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PURANMALLAHOTIGOVERNMENTPOLYTECHNIC,LATUR

Departmentof Mechanical Engineering

ProjectReport

On

“Arduino based smart vacuum cleaner robot”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of

DiplomainMechanicalEngineering
By
RollNo 50 TandleYash Jyotiba 2200160486
RollNo 51 BilolikarOmSantosh 23510210748
RollNo 52 MalideOmkarDigambar 23510210751

UndertheGuidanceof

Dr. K. R. Kadam

Prof,Mech.Engg.Dept.

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr/Ms Bilolikar Om. S, Tandale Yash J, Malide Omkar D. fromMechanical
Engineering Department, Puranmal Lahoti Government Polytechnic Latur InstituteEnrolment No.
23510210748, 2200160486, 23510210751 completed project (Capston Project Evaluation –
22050) of final year having title “Arduino-based smart vacuum cleaner robot ” During the
academic year 2024-2025. The project completed by individually/ in a group consisting Of 3
members under the faculty guide.

Guide HOD(Mech. Dept.) Principal

Dr. K.R.Kadam Prof.V.D.Nitnaware Prof.V.D. Nitnaware

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere and heartily thanks to Dr. K. R.
Kadam, for his timely guidance and inspiration, without which my work would not have been
completed.Apartfrom the suggestion ofthe topic to thecompletionof thework,he has taken deep and
sincere interest and has rendered every help that was needed.
IwishtoexpressmythanksMr.VDNitnawareHead,MechEngg.Dept.,forhissupportand the help
extended.I must express my deep sense of gratitude toMr. V DNitnaware, Principal,
PuranmalLahotiGovernmentPolytechnicLatur, for making various facilities available. I amalso
thankful to my parents and all those known and unknown persons who helped me.

Sr.No Members Name RollNo.

1. Tandaleyash Jyotiba 50
2. BilolikarOmSantosh 51
3. MalideOmkarDigambar 52

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ABSTRACT

The advancement of automation and smart technologies has significantly improved

convenience in daily life. This project focuses on the design and development of an
Arduino-basedSmartVacuumCleaner,aimedatprovidinganefficientandcost-effective
solution for automated cleaning. The system integrates an Arduino microcontroller with
essentialcomponentssuchasmotors,sensors,andavacuummechanismtoautonomously
navigate and clean surfaces.

Key features of the vacuum cleaner include obstacle detection using ultrasonic sensors,
optimizedcleaningpatterns,andadjustablesuctionpowertohandlevarioussurfacetypes. The
compact design (25 cm x 20 cm x 6 cm) ensures accessibility to tight spaces, while the
onboard dust storage and rechargeable power system enhance usability. The project
emphasizes energy efficiency, reliability, and ease of operation, making it suitable for
residential and commercial applications.

This report details the step-by-step process of the robot’s development, including
componentselection,circuitdesign,programming,andtesting.Advantagesofthissystem
include reduced human effort, improved cleaning efficiency, and eco-friendly operation.
The project demonstrates how Arduino-based systems can contribute to smart home
technologies, providing a practical and scalable cleaning solution.

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CONTENT

PAGE
Sr.No. TITLE
NO.

TitlePage 1
Certificate 2

Acknowledgements 3

Abstract 4

ContentPage 5

Chapter1 Introduction 6

Chapter2 LiteratureSurvey 9
Scopeof Project
Chapter3 12

Chapter4 Methodology 14
Chapter5 DetailsofDesigns,workingandprocesses 15
Chapter6 ResultsandApplications 25
Chapter7 ConclusionsandFutureScope 27
ReferencesandBibliography 28

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CHAPTER1

A] INTRODUCTION:-

Thegrowingdemandforautomationineverydaytaskshasspurredinnovationsthatmakelifemoreconvenientand
efficient.Onesuchadvancementisthedevelopmentofsmartvacuumcleanerrobots,whichintegrateintelligent
technologytoperformcleaningtasksautonomously.Thisproject,titled“Arduino-BasedSmartVacuumCleaner,”
aimstodesignanddevelopacost-effective,compact,andefficientroboticvacuumcleanerusingArduinoasitscore controller.

Thedevicecombinesthefunctionalityofavacuumcleanerwithsmartautomationcapabilities,makingitsuitableforsmall-
scalecleaningapplicationsinhomesor offices.Keyfeatures includeautonomousnavigation,efficientdust
collection,andreal-timeobstacleavoidance,poweredbysensorsandprogrammedlogic.Thisprojectleverages
engineeringprinciplesinmechatronics,electronics,andprogrammingtoprovideauser-friendlyandenergy- efficient
solution to modern cleaning needs.

Thisreportoutlinestheconceptual design,componentselection,workingprinciples, and advantagesoftheArduino-

basedsmartvacuumcleaner,demonstratingitspotentialtoenhancedailylifethroughautomationandinnovation.

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CHAPTER2

B] LITERATURE SURVEY:-

PAGE1

a. AutonomousVacuumCleaner Design
Severalstudies have explored the design of autonomous vacuumcleaners. These systems are oftenequipped with ultrasonic
sensors for obstacle detection andavoidance. Researchershave implementedalgorithms like PID control and fuzzy logic to
ensureefficientnavigationandcleaning.Forexample,Alkaretal.(2020)developeda prototype thatutilizedArduinoMega, IR
sensors, and a DC motor-driven vacuum system for efficient cleaning.

b. IntegrationofSensorsandNavigation Systems
Smartvacuumcleanersoftenincorporatemultiplesensorstoenhancefunctionality.Ultrasonic,IR,andLIDARsensorsare
commonly used for mapping and obstacleavoidance. Studies by Zhang etal.(2021) showed thatusing Arduino forsensor
integration offers a cost-effective solution for developing intelligent navigation systems.

c. Power Management
Ensuringsufficientbatterylifewhilemaintainingsuctionpowerisacriticalchallenge.Studiesproposetheuseofoptimized motor
drivers and power-efficient components.

d. DustCollectionMechanism
Researchemphasizestheimportanceofdesigningcompactyeteffectivedustcollectionsystems.Forinstance,Pateletal. (2019)
developed a vacuum cleaner with a 500 ml capacity optimized for small-scale cleaning tasks.

Arduino-based smartvacuumcleanersare a promising innovation in the domain of home automation. By leveraging the
versatilityofArduino,developerscancreatecost-effective,efficient,andfeature-richdevices.Thissurveyhighlightsthe need for
continued research in power optimization, advanced navigation, and AI integration to further enhance the capabilities of
these devices.

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Chapter3

SCOPEOF PROJECT

The project aims to provide a more efficient and user-friendly cleaning solution as compared to conventional
vacuum cleaners. The Arduino-based smart vacuum cleaner robot is designed to be a more automated, low-effort
solution, reducing the manual effort required for cleaning tasks. This project holds significant potential for future
expansion due to its ease of use, adaptability, and energy efficiency.
1. FOR ACADEMICS

The Arduino-based smart vacuum cleaner robot incorporates various mechanical, electrical, and programming
principles that we have studied throughout our academic journey. This project integrates components such as
motors, sensors, microcontrollers (Arduino), and basic mechanical systems to design and build a fully functional
vacuum cleaning robot. It gives us an opportunity to apply concepts from subjects like Electronics, Embedded
Systems, Robotics, Control Systems, and Programming, which are critical in designing automation systems.

This project allows students to reinforce their knowledge of:

 Microcontroller Programming (Arduino)

 Embedded Systems
 Robotics and Automation
 Sensor Technologies
 Control Systems

It is a hands-on application that helps to bridge the gap between theory and real-world engineering solutions.

2. FOR SOCIETY
In today’s busy lifestyle, people seek ways to make everyday tasks more efficient, and cleaning is one of the most
time-consuming chores. The smart vacuum cleaner robot is a step towards smart home automation. By integrating
Arduino and smart technologies, this vacuum cleaner robot can operate autonomously, thus reducing human
intervention.

For society, this project can bring multiple benefits:

 Increased convenience: It saves time and effort, allowing people to focus on other important tasks.
 Energyefficiency: With its automation, it can optimize cleaning paths and reduce power consumption, making it
a more eco-friendly option compared to traditional vacuum cleaners.
 Accessibility:
It provides a solution to people with mobility issues or disabilities, who may find traditional
cleaning methods challenging.
 Improved hygiene: The robot can clean areas that are hard to reach by hand, providing a more thorough cleaning
solution and contributing to better health and hygiene.

The increasing reliance on automation and IoT in everyday life makes this project an essential step in the evolution
of home and office cleaning systems.
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3. AIM AND OBJECTIVES

Our main aim and objective are to design and develop an Arduino-based Smart Vacuum Cleaner Robot with
the following goals:

 Autonomous operation: The robot is designed to move around a room autonomously, detecting and avoiding
obstacles while cleaning surfaces effectively.
 Efficient Cleaning: The robot should clean all types of floor surfaces, detecting dirt, dust, and debris, and
efficiently collecting them using a vacuum mechanism.
 Low-power consumption: By optimizing its operations with sensors, the robot will minimize unnecessary
movement and conserve energy.
 User-friendly design: The robot should be easy to operate, with an intuitive control system and user interface.
 Improved mobility: The robot should be able to navigate through tight spaces, under furniture, and in corners
to ensure complete room cleaning.

4. MODIFICATIONS

The potential modifications that could enhance the current design of the Arduino-based Smart Vacuum Cleaner
Robot include:

Enhanced Navigation System: We can integrate advanced sensors (such as LIDAR or ultrasonic sensors) for
. improved navigation, obstacle detection, and mapping of the cleaning area.

 Mapping and Path Optimization: Implementing algorithms for path optimization will allow the robot to clean
more efficiently by minimizing repetitive cleaning of the same area and avoiding missed spots.
 Multiple Cleaning Modes: Different cleaning modes (e.g., spot cleaning, edge cleaning) can be added to make
the robot more versatile.
 Battery and Charging Mechanism: Incorporating a more efficient battery system with a self-charging mechnism
(such as wireless charging) will improve the robot’s autonomy and reduce the need for manual intervention.
 App Integration: Developing a mobile app for remote control and monitoring can provide users with more
control over the robot's operations and performance.
 Improved Vacuum Mechanism: Upgrading the vacuuming system for better suction power and more efficient
dirt collection.
 Voice Control Integration: Integrating the system with voice assistants like Amazon Alexa or Google Assistant
to allow voice commands for operation.
 AI and Machine Learning: Implementing AI algorithms that can learn from the environment and improve
cleaning efficiency over time by adapting to different surfaces and obstacles.

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CHAPTER4
D] Methodology:-
1. ProblemAnalysisandRequirementGathering
 Studyexistingvacuumcleaningsystemsand
their limitations.
 Definekeyrequirementssuchasnavigation,
cleaning efficiency, obstacledetection,and
affordability.

2. SystemDesign
 Developaschematicforthevacuumcleaner
integrating Arduino as the control unit.
 Choosehardwarecomponents,including:
 Sensors(IR/Ultrasonicforobstacle
detection, dust sensors for surface
monitoring).
 Motors(DCmotorsformovementand
suction).
 Powersource(rechargeablebatteries).

3. ComponentIntegration
 Assemble components on a custom chassis
withdesignatedsectionsforsensors,motors,
and a dust-collection bin.
 ConnectcomponentstotheArduinoboard
following the schematic design.

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4. ProgrammingandControl
 WriteArduinocodefornavigation,obstacle
avoidance, and cleaning tasks.
 Implementalgorithms for:
 Pathplanning(randomorsystematic
cleaning).
 Obstacledetectionandre-routing.
 Speedcontrolforefficientcleaning.

5. TestingandIteration
 Conduct performance tests in different
environments(smoothfloors,carpets,and
cluttered spaces).
 Adjustparameterslikemotorspeed,sensor
range,andsuctionpowerbasedonresults.
 Resolveissueslikegettingstuck,insufficient
cleaning, or battery inefficiency.

6. User Interface(Optional)
 Addbasiccontrolssuchasastart/stop
button or an LED status indicator.
 Explorethepossibilityofwirelesscontrol
using Bluetooth or Wi-Fi modules.

7. CostAnalysisandOptimization
 Comparethetotalcostoftheprototypewith

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commercially availableproducts.
 Optimize the design to reduce
manufacturingcostswhilemaintaining
functionality.

8. FinalAssemblyandDemonstration
 Assembletheoptimizedprototype.
 Prepare a demonstration showcasing
obstacleavoidance,cleaningefficiency,and
user-friendly operation.

 Problemdefinition:-

The growing demand for efficient household cleaning solutions has led to the rise of autonomous vacuum
cleaners. However, commercially available options are often expensive, limiting their accessibility for budget-
conscioususers.Additionally,manysuchdeviceslackcustomizationoptionsforspecificcleaningtasks,suchas targeting
high-traffic areas or adapting to diverse floor types.

Theproblemliesindesigning acost-effective,programmable,and customizablesmartvacuumcleanerusingan

Arduino-based system. This device should integrate basic cleaning mechanisms with sensors and automation,
providing efficient cleaning while being accessible to users who may wish to modify or upgrade the system to
meet their specific needs.

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CHAPTER5
E] DETAILED WORKING AND TESTING PROCEDURE
1. Understandingthe System:-
 Beforestarting,familiarizeyourselfwiththekeycomponentsandtheirfunctions:
 ArduinoBoard:Thebrainoftherobot,controllingalloperations.
 DCMotors:Drivethewheels andsuctionfan.
 MotorDriver(L298N):Controlsthemotors’speedanddirection.
 UltrasonicSensors:Detectobstaclesandpreventcollisions.
 Infraredsensor:Detecttheclipandavoidfromfalling
 Dustsensors :detectthedustlevelin surrounding
 DustSuctionFan:Createssuctiontocollect dust.
 PowerSupply:Batterytopowertherobot.
 Chassis:Bodystructuretoholdall components.

2. WiringandConnections:-

1. MotorDriver(L298N)toArduinoandMotors:
The motor driver controls the direction and speed of the DC motors.

2. MotorConnections:
ConnectMotor1wirestoOUT1andOUT2ontheL298Nmodule.
ConnectMotor2wirestoOUT3andOUT4ontheL298N module.

 Power Connections:
Connectthemotordriver’sVCCtothepositiveterminalofthe battery.
ConnectGNDonthemotordrivertothebattery’snegativeterminalandArduino’sGND.

 ArduinoControlPins:
ConnectIN1,IN2,IN3,andIN4onthe motordriver toArduinodigitalpins(e.g.,D4,D5,D6,D7).
IfusingPWMforspeedcontrol,connectthemotordriver’sEN1andEN2toArduinoPWMpins(e.g.,D3,D9).

3. UltrasonicSensor(HC-SR04)
Theultrasonicsensordetectsobstaclesinfrontofthe robot.
 Power Connections:
Connect VCC on the sensor to Arduino’s 5V.
ConnectGNDonthesensortoArduino’sGND.
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 SignalPins:
ConnecttheTRIGpintoanArduinodigitalpin(e.g.,D8). Connect
the ECHO pin to another digital pin (e.g., D9).

4. Infrared Sensor
TheIRsensorisusedforedgedetectionorlinefollowing

 Power Connections:
Connect VCC on the IR sensor to Arduino’s 5V.
ConnectGNDontheIRsensortoArduino’sGND.

 SignalPin:
ConnecttheOUTpinoftheIRsensortoanArduinodigitalpin(e.g.,D10)

5. Dust Sensor
Thedustsensormeasuresairqualityordustdensity.

 Power Connections:
Connect VCC on the dust sensor to Arduino’s 5V.
ConnectGNDonthedustsensortoArduino’sGND.

 SignalPin:
ConnecttheOUToranalogpinofthedustsensortoanArduinoanalogpin(e.g.,A0).

6. SuctionFan
Thesuctionfancollectsdustduring cleaning.

 Power Connections:
Connectthe fandirectly tothe battery if itoperatesonthe same voltage (e.g.,12V).
IfusingArduinocontrol,connectthefantoamotordriveroutputorarelaymodule.

7. PowerSupply(Battery)

1. Connectthepositiveterminalofthebatterytothemotordriver’sVCC.
2. Connectthebattery’snegativeterminaltothemotordriver’sGNDandArduino’sGND.
3. IftheArduinoneedsanexternalpowersource,usetheVinpintoconnectthe battery.

8. WiringDiagram(Simplified)
 ArduinoConnections:
DigitalPinsD4,D5,D6,D7:Motordrivercontrol(IN1,IN2,IN3,IN4). Digital
Pins D8, D9: Ultrasonic sensor (TRIG, ECHO).
Digital Pin D10: IR sensor
AnalogPinA0:Dustsensor

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 MotorDriverConnections:
OUT1, OUT2: Motor 1.
OUT3,OUT4:Motor2.
VCC:Battery positiveterminal.
GND:BatterynegativeterminalandArduino GND.

9. FinalSteps:
Double-checkallconnectionstoensuretherearenoshortcircuits. Use
insulating tape or heat shrink tubes for exposed wires.
Power upthe robotandtesteachcomponent(motors,sensors,fan) individually toconfirmproper functionality. This
wiring and connection guide ensures that all components are properly linked, enabling the robot tofunction
efficiently.
Connections

Detailedworking:-

1. UltrasonicSensor(ObstacleDetectionandAvoidance)

Purpose:Detectobstaclesintherobot’spath.

 HowIt Works:
Theultrasonicsensorconsistsofa transmitterandareceiver. The
transmitter emits ultrasonic sound waves.
Thesewavesbounceoffobjectsandreturntothe receiver.
Thetimetakenforthewavestoreturnisusedtocalculatethedistanceoftheobjectusingtheformula: Arduino
reads the distance using the TRIG (trigger) and ECHO pins.
Ifthedistanceisbelowacertainthreshold(e.g.,20cm),therobotstopsandreroutestoavoidcollisions.

ExampleCode:
Int trigPin = 8;
IntechoPin=9;

Void setup() {
pinMode(trigPin,OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

Void loop() {
digitalWrite(trigPin,LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin,HIGH);

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delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin,LOW);

longduration=pulseIn(echoPin,HIGH); int
distance = duration * 0.034 / 2;

Serial.println(distance);
Delay(100);
}

2. Infrared(IR)Sensor(LineDetectionandEdgeAvoidance):-
Purpose: Detect edges (like stairs) or follow lines.

 HowIt Works:
TheIRsensoremitsinfraredlightthroughanLED.
Ifthesurfacereflectsthelight,thesensordetectsit(highsignal).
Ifthesurfaceabsorbsthelight(likeablacksurface),thesensordoesn’tdetectit(lowsignal).

 IntheRobot:
Detectsedgestopreventtherobotfromfalling(e.g.,stairs).
Canalsobeusedtofollowapredefinedpath(blacklineonawhite floor).

ExampleCodeforEdgeDetection: Int
irSensorPin = 2;
Void setup() {
pinMode(irSensorPin,INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
Voidloop(){
IntirValue=digitalRead(irSensorPin); If
(irValue == HIGH) {
Serial.println(“Safe”);
}else{
Serial.println(“EdgeDetected”);
//Stopmotorsorturn
}
Delay(100);
}

3. DustSensor(Dust Detection)

Purpose:Detectandmonitortheamountofdustbeingcollected.

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 HowIt Works:
DustsensorsliketheSharpGP2Y1010AU0FuseaninfraredLEDandphotodiode.
Whendustparticlespassthroughthesensor,theyscattertheIRlight,whichthephotodiodedetects. The
amount of scattered light corresponds to the dust concentration.

 IntheRobot:
Measurethedustconcentrationintheairduringcleaning. Display
or log the data to ensure cleaning efficiency.

ExampleCode:

IntdustPin=A0;

Void setup() {
pinMode(dustPin,INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

Voidloop(){
Int dustValue = analogRead(dustPin);
Floatvoltage=dustValue*(5.0/1023.0);
Float dustDensity = (voltage – 0.9) / 0.5;

Serial.print(“DustDensity:“);
Serial.print(dustDensity);
Serial.println(“mg/m3”);
Delay(100);
}

4. MotorDriver(L298N)
Purpose:Controlthespeedanddirectionofthe motors.

 HowIt Works:
Themotordriverreceivessignalsfromthe Arduino.
Dependingonthesignal(HIGH/LOW),itcontrolsthepolarityofthemotor,changingits direction.
PulseWidthModulation(PWM)isusedtocontrolthemotor’s speed.

 IntheRobot:
Drives the wheels for movement (forward, backward, turn).
Canalsocontrolthesuctionmotorforvariablesuctionpower.

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ExampleCodeforMotorControl: Int

in1 = 4, in2 = 5, enA = 3;

Void setup() {
pinMode(in1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(enA,OUTPUT);
}

Void loop() {
digitalWrite(in1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2, LOW);
analogWrite(enA,150);//Setspeed(0-255)
delay(1000);

digitalWrite(in1, LOW);
digitalWrite(in2, HIGH);
analogWrite(enA,150);//Reverse
delay(1000);
}

5. SuctionFan:-
Purpose:Createsuctiontocollectdust.

 HowIt Works:
ThefanispoweredbyaDCmotor.
Thesuctionforcepullsdustintoacollection bin.

 IntheRobot:
Operatescontinuouslywhiletherobotisrunning.
OptionallycontrolledbytheArduinothrougharelayormotordriverforON/OFFfunctionality.

6. PowerSupply(Battery):-
Purpose:Providepowertoall components.
 HowIt Works:
ThebatterysuppliespowertotheArduino,motors,andsensors.
Avoltageregulatorensuresconsistentvoltagetosensitive components.

 IntheRobot:
Chooseabatterywithsufficientcapacitytoensurelongoperation.

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Layoutdiagram:-

 FigureNo1:-isometricview

 FigureNo2 :-sideview

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CHAPTER6

Conclusion:-

Results from our Executed Capstone Project

 The Arduino-based Smart Vacuum Cleaner has successfully automated the vacuuming process by using
sensors and a smart control system, reducing the human effort required to clean spaces.
 The model is compact and lightweight, making it easy to operate and maneuver in tight spaces.
 The vacuum cleaner operates with minimal noise due to its optimized motor and low energy consumption,
which makes it eco-friendly and efficient.
 The suction power is adjustable, allowing the user to set different levels based on the surface (carpet, tile,
hardwood, etc.).
 The cleaning path is optimized using an algorithm that allows the vacuum cleaner to cover more area in less
time while avoiding obstacles.
 The system is powered by Arduino, making it affordable and easy to upgrade with additional features such as
Wi-Fi control or app integration.
 Sensors detect dirt or debris, and the vacuum automatically increases suction power in those areas for a more
thorough cleaning.
 The vacuum cleaner can be programmed to follow a specific cleaning pattern, ensuring all areas of the floor
are cleaned properly.

This Project’s Application can be Seen for:

1. Residential cleaning – For cleaning homes, apartments, and office spaces.

2. Commercial cleaning – For large office buildings, hotels, and shopping malls.
3. Smart homes – Can be integrated with home automation systems for automated cleaning schedules.
4. Car cleaning – Can be used for cleaning car interiors effectively.
5. Healthcare facilities – Used in hospitals and clinics for keeping the floors clean and sterile.
6. Industrial and factory cleaning – Suitable for warehouses or large spaces that require continuous cleaning.

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Resources and Consumables Required

Here are the costs required for the capstone project done by our group:

Sr.
Description of Item Material Quantity Rate per Unit Cost
No.
1 Overall Structure / Frame M.S. 01 1500 1500
2 Arduino Microcontroller Plastic 01 500 500
3 Motors (DC) Copper/Aluminum 02 300 600
4 Wheels Rubber 02 120 240
5 Sensors (Proximity & Dirt) Electronic 02 100 200
6 Battery (Rechargeable) Lithium-Ion 01 600 600
7 Dustbin / Dust Collection Plastic 01 250 250
8 Vacuum Filter Cloth/Plastic 01 150 150
9 Wheels Motor (Suction motor) Alloy Steel 01 400 400
10 Delivery Pipe (Airflow system) PVC 01 150 150
11 Wiring and Connectors Copper/Plastic 01 100 100
12 Screws and Bolts Stainless Steel 06 20 120
13 Miscellaneous Components Various Materials 01 100 100
14 Other Expenses - - - 00

| Total Cost | | | | ₹ 5160 |

The total expense for our Capstone Project is ₹5160/-. Approximate we can say ₹5200/- is required to build our
capstone project. So, each group member should contribute ₹1300/- equally between group members.

The analysis of rates and the cost estimation is done to evaluate the economic feasibility of the developed
Arduino-based smart vacuum cleaner. The required total cost for the fabrication of the vacuum cleaner is found
out to be ₹5200/- as shown in the above table.

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REFERENCE:-

➢ Books

1. ArduinoProjectHandbook:25PracticalProjectstoGetYouStarted”by Mark
Geddes

ThisbookprovidesbeginnertointermediateprojectsusingArduino,whichcan serve as
a foundation for

Buildingthe robot’scontrolsystem.

2. ProgrammingArduino:GettingStartedwithSketches”bySimonMonk

Useful for understanding Arduino programming basics, which is vital for

controllingtherobot’sfunctions.

3. Datasheetsand TechnicalManuals

ArduinoUno/Megadocumentation,motordriverdatasheets(e.g.,L298N),and sensor
guides (e.g., IR or

Ultrasonicsensors)areessentialreferencesforpreciseimplementation.

➢ Link

a) ArduinoDocumentation:

OfficialArduinowebsite(https://www.arduino.cc)

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Providestutorials,examples,andareferenceguideforprogrammingand

Hardware.

b) DIYRoboticsand MakerWebsites:

AdafruitLearningSystem(https://learn.adafruit.com)

SparkFunTutorials(https://learn.sparkfun.com)

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