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The document outlines three essential software structures in engineering: Module Structure, which organizes software into functional units; Component-and-Connector (C&C) Structure, which focuses on runtime interactions between components; and Allocation Structure, which maps software components to physical resources. Each structure plays a crucial role in system design, impacting maintainability, scalability, and efficiency. Understanding these structures aids developers in creating effective software systems.

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10 views

sad5

The document outlines three essential software structures in engineering: Module Structure, which organizes software into functional units; Component-and-Connector (C&C) Structure, which focuses on runtime interactions between components; and Allocation Structure, which maps software components to physical resources. Each structure plays a crucial role in system design, impacting maintainability, scalability, and efficiency. Understanding these structures aids developers in creating effective software systems.

Uploaded by

edosachala6186
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In software engineering, software structures refer to the organization of system

components and their relationships. These structures form the backbone of a system’s
design and directly impact maintainability, scalability, and efficiency. Here are three
important kinds of software structures: Module Structure, Component-and-
Connector (C&C) Structure, and Allocation Structure.

1. Module Structure

Definition:
The module structure organizes the software system into modules or units based on
functionality. Each module encapsulates a portion of the system's functionality and
has clearly defined interfaces.

Key Characteristics:

 Emphasizes decomposition into smaller, manageable units.


 Modules interact through interfaces.
 Promotes reusability and separation of concerns.

Types of Module Structures:

 Layered Architecture: Divides the system into horizontal layers.


 Domain-based Modules: Modules correspond to specific domains or features (e.g., User,
Product).
 Packages: Logical grouping of related classes or functions.

Example:

A Library Management System:

 Modules:

1. User Management (handles user registration and authentication).


2. Catalog Management (handles book search and categorization).
3. Transaction Management (handles borrowing and returning books).
4. Notifications (handles overdue reminders).

Diagram:

sql
Copy code
+-------------------+| User Management |+-------------------+| Catalog
Management|+-------------------+|Transaction Mgmt |+-------------------+|
Notifications |+-------------------+

2. Component-and-Connector (C&C) Structure


Definition:
The component-and-connector structure describes the runtime relationships between
components, such as communication, synchronization, and data flow. It focuses on
how the system operates rather than its static organization.

Key Characteristics:

 Components: Active elements like processes, objects, or subsystems.


 Connectors: Channels or mechanisms for communication (e.g., APIs, message queues).
 Describes interactions like procedure calls, event passing, or data streaming.

Types of C&C Structures:

 Client-Server: A server provides services to multiple clients.


 Event-Driven: Components interact via event notifications.
 Pipe-and-Filter: Data flows through processing components in a linear sequence.

Example:

A Video Streaming Service:

 Components:

1. Client App (requests video streams).


2. Streaming Server (delivers video streams).
3. Encoding Service (processes videos for streaming).
4. CDN (Content Delivery Network, caches and delivers content).

 Connectors:

o HTTP for client-server communication.


o Message queues for encoding service to notify the server.

Diagram:

arduino
Copy code
Client App <----HTTP----> Streaming Server <----CDN---->
|
Message Queue
|
Encoding Service

3. Allocation Structure

Definition:
The allocation structure maps software components to physical or virtual resources in
the environment where the system operates. It shows the relationship between
software and the system's deployment or execution platform.
Key Characteristics:

 Describes how software components are deployed on hardware.


 Optimizes resource utilization and performance.
 Focuses on deployment, assignment, or work allocation.

Types of Allocation Structures:

 Deployment: Maps components to hardware nodes (e.g., servers, containers).


 Work Assignment: Maps tasks or modules to development teams.
 Execution: Maps runtime processes to physical resources.

Example:

A Banking Application:

 Components:

1. Frontend Service (web interface).


2. Backend Service (business logic).
3. Database (stores transaction data).

 Allocation:

o Frontend Service runs on a web server.


o Backend Service runs on an application server.
o Database runs on a dedicated database server.

Diagram:

arduino
Copy code
+-------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+
| Web Server |<----->| Application Server|<----->| Database
Server |
| Frontend Service | | Backend Service | | Database |
+-------------------+ +------------------+ +------------------+

Comparison of the Three Structures

Module Allocation
Aspect C&C Structure
Structure Structure
Runtime
Static organization Deployment and
Focus interactions and
of code. resource mapping.
behaviors.
Efficiency and Scalability and
Maintainability
Purpose communication resource
and reusability.
flow. optimization.
Key Modules, Components, Nodes, resources,
Module Allocation
Aspect C&C Structure
Structure Structure
Element
interfaces. connectors. components.
s
Deployment of
Example Runtime data flow
Codebase design. cloud-based
Use Case in microservices.
services.

Conclusion

These three software structures are interconnected:

 Module Structure provides a blueprint for the static organization.


 C&C Structure ensures components interact effectively at runtime.
 Allocation Structure optimizes deployment and resource usage.

Understanding and applying these structures help developers create scalable,


maintainable, and efficient software systems.

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