Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions on what is right and what is wrong in

order to allow a person to make his or her own life’s decisions according to moral values.
Ethical theories are systematic ideas or frameworks that explain how people should act and why
certain actions are considered right or wrong. They provide principles and reasoning to guide
moral decision-making and behaviour. For instance, Plato (427-347BC) Believes in treating
people fairly (justice) basing on their needs and in other hand; teachers are advised to support all
students equally. Then, Aristotle (384-322BC) encourage teachers to lead by examples through
courage and fairness. And the last but not in important is Kant (1724-1804) insists on respect for
others and teachers are advised to create good channel of respect for others in school and out of
school compounds. Therefore, Ethical Theory and ethical principles are crucial aspects in
education. For teachers in Tanzania, understanding ethical theories proposed by key philosophers
like Plato, Aristotle, and Immanuel Kant is crucial in shaping their approach to the teacher-
student relationship as follows:
It provides moral frame work; According to Kant,I,(1785), Groundwork of the metaphysics of
morals.In his research of Ethics and academic integrity in humanities and social sciences,he
emphasize on duty and moral law can guide teacher in making principled decision in
classroom.It help teachers in making logic decisions which align between ethical standards and
enhance them to solve various situation which faces them in the classroom.Forexample in
providing punishment that balance to all students without favouring others so as to avoid moral
dilemma. In Tanzania the application of moral frame work in teacher-student relationship fosters
a supportive and ethical educational environment by modelling respect, responsibility and
fairness, teachers not only educate but also instil important values in their students.

It helps in consistency and fairness in diverse classroom; According to Plato.(c.380.BCE), The

Republic Plato nation of justice, encourage teachers to treat student fairly regardless of their
backgrounds. This help teachers to treat students equally regardless of their religion ethics,
groups or social economic status. It helps students to feel valued and respected also enhance
respective ness among students themselves because all students are being treated equally. Hence
ethical theory provides a framework that helps teacher navigate the complexities of diverse
classroom. Through applying the concept of fairness, empathy and justice teachers can form an
inclusive environment for student to feel respected and valued, this approach not only enhances
the educational experience but also prepares students to thrive in a multi cultural society.The
following bare the importance or roles of ethic in relationships between teachers and students

Ethics help teachers to maintain professional boundaries and use their authority responsibility;
According to Kant (1785)"ground work for metaphysics of moral and critical of practical reason"
emphasized the importance of moral duty and the principles of ethics and guiding human
behavior, Kant believed that actions should based on rules that everyone could follow without
contradiction, for example teachers should beat all students with farness and respect acting not
just for personal gain but out of a sense of duty to uphold moral values . through adhering to
those ethical principles teachers can challenge systematic injustice and create a supportive
leaning environment where every student is valued. Also in Tanzania society there is boundaries
between a Teacher and students that's why there is respect between teacher -students.

Ethics strength moral courage; According to Aristotle (384-322).Nicoma Cheam Ethics , this
helps an individual to develop confidence to stand up for what is right despite potential risks.
Also ethics theories highlights the significance of moral reasoning which helps an individual to
solve complex situation and make logic and clear decision that align with their values. This
theories it helps a person to have sense of responsibility and empower individual to fight against
unethical practices there by reinforcing their moral courage in various context including
education. Hence understanding ethics gives teachers the tools they need to recognize and
address unfair practice in education. When teachers are aware of what is right and just they can
stand up against inequalities that affect students and advocate for a more fair and equitable
system. This knowledge empower them to challenge polices and practices that harm students and
work to wards positive change in their school and communities.

Ethics helps in conflict resolution; ethical training equip teachers with the skills to resolve
conflict that may arise in the classroom ,Aristotle's virtue ethics emphasizes the importance of
character and practical wisdom in ethical decision-making. In the context of teacher-student
relationships, ethics plays a crucial role in conflict resolution by guiding teachers to act with
integrity, fairness, and care. This is particularly important in diverse classroom where differing
opinions and values that led to misunderstandings. Also Immanuel Kant's ethics provides a
framework for conflict resolution in teacher-student relationships by emphasizing respect for
autonomy, moral duty, universalizability, dialogue, and moral education, all of which contribute
to creating a constructive environment for addressing conflicts.

Ethics support cultural diversity and critical reflection on harmful practices; ethics encourage an
individual or society to respect and appreciate different cultural practices and perspectives also
enable critical reflection on harmful practices that may exist within any culture. Example child
marriage ,female genital mutilation , discrimination and racism. Immanuel Kant emphasis the
importance of treating people as ends in themselves which encourage critical reflection on action
that may violate human dignity and rights. His idea brought impact on ethics and philosophy.
Also in Tanzania many societies promote ethics which helps teachers to support cultural diversity
through teaching students different cultural practices also teachers collaborate with students and
community members at large to fight against harmful cultural practices through teaching students
and community members impact and strategies to fight against bad and harmful cultural
activities and practices.

Ethical theory it foster Critical Thinking. Plato's ethical framework emphasizes the concept of
the Good as an ultimate goal. He posits that understanding what is truly good leads to virtuous
actions. In a Tanzanian context, this can be illustrated through community leaders who embody
ethical decision-making based on a vision of the common good. For instance, consider a local
leader who prioritizes education initiatives over personal gain. This leader reflects Plato’s idea
that knowledge of the Good informs just actions. In critical thinking, Plato’s approach
encourages individuals to question their beliefs and seek deeper truths beyond surface-level
understanding. For example, when faced with corruption in local governance, citizens can apply
critical thinking by evaluating whether their actions align with the greater good for their
community. By fostering discussions around what constitutes justice and virtue, they can
challenge unethical practices and promote accountability.

Aristotle's Ethical Theory and Role Models

Aristotle’s ethical theory centers on virtue ethics, which emphasizes character development and
the cultivation of virtues such as courage, temperance, and justice. In Tanzania, role models who
exemplify these virtues can significantly influence societal norms and behaviors. For instance, a
successful entrepreneur who practices fair trade principles not only achieves personal success but
also uplifts local communities by ensuring equitable treatment for workers. Aristotle argues that
virtues are developed through practice; thus, role models play a crucial part in shaping ethical
behavior within society. When young people observe leaders who demonstrate integrity and
responsibility such as teachers or business owners committed to social welfare—they are more
likely to emulate these virtues in their own lives. This creates a ripple effect where ethical
behavior becomes ingrained in community culture.

Generally ethical theories play a crucial role in guiding individuals and societies toward making
moral decisions that promote fairness, justice, and the well-being of all. By providing
frameworks such as deontology, utilitarianism, and virtue ethics, these theories help us navigate
complex moral dilemmas and foster a deeper understanding of our responsibilities to ourselves
and others. Engaging with ethical theories not only enhances personal moral development but
also contributes to the establishment of a more just and equitable society. Ultimately, the study of
ethics is essential for cultivating responsible citizens who can thoughtfully address the challenges
of modern life.

REFERENCE
Aristotle. (2009). Nicomachean Ethics* (W. D. Ross, Trans.). Oxford University Press.
Kant, I. (2012). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (M. Gregor, Ed. & Trans.).
Cambridge University Press.
Plato. (1991). The Republic (B. Jowett, Trans.). Random House.