voiceless and voiced sounds. Additionally, it provides examples and practice exercises for proper pronunciation of these endings.

Uploaded by

ASMA AKOUNJIM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

-s , -ed Endings

Plural and other S- Endings

There are four purposes for adding -s, -es, or 's to a word:
To create a plural noun (cats)
To conjugate a verb (snows)
To show possession (coach's, coaches')
To create a contraction (coach's meaning coach is or coach has)
There are actually three possible pronunciations:

/s/, /z/, and /ɪz/.

we actually choose the appropriate pronunciation, /s/, /z/, or /ɪz/,


based on the sound at the end of the main word.
The letters don’t matter, only the sound does.
Practicing the -s Ending After Voiceless Sounds: /s/

map /mæps/

cat /kæts/

pick /pɪks/

laugh /læfs/
Pronouncing the ‘s (Apostrophe S) After Possessives and Contractions

Kate’s, or /keɪts/

that’s, or /ðæts/.

That’s really cool! That’s Kate’s book.


Practicing the -s Ending After Voiced Sounds: /z/

“move” is “moves”: /muvz/

“road” is “roads :/roʊdz/


plan is plans : /plænz/,

“Call” is “calls”: /kɔlz/

“Kim’s video,” or “Kim’s on her way,” /kɪmz/


Pronouncing the -S Ending After Vowel Sounds

In fact, all vowel sounds are voiced.

“try” is “tries”: /traɪz/,

“she and “is” is she’s: /ʃiz/

Laura’s, with a /z/ at the end: /ˈlɔrəz/


Practicing the -es Ending After Certain Sounds: /ɪz/

Despite how it’s spelled, the -es ending actually sounds like /ɪz/.

We add /iz/ to words that end in the following sounds: /s/, /z/, /ks/, /ʃ/,
/tʃ/, /dʒ/.

misses, or /’mɪsɪz/. washes, or /’wɑʃɪz/

“teaches,” or /’titʃɪz/
“closes”: /’kloʊzɪz/
edges, or /’ɛdʒɪz/
mixes, or /’mɪksɪz/
Adding Past Tense Endings

1. Three Pronunciations of the -ed Ending


The -ed ending on past tense verbs and adjectives can be
pronounced in three ways: /t/, /d/, or /ɪd/. Which pronunciation to
use depends on the final sound (not the letter) of the base verb.
Here’s a breakdown:
Practicing the -ed Ending After Voiceless Sounds: /t/

Use /t/ when the base verb ends in a voiceless sound.


Voiceless sounds: Produced without vibrating the vocal cords (e.g., /p/,
/k/, /s/, /f/, /ʃ/).
Examples:
Look → Looked /lʊkt/
Laugh → Laughed /læft/
Wash → Washed /wɑʃt/
Miss → Missed /mɪst/
Practicing the -ed Ending After Voiced Sounds: /d/

Use /d/ when the base verb ends in a voiced sound


Voiced sounds: Produced with vocal cord vibration (e.g., /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/,
/m/, vowels).
Examples:
Plan → Planned /plænd/
Move → Moved /muːvd/
Hug → Hugged /hʌgd/
Agree → Agreed /əˈgrid/
Practicing the -ed Ending on Verbs That End in Vowel Sounds

For verbs that end in vowel sounds, the past tense -ed ending is
pronounced as /id/.

Play → Played /pleɪd/

Agree → Agreed /əˈgrid/

Try → Tried /traɪd/


Practicing the -ed Ending after “T” or “D” Sounds: /ɪd/

Use /ɪd/ when the base verb ends in /t/ or /d/.


Adding /ɪd/ creates an extra syllable to distinguish the past tense.
Examples:
Invite → Invited /ɪnˈvaɪtɪd/
Decide → Decided /dɪˈsaɪdɪd/
Reside → Resided /rɪˈzaɪdɪd/
Focus on the sound at the end of the base verb, not the spelling.
Practice with your hand on your throat to feel vibrations for voiced and
voiceless sounds.
For verbs ending in -e (e.g., close → closed /kloʊzd/), remember it’s the
sound that matters: /z/ is voiced, so the -ed is pronounced /d/.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy