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Group Assignment 01 - Pf

The document outlines the five generations of programming languages, detailing their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. It explains how each generation, from machine language to artificial intelligence programming, represents advancements in abstraction and usability. Examples of languages from each generation are provided, illustrating their specific uses and contexts.

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4 views4 pages

Group Assignment 01 - Pf

The document outlines the five generations of programming languages, detailing their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. It explains how each generation, from machine language to artificial intelligence programming, represents advancements in abstraction and usability. Examples of languages from each generation are provided, illustrating their specific uses and contexts.

Uploaded by

hackingworldu4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES

RAWALPINDI
Department of Software Engineering

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

Submitted To:
Mam Sehrish Ferdous
Submitted By:
 Muhammad Umer (NUML-F24-36239)
 Muhammad Shamikh Mehdi (NUML-F24-44427)
 Hanzila Kamran (NUML-F24-300150)
 Saif Ur Rehman (NUML-F24-11808)
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF MODERN LANGUAGES
RAWALPINDI
Group Assignment # 01

Question: What are the Generations of Programming Languages, Describe


the uses of different languages in different generations.

Programming Languages & it's Generations


Programming Language:
A programming language allows programmers (developers) to communicate with
computers. It’s a unique set of rules and terms that enables people to talk to
computers. Programming languages are classified into five generations, each
representing advances in abstraction, ease of use, and functionality.

1. First Generation (1GL) – Machine Language:


Characteristics: Machine language is the most basic programming language. It
consists entirely of binary digits (0s and 1s), and programs are written directly for
the hardware of a specific machine.
Advantages: Extremely fast execution since it's the native language of the
computer.
Disadvantages: Very difficult for humans to read, write, and debug. Programs are
hardware-dependent and not portable.
Example: Assembly code is written in binary.

2. Second Generation (2GL) – Assembly Language:


Characteristics: Assembly language uses mnemonic codes (e.g. ADD, MOV) to
represent machine-level instructions. It's a small step above machine language
but still hardware-specific.
Advantages: Easier than writing in binary; provides more control over hardware.
Disadvantages: Assembly languages remain closely connected to hardware and
demand a thorough understanding of the system's architecture.
Example: Assembly language varies for different processors (e.g. x86 and ARM).

3. Third Generation (3GL) – High-Level Language:


Characteristics: High-level programming languages abstract away most
hardware details, using English-like syntax that is easier for humans to
understand.
Advantages: Portable across different systems, easier to write, read, and
maintain than assembly language. Compilers or interpreters are used to translate
high-level code into machine code.
Disadvantages: Less control over hardware compared to assembly.
Examples: C, C++, Java, Python, Fortran.

4. Fourth Generation (4GL) – Declarative Language:


Characteristics: 4GLs emphasize what a program should achieve rather than how
to do it. Commonly used for database manipulation, report generation, and GUI
development, they simplify coding, allowing faster application development and
enabling non-programmers to contribute.
Advantages: Very efficient and can decrease the amount of code required to
complete tasks.
Disadvantages: Less flexible and slower performance compared to lower-level
languages for certain tasks.
Examples: SQL, MATLAB, Oracle Reports, SAS.

5. Fifth Generation (5GL) – Artificial Intelligence & Logic Programming:


Characteristics: 5GLs focus on solving problems by using constraints set for the
program, rather than following a step-by-step method. These languages are often
used in artificial intelligence (AI) and knowledge-based systems.
Advantages: Allows for more complex problem-solving, aiming to make
computers "think" and solve problems autonomously.
Disadvantages: Requires significant computational resources and advanced
knowledge.
Examples: Prolog, LISP (in the context of AI), and more recently languages for
neural networks and machine learning frameworks (e.g. TensorFlow & Keras).

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