MID-SESSION EXAM

STAT2020
FALL 2024
I. MCQS (9 points in total, each question is 0.25 points)
1. The measurement scale suitable for quantitative data is _____ scale.
a. the ordinal
b. the nominal
c. either the interval or ratio
d. only the interval

2. In a sample of 400 students in a university, 80 or 20% are Business majors. Based on the
above information, the school's paper reported that " 20% of all the students at the
university are Business majors." This report is an example of
a. a sample.
b. a population.
c. statistical inference.
d. descriptive statistics.

3. Since a sample is a subset of the population, the sample mean _____ the mean of the
population.
a. is always smaller
than
b. is always larger than
c. must be equal to
d. varies around
4. After graduation ceremonies at a university, six graduates were asked whether they were
in favor of (identified by 1) or against (identified by 0) abortion. Some information about
these graduates is shown below.​
​

Abortion Class
Graduate Sex Age Issue Rank
Marissa F 24 1 1
Jason M 22 1 2
Wendy F 41 0 3
Edward M 38 0 20
Jennifer F 25 1 4
Tim M 19 0 8

Are arithmetic operations appropriate for the variable "abortion issue"?

a. Yes
b. It depends on the variable Graduate
 c. No
d. Can only conclude after trying one arithmetic operation

5. In a data set following normal distribution, the smallest value

a. can never be negative.
b. can never be zero.
c. can never be less than the
median.
d. can be any value.
6. The numerical value of the standard deviation can never be
a. larger than the variance.
b. zero.
c. negative.
d. smaller than the
variance.

7. Given the following information:​

Standard deviation = 8
Coefficient of variation = 64%
The mean would then be
a. 12.5
.
b. 8.
c. 0.64
.
d. 1.25
.

8. The sample of closing stock price of MNM Corporation for the last 7 trading days is
shown below.​
​

Day Stock Price

1 24
2 27
3 24
4 28
5 25
6 30
7 31
​
The point estimator of the population mean is
a. 24
.
b. 25
.
c. 26
.
d. 27
.

9. Which of the following is not a measure of variability of a single variable?​

a. Range
b. ​Covariance
c. S
​ tandard
deviation
d. ​Interquartile range

10. The symbol ∩ shows the

a. union of events.
b. intersection of two events.
c. sum of the probabilities of
events.
d. sample space.

11. In the set of all past due accounts, let the event A mean the account is between 31 and 60
days past due and the event B mean the account is that of a new customer. The
complement of A is all
a. new customers.
b. accounts fewer than 31 or more than 60 days past due.
c. accounts from new customers and all accounts that are from 31 to 60 days past
due.
d. new customers whose accounts are between 31 and 60 days past due.

12. Which of the following is not a proper sample space when all undergraduates at a
university are considered?
a. S = {in-state, out-of-state}
b. S = {freshmen, sophomores}
c. S = {age under 21, age 21 or over}
d. S = {a business major, not a business
major}

13. The weight of an object is an example of

a. a continuous random variable.
b. a discrete random variable.
c. either a continuous or a discrete random variable, depending on the nature of the object.
d. either a continuous or a discrete random variable, depending on the unit of
measurement.

14. The standard deviation of a normal distribution

a. is always 0.
b. is always 1.
c. can be any value.
d. cannot be negative.

15. z is a standard normal random variable. The P (1.20 z 2.10) equals

a. 0.7618
.
b. 0.2382
.
c. 0.9028
.
d. 0.0972
.

16. The ages of students at a university are normally distributed with a mean of 21. What
percentage of the student body is at least 21 years old?
a. It could be any value, depending on the magnitude of the standard
deviation
b. 50%
c. 21%
d. 1.96%

17. The weight of football players is normally distributed with a mean of 200 pounds and a
standard deviation of 25 pounds. The probability of a player weighing more than 250
pounds is
a. 0.0228
.
b. 0.9772
.
c. 0.0022
.
d. 0.9978
.
 18. The area of the continuous uniform probability distribution is​
a. ​triangular.
b. ​rectangular.
c. ​bell-shaped.
d. a​ series of vertical
lines.

19. Your research requires collecting data on a sample of patients at a local hospital. What is
an appropriate approach to data collection:
a. Ask the doctor or the department head to share the information
b. Ask for permission from every patient that you plan to collect data on
c. Ask third parties to hack the hospital database
d. The research is unfeasible as it is related to medical field

20. The weight of football players is normally distributed with a mean of 200 pounds and
standard deviation of 25 pounds. What percent of players weigh between 175 and 225
pounds?
a. 50%
b. 68.27%
c. 31.73%
d. 95%

21. A list of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the

a. ​sample space.
b. ​sample point.
c. ​event.
d. ​likelihood set.

22. The union of events A and B is the event containing all the sample points belonging to
a. B or A.
b. A or B.
c. A or B or both.
d. A or B, but not
both.

23. Below you are given a sample of ACT scores of 12 college applicants.​
​

19 23 27 21 32 17 20 29 22 30 25 15
​
Determine the first quartile.

1
9
1
9
.
2
5
2
0
1
7

24. The standard deviation of a sample was reported to be 7. The report indicated that = 980.
What is the sample size?

1
4
0
2
1
2
0
1
4
1

25. From a population of size 1,000, a random sample of 100 items is selected. The mean of
the sample
a. ​must be 10 times smaller than the mean of the population.
b. i​s equal to the mean of the population, if the sample is truly
random.
c. ​must be 10 times larger than the mean of the population.
d. ​can be larger, smaller or equal to the mean of the population.

26. Given that z is a standard normal random variable, what is the value of z if the area to the
left of z is 0.0119?

a. -1.2
6
b. 1.26
c. -2.2
6
d. 2.26

27. During a cold winter, the temperature stayed below zero for ten days (ranging from -20 to
-5). The variance of the temperatures of the ten-day period
a. is negative since all the numbers are negative.
b. must be at least zero.
c. cannot be computed since all the numbers are
negative.
d. can be either negative or positive.

28. An important numerical measure of the shape of a distribution is the

a. mean
b. z-score.
c. coefficient of
variation.
d. skewness.

29. In a box plot, data value x is considered an outlier if

a. ​x < Q1 – 1.0(IQR) or x > Q3 + 1.0(IQR).
b. ​x < Q2 – 1.0(IQR) or x > Q2 + 1.0(IQR).
c. ​x < Q1 – 1.5(IQR) or x > Q3 + 1.5(IQR).
d. ​x < Q2 – 1.5(IQR) or x > Q2 + 1.5(IQR).

30. An experiment consists of selecting one president, vice president 1, vice president 2. Each
role is different (two vice-president roles are not the same). Three students named
Sophomore, Junior and Senior are eligible for these offices. How many sample points
exist?
a. 6
b. 1
6
c. 8
d. 3
2

31. A perfectly balanced coin is tossed 6 times, and tails appears on all six tosses. Then, on
the seventh trial if we based on classical approach:
a. tail can not appear.
b. head has a larger chance of appearing than tail.
c. tail has a better chance of appearing than head.
 d. tail has same chance of appearing as the head.

32. The following table shows part of the probability distribution for a random variable x.​
​

x f(x)
0 0.2
1 ?
2 0.15
3 ?
4 0.15
​
The mean of the above distribution is known to be 1.8 (i.e., E(x) = 1.8). Determine f(1) and f(3),
respectively:

a. 0.25 and
0.25
b. 0.3 and 0.2
c. 0.1 and 0.4
d. 0.4 and
0.1

33. x is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 7 and a standard deviation of
2. The probability that x is between 6.48 and 7.56 is

a. 0.9524
.
b. 0.0476
.
c. 0.7872
.
d. 0.2128
.

34. The assembly time for a product is uniformly distributed between 2 to 10 minutes. What
is the probability of every equal interval between 2 and 10?
a. 0.25
b. 0.12
5
c. 8.00
d. 0.00
 35. For the standard normal probability distribution, the area to the left of the mean is
a. -0.5.
b. 0.5.
c. any value between 0 to
1.
d. 1.

36. For a standard normal distribution, the probability of obtaining a z value of less than 1.65
is
a. 0.8977
.
b. 0.0123
.
c. 0.0495
.
d. 0.9505
.

II. SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (11 points)

.1. The salaries of the employees of a corporation are normally distributed with a mean of $25,000
and a standard deviation of $5,000.​
​

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected employee will have a starting salary of at least
$31,000? (1 point)
b. What are the minimum and the maximum salaries of the middle 95% of the employees? (1
point)
c. If sixty-eight of the employees have incomes of at least $35,600, how many individuals are
employed in the corporation? (0.5 points)

ANSWER: ​
a. 0.1151
b. Minimum = $15,200 Maximum = $34,800
c. 4,000

2. The following observations are given for two variables. ​

​

y x
 5 2
1
8 2
1
8 3
2
0 6
2 1
2 1
3 1
0 9
1 1
0 8

7 9
​
a. Compute the standard deviation for x. (1 points)
b. Compute the standard deviation for y. (1 points)
c. Correlation coefficient is 0.345. Interpret the sample correlation coefficient. (0.5 points)
​
​

ANSWER:
a. 6.32
b. 8.83
c. 0.345. There is a positive relationship between x and y. The relationship is not very
strong.

3. An automotive repair shop has determined that the average service time on an
automobile is 130 minutes with a standard deviation of 26 minutes. A random
sample of 40 automotive services is selected.
a. Compute the standard error of the mean. (0.5 points)
b. What is the probability that the sample mean service time greater than 136
minutes based on question a? (1 points)
c. Assume now the shop can determine that the population consists of 400
automotive services. Recalculate the standard error of the mean. (1 points)

ANSWER:
a. 4.11

b. 0.0721

c. 3.9
 4. A university planner is interested in determining the percentage of spring
semester students who will attend summer school. She takes a pilot sample of
160 spring semester students discovering that 56 will return to summer school.
(2.5 points)

a. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate for the percentage of spring

semester students who will return to summer school. (1.5 points)
b. Using the results of the pilot study with a .95 probability, how large of a sample
would have to be taken to provide a margin of error of 3%? (1 points)

ANSWER: ​
a. .276 to .424 (rounded)
b. 972

5. Three workers at a fast-food restaurant pack the take-out chicken dinners. Last
month there were 1000 dinners in total. Specifically, John packs 45% of the
dinners but fails to include a salt packet 4% of the time. Mary packs 25% of the
dinners but omits the salt 2% of the time. Sue packs 30% of the dinners but fails
to include the salt 3% of the time. You have purchased a dinner and there is no
salt.

a. Find the probability that John packed your dinner. (0.5 points)
b. Find the probability that Mary packed your dinner. (0.5 points)
c. ANSWER:

a. 0.5625 = 18/32
b. 0.15625 = 5/32
d.

John Mary Sue Total

Salt 432 245 291 968
No Salt 18 5 9 32
450 250 300 1000
 MID-SESSION EXAM
STAT2020
FALL 2024
I. MCQS (9 points in total, each question is 0.25 points)

1. Quantitative data
a. are always non-numeric.
b. may be either numeric or
non-numeric.
c. are always numeric.
d. are never numeric.

2. Out of a sample including 800 students in a university, 240 or 30% are Business majors.
The 30% is an example of
a. a sample.
b. a population.
c. statistical inference.
d. descriptive
statistics.

3. Which of the following is not a scale of measurement?

a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Observationa
l

4. The Department of Transportation of a city has calculated that on the average there are 17
accidents per day out of a sample collected over a year. The average number of accidents
is an example of
a. descriptive
statistics.
b. statistical inference.
c. a sample.
d. a population.

5. The hourly wages of a sample of 130 system analysts are given below.
​
mean = 30 range = 20
mode = 73 variance = 225
 median = 74 ​
​
The coefficient of variation equals
​
a. ​0.30%.
b. ​50%.
c. ​5.4%.
d. ​54%.

6. If a data set has an even number of observations, the median

a. cannot be determined.
b. is the average value of the two middle items.
c. must be equal to the mean.
d. is the average value of the two middle items when all items are arranged in ascending order.

7. Since the median is the middle value of a data set it

a. must always be smaller than the
mode.
b. must always be larger than the mode.
c. must always be smaller than the
mean.
d. none of these alternatives is correct.

8. The closing stock price of MNM Corporation for the last 7 trading days is shown below.​
​

Day Stock Price

1 24
2 27
3 24
4 28
5 25
6 30
7 31
​
The median is
a. 24.
b. 25.
c. 26.
d. 27.
 9. In a five number summary, which of the following is not used for data summarization?
a. The smallest
value
b. The largest value
c. The mean
d. The median

10. Events A and B are mutually exclusive. Which of the following statements is also true?
a. A and B are also
related.
b. P(A ∪ B) = P(A)P(B)
c. P(A ∪ B) = P(A) +
P(B)
d. P(A ∩ B) = P(A) +
P(B)

11. A continuous random variable may assume

a. any numerical value in an interval or collection of
intervals.
b. finite number of values in a collection of intervals.
c. an infinite sequence of values.
d. only the positive integer values in an interval.

12. The probability distribution for the daily sales at Michael's Co. is given below.
Daily Sales​ ​
(In $1,000s) Probability
40 0.1
50 0.4
60 0.3
70 0.2
​
The probability of having sales of at least $50,000 is
a. 0.5
b. 0.10
.
c. 0.30
.
d. 0.90
.
 13. x is a normally distributed random variable with a mean of 24 and a standard deviation of
6. The probability that x is less than 11.5 is
a. 0.0188
.
b. 0.9814
.
c. 0.0076
.
d. 0.9924
.

14. The area of the continuous uniform probability distribution is​

a. ​triangular.
b. ​rectangular.
c. ​bell-shaped.
d. ​a series of vertical
lines.

15. An experiment consists of measuring the speed of automobiles on a highway by the use of
radar equipment. The random variable in this experiment is speed, measured in miles per
hour. This random variable is a _____ random variable.
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. discrete
d. continuou
s

16. Five hundred residents of a city with a population of 240,495 are polled to obtain
information on voting intentions in an upcoming city election. The five hundred residents
in this study is an example of a(n)
a. census.
b. sample.
c. observation.
d. population.

17. After graduation ceremonies at a university, six graduates were asked whether they were
in favour of (identified by 1) or against (identified by 0) relationship building. Some
information about these graduates is shown below.​
 ​

In a
relations
Graduate Sex Age hip
Marissa F 24 1
Jason M 22 1
Wendy F 41 0
Edward M 38 0
Jennifer F 25 1
Tim M 19 0

Are arithmetic operations appropriate for the variable "in a relationship"?

a. Yes
b. It depends on the variable Graduate
c. No
d. Can only conclude after trying one arithmetic operation

18. Assume your favorite soccer team has 2 games left to finish the season (game one
happens first, then goes the second game). The outcome of each game can be win, lose or
tie. The number of possible outcomes is
a. 4.
b. 12
.
c. 64
.
d. 9.

19. The owner of a factory regularly requests a graphical summary of all employees' salaries.
The graphical summary of salaries is an example of _____ statistics.
a. inferential
b. descriptive
c. experimental
d. observationa
l

20. A perfectly balanced coin is tossed 6 times, and tails appears on all six tosses. Then, on
the seventh trial
a. tail can not appear.
b. head has a larger chance of appearing than
tail.
c. tail has a better chance of appearing than
head.
 d. tail has same chance of appearing as the head.

21. At a university, student applications are numbered from 1 to 4,000. These numbers
represent
a. categorical data.
b. quantitative data.
c. either categorical or quantitative data.
d. since the numbers are sequential, the data is
quantitative.

22. Which scale of measurement can be either numeric or non-numeric?

a. Nominal
b. Ratio
c. Interval
d. Quantitativ
e

23. A sample of 2,500 people was asked how many cups of coffee they drink in the morning.
You are given the following sample information.
Cups of Coffee Frequency
0 700
1 900
2 500
3 400
​
The expected number of cups of coffee is
a. 1.
b. 1.24
.
c. 1.5.
d. 1.03
.

24. The ages of marriage are normally distributed with a mean of 25. What is the percentage
of married couple at least 25 years old?
a. It could be any value, depending on the magnitude of the standard
deviation
b. 50%
c. 21%
d. 1.96%
 25. The assembly time for a product is uniformly distributed between 2 to 10 minutes. The
probability of assembling the product between 7 to 9 minutes is
a. 0.
b. 0.50
.
c. 0.2.
d. 0.25
.

26. The area of the continuous normal probability distribution is​

a. ​triangular.
b. ​rectangular.
c. ​bell-shaped.
d. ​a series of vertical
lines.

27. Your research requires collecting data on a sample of patients at a local hospital. What is
an appropriate approach to data collection:
a. Ask the doctor or the department head to share the information
b. Ask for permission from every patient that you plan to collect data
on
c. Ask third parties to hack the hospital database
d. The research is unfeasible as it is related to medical field

28. The weight of football players is normally distributed with a mean of 200 pounds and
standard deviation of 25 pounds. What percent of players weigh between 175 and 225
pounds?
a. 50%
b. 68.27
%
c. 31.73
%
d. 95%

29. A possible outcome of an experiment is called the

a. ​sample
space.
b. ​sample point.
c. ​event.
d. ​likelihood
set.
 30. Choose the most correct answer to fill in the blank for this statement: “Events C and B are
c
mutually exclusive with P(C) = 0.35. Then, P(B )…”
a. Cannot be smaller than 0.35
b. Can be any value under 1
c. Cannot be larger than 0.65
d. cannot be determined with the information
given.

31. The standard deviation of a population was reported to be 7. The report indicated that =
980. What is the sample size?

1
4
0
2
1
2
0
1
4
1

32. From a population of size 2,000, a random sample of 300 items is selected. The mean of
the sample
a. ​must be 10 times smaller than the mean of the population.
b. ​is equal to the mean of the population, if the sample is truly
random.
c. ​must be 10 times larger than the mean of the population.
d. ​can be larger, smaller or equal to the mean of the population.

33. The starting salaries of individuals with an MBA degree are normally distributed with a
mean of $40,000 and a standard deviation of $5,000. What is the probability that a
randomly selected individual with an MBA degree will get a starting salary of at least
$30,000?
a. 0.4772
b. 0.9772
c. 0.0228
d. 0.5000
 34. After graduation ceremonies at a university, six graduates were asked whether they were
in favor of (identified by 1) or against (identified by 0) abortion. Some information about
these graduates is shown below.​
​

Abortion Class
Graduate Sex Age Issue Rank
Marissa F 24 1 1
Jason M 22 1 2
Wendy F 41 0 3
Edward M 38 0 20
Jennifer F 25 1 4
Tim M 19 0 8

Which of the above variables (Sex, Age, Abortion Issue, Class rank) are categorical and which are
quantitative variables?
a. Sex: categorical, Age: quantitative, Abortion Issue: quantitative, Class rank: quantitative
b. Sex: quantitative, Age: quantitative, Abortion Issue: quantitative, Class rank: categorical
c. Sex: categorical, Age: quantitative, Abortion Issue: categorical, Class rank: quantitative
d. Sex: categorical, Age: quantitative, Abortion Issue: categorical, Class rank: categorical

35. The correlation coefficient ranges between

a. 0 and 1.
b. -1 and +1.
c. minus infinity and plus
infinity.
d. 1 and 100.

36. Dispersion is measured by how large standard deviation is relative to the mean. In the fall
semester of 2009, the average Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) of the
students at UTC was 500 with a standard deviation of 80. In the fall of 2010, the average
GMAT was 560 with a standard deviation of 84. Which year's GMAT scores show a more
dispersed distribution?

​2010

2009

​Cannot determined

​ ame level of dispersed

S
distribution

II. SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONS (11 points)

 1. The average weekly earnings of bus drivers in a city are $950 with a standard deviation of
$45. Assume that we select a random sample of 81 bus drivers.​
​

a. Compute the standard error of the mean. (0.5 points)

b. What is the probability that the sample mean will be greater than $960? (1 point)

c. If the population of bus drivers consisted of 400 drivers, what would be the standard error of
the mean? (1 point)

2. A bank has the following data on the gender and marital status of 200 customers.​
​

Male Female
Single 20 30
Marrie 100 50
d
​
What is the probability of finding a single female customer? (1 point)

If a customer is female, what is the probability that she is single? (1 point)

Are gender and marital status mutually exclusive? (0.5 point)

3. The average price of cell phones manufactured by Ahmadi, Inc. is $98 with a
standard deviation of $12. Furthermore, it is known that the prices of the cell
phones manufactured by Ahmadi are normally distributed.
a. What percentage of cell phones produced by Ahmadi, Inc. will have prices of
at least $120.20? (1 point)
b. Cell phones with prices of at least $81.80 will get a free gift. What
percentage of the cell phones will be eligible for the free gift? (0.5 points)
c. What are the minimum and the maximum values of the middle 95% of cell
phone prices? (0.5 points)
d. If 7,218 of the Ahmadi cell phones were priced at least $119.00, how many
cell phones were produced by Ahmadi, Inc.? (0.5 points)

4. A local university administers a comprehensive examination to the candidates for B.S.

degrees in Business Administration. Five examinations are selected at random and scored.
The scores are shown below.​
​

Scores
80
90
91
62
77
​
a. Compute the mean and the standard deviation of the sample. (1 point)
b. Compute the margin of error at 95% confidence. Assume the population is normally
distributed. (1 point)
c. Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the mean of the population. (0.5 points)

5. Three workers at a fast-food restaurant pack the take-out chicken dinners. Last
month there were 1000 dinners in total. Specifically, John packs 45% of the
dinners but fails to include a salt packet 4% of the time. Mary packs 25% of the
dinners but omits the salt 2% of the time. Sue packs 30% of the dinners but fails
to include the salt 3% of the time. You have purchased a dinner and there is no
salt.
a. Find the probability that John packed your dinner. (0.5 point)
b. Find the probability that Mary packed your dinner. (0.5 point)
 MID-SESSION EXAM (3)
STAT2020
FALL 2024
I. MCQs (9 points in total, each question is 0.25 points)

1. Categorical data
a. indicate either how much or how many.
b. cannot be numeric
c. are labels used to identify attributes of
elements.
d. must be nonnumeric.

2. The owner of a factory regularly requests a graphical summary of all employees' salaries.
The graphical summary of salaries is an example of _____ statistics.
a. inferential
b. descriptive
c. experimental
d. observationa
l

3. In interval estimation, as the sample size becomes larger, the interval estimate
a. becomes narrower.
b. becomes wider.
c. remains the same, because the mean is not
changing.
d. gets closer to 1.96.

4. Which of the following is a graphical summary of a set of data in which each data value is
represented by a dot above the axis?
a. Histogram
b. Pie chart
c. Dot plot
d. Crosstabulatio
n

5. The descriptive measure of variability that is based on the concept of a variation about the
mean is the
a. range.
b. interquartile range.
 c. absolute value of the
range.
d. standard deviation.

6. A population has a mean of 60 and a standard deviation of 18. A sample of 81

observations will be taken. The probability that the sample mean will be larger than 64 is
a. 0.5228
.
b. 0.9772
.
c. 0.4772
.
d. 0.0228
.

7. Parameters are
a. numerical characteristics of a sample.
b. numerical characteristics of a population.
c. the averages taken from a sample.
d. numerical characteristics of either a sample or a
population.

8. The closing stock price of MNM Corporation for the last 7 trading days is shown below.​
​

Day Stock Price

1 24
2 27
3 24
4 28
5 25
6 30
7 31
​
The mode is
a. 24
.
b. 25
.
c. 26
.
d. 27
.
 9. From a population of 500 elements, a sample of 225 elements is selected. It is known that
the variance of the population is 900. The standard error of the mean is approximately
a. 60.
b. 44.542
.
c. 2.
d. 1.485.

10. In statistical experiments, each time the experiment is repeated

a. the same outcome must occur.
b. the same outcome can not occur
again.
c. a different outcome might occur.
d. a different out come must occur.

11. If a six-sided die is tossed two times and "3" shows up both times, the probability of "3"
on the third trial based on the classical approach is
a. much larger than any other outcome.
b. much smaller than any other outcome.
c. the same as any other outcome.
d. not able to be determined before the die is
tossed.

12. If a penny is tossed three times and comes up heads all three times given no historical data
is recorded, the probability of heads on the fourth trial is
a. 0.
b. 1/16.
c. 1/2.
d. larger than the probability of
tails.
13. The following data was collected from a simple random sample.​
​

13 17 18 21 23
The point estimate of the population mean is
a. cannot be determined, since the population size is
unknown.
b. is 18.4.
c. is 18.
 d. is 92.

14. An estimate of a population parameter that provides an interval of values believed to

contain the value of the parameter is known as the
a. confidence
level.
b. interval
estimate.
c. margin of error.
d. point estimate.

15. A list of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called the

a. ​sample
space.
b. ​sample point.
c. ​event.
d. ​likelihood
set.

16. The number of customers that enter a store during one day is an example of
a. a continuous random variable.
b. a discrete random variable.
c. either a continuous or a discrete random variable, depending on whether odd or even number of
the customers enter.
d. either a continuous or a discrete random variable, depending on the gender of the customers.

17. The expected value of a random variable is

a. the value of the random variable that should be observed on the next repeat of the
experiment.
b. the value of the random variable that occurs most frequently.
c. the square root of the variance.
d. None of these alternatives is correct.

18. The probability distribution for the number of goals the Lions soccer team makes per
game is given below.
Number​ ​
Of Goals Probability
0 0.05
1 0.15
2 0.35
 3 0.30
4 0.15
​
What is the probability that in a given game the Lions will score at least 1 goal?
a. 0.20
.
b. 0.55
.
c. 1.0.
d. 0.95
.

19. The center of a normal distribution

a. is always equal to zero.
b. is the mean of the
distribution.
c. cannot be negative.
d. is the standard deviation.

20. Four hundred people were asked whether gun laws should be more stringent. Three
hundred said "yes," and 100 said "no". The point estimate of the proportion in the
population who will respond "yes" is
a. 300.
b. approximately
300.
c. 0.75.
d. 0.25.

21. A random sample of 525 people was taken from a very large population. 225 of the
people in the sample were female. The standard error of the proportion is
a. 0.9783
.
b. 0.0216
.
c. 0.9668
.
d. 0.0332
.

22. The ages of students at a university are normally distributed with a mean of 21. What
percentage of the student body is at least 21 years old?
a. It could be any value, depending on the magnitude of the standard
deviation
b. 50%
c. 21%
d. 1.96%

23. The uniform distribution defined over the interval from 25 to 40 has the probability
density function
a. f(x) = 1/40 for all x.
b. f(x) = 5/8 for 25 < x < 40 and f(x) = 0 elsewhere.
c. f(x) = 1/25 for 0 < x < 25 and f(x) = 1/40 for 26 < x <
40.
d. f(x) = 1/15 for 25 < x < 40 and f(x) = 0 elsewhere.

24. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal probability distribution?
a. The mean, median, and the mode are equal
b. The mean of the distribution can be negative, zero, or
positive
c. The distribution is symmetrical
d. The mean should be 0

25. The sampling distribution of the sample means

a. is the probability distribution showing all possible values of the sample
mean.
b. is used as a point estimator.
c. is an unbiased estimator.
d. shows the distribution of all possible values of μ.

26. Three different applications for admission to a local university with different application
ID are checked, and it is determined whether each applicant is male or female. The
number of sample points in this experiment is
a. 2.
b. 9.
c. 16
.
d. 8.

27. Choose the most correct answer to fill in the blank for this statement: “In an experiment,
events A and B are mutually exclusive. If P(A) = 0.6, then the probability of B…”
a. cannot be larger than 0.4.
b. can be any value between 0 to 1.
c. is equal to 0.6.
d. cannot be determined with the information
given.

28. A finite population correction factor is needed in computing the standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of sample means

a. whenever the population is infinite.

b. whenever the sample size is more than 5% of the population
size.
c. whenever the sample size is less than 5% of the population size.
d. irrespective of the size of the sample.

29. Your research requires collecting data on a sample of patients at a local hospital. What is
an appropriate approach to data collection:
a. Ask the doctor or the department head to share the information
b. Ask for permission from every patient that you plan to collect data
on
c. Ask third parties to hack the hospital database
d. The research is unfeasible as it is related to medical field

30. A population has a standard deviation of 16. If a sample of size 64 is selected from this
population, what is the probability that the sample mean will be within ±2 of the
population mean?
a. 0.6826
b. 0.3413
c. -0.6826
d. Since the mean is not given, there is no answer to this
question.

31. A uniform probability distribution is a continuous probability distribution where the

probability that the random variable assumes a value in any interval of equal length is
a. different for each interval.
b. the same for each
interval.
c. at least one.
d. zero.
 32. In the set of all past due accounts, let the event A mean the account is between 31 and 60
days past due and the event B mean the account is that of a new customer. The
intersection of A and B is all
a. new customers.
b. accounts fewer than 31 or more than 60 days past due.
c. accounts from new customers and all accounts that are from 31 to 60 days past
due.
d. new customers whose accounts are between 31 and 60 days past due.

33. If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.5, then P(A ∩ B) =
a. 0.30
.
b. 0.15
.
c. 0.00
.
d. 0.20
.

34. The sample space refers to

a. any particular experimental outcome.
b. the sample size minus one.
c. the set of all possible experimental
outcomes.
d. an event.

35. The probability of at least one head in two flips of a coin (ordering matters) based on
classical approach is​
a. ​0.25
.
b. ​0.33
.
c. ​0.50
.
d. ​0.75
.

36. The travel time for a college student traveling between her home and her college is
uniformly distributed between 40 and 90 minutes. The probability that she will finish her
trip in 60 minutes or less is
a. 0.8.
b. 0.4.
 c. 0.2.

d. 1.00
.

II. SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS

1.​ The probability function for the number of insurance policies John will sell to a customer is
given by​
​
f(X) = 0.5 - (X/6) for X = 0, 1, or 2

in which, X is the number of policies John sells to customer.​

​

a. What is the probability that John will sell exactly 2 policies to a customer? (round to three
decimal points) (1 point)
b. What is the probability that John will sell at least 1 policies to a customer? (round to three
decimal points) (1 point)
c. What is the expected number of policies John will sell? (round to three decimal points) (0.5
points)

2. A professor at a local community college noted that the grades of his students were
normally distributed with a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 10. The professor has
informed us that 7.5 percent of his students received A’s (highest grade) while only 2.25
percent of his students failed the course and received F's (lowest grade).

a. What is the minimum score needed to make an A? (1 points)

b. What is the maximum score among those who received an F? (1 point)
c. If there were 5 students who did not pass the course, how many students took the course? (0.5
points)

3. A random sample of 121 checking accounts at a bank showed an average daily balance
of $280. The standard deviation of the population is known to be $66.​
​

a. Find the standard error of the mean. (0.5 points)

b. Give a point estimate of the population mean. (0.5 points)

c. Construct an 80% confidence interval for the population mean. (1 point)

d. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean. (0.5 points)
 4. A department store has determined that 25% of all their sales are credit sales. A random
sample of 60 sales is selected.​
​

a. What is the standard error of the proportion? (0.5 points)

b. What is the probability that the sample proportion will be greater than 0.30? (1 points)
c. What is the probability that the sample proportion will be between 0.20 to 0.30? (1 points)

5. A survey of business students who had taken the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT)
indicated that students who have spent at least five hours studying GMAT review guides have a
probability of 0.85 of scoring above 400. Students who do not review have a probability of 0.65 of
scoring above 400. It has been determined that 70% of the business students review for the test.​
​

a. Find the probability of scoring above 400. (0.5 points)

b. Find the probability that a student who scored above 400 reviewed for the test. (0.5 points)
 MID-SESSION EXAM (4)
STAT2020
FALL 2024
I. MCQs (9 points in total, each question is 0.25 points)

1. Statistical inference
a. refers to the process of drawing inferences about the sample based on the characteristics
of the population.
b. is the same as descriptive statistics.
c. is the process of drawing inferences about the population based on the information taken
from the sample.
d. is the same as a census.

2. The Department of Transportation of a city has calculated from a sample that on the
average there are 17 accidents per day. The average number of accidents is an example of
a. descriptive
statistics.
b. statistical inference.
c. a sample.
d. a population.

3. A statistics professor asked students in a class their ages. Based on the average of this
sample, the professor states that the estimated age of all the students in the university is
24 years. This is an example of
a. an observational
study.
b. descriptive statistics.
c. an experiment.
d. statistical inference.

4. Which scale of measurement can be either numeric or non-numeric?

a. Nominal
b. Ratio
c. Interval
d. Quantitativ
e

5. Which of the following is a categorical variable?

a. Your age when you began
college
b. Your National ID Number
c. Your statistics class duration
d. Your weight

6. The assembly time for a product is uniformly distributed between 2 to 10 minutes. The
probability of assembling the product in less than 6 minutes is
a. 0.
b. 0.50
.
c. 0.25
.
d. 1.

7. Data that provide labels or names for categories of like items are known as _____ data.
a. categorical
b. quantitativ
e
c. labelled
d. interval

8. When the data are skewed to the right, the measure of Skewness is likely to be:
a. -2
b. 0.
c. 2
d. Not
determined.

9. When data are positively skewed, the mean will usually be

a. greater than the median.
b. smaller than the
median.
c. equal to the median.
d. positive.

10. Which difficulty of range as a measure of variability is overcome by interquartile range?

a. The sum of the range variances is zero

b. The range is difficult to compute
c. The range is influenced too much by extreme
values
d. The range is negative
 11. Parameters are
a. numerical characteristics of a sample.
b. numerical characteristics of a population.
c. the averages taken from a sample.
d. numerical characteristics of either a sample or a
population.

12. The variance can never be

a. the same as the standard deviation.
b. larger than the standard deviation.
c. negative.
d. smaller than the standard
deviation.

13. The sample variance

a. is always smaller than the true value of the population variance.
b. is always larger than the true value of the population variance.
c. could be smaller, equal to, or larger than the true value of the population
variance.
d. can never be zero.

14. The standard deviation of a sample was reported to be 20. The report indicated that =
7200. What is the sample size?
a. 1
6
b. 1
7
c. 1
8
d. 1
9

15. Generally, which one of the following is the least appropriate measure of central tendency
for a data set that contains outliers?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Interquartile
range
 16. The empirical rule states that, for data having a bell-shaped distribution, the percentage of
data values being within two standard deviation of the mean is approximately
a. 25%
.
b. 50%
.
c. 68%
.
d. 95%
.

17. Any process that generates well-defined outcomes is a(n)

a. event.
b. experiment.
c. sample point.
d. sample
space.

18. Which of the following statements is always true?

a.
-1 P(Ei) 1

b. P(A) = 1 -
c
P(A )

c. P(A) + P(B) = 1
d. ∑P 1

19. Sampling distribution of is the

a. probability distribution of the sample mean.
b. probability distribution of the sample
proportion.
c. mean of the sample.
d. mean of the population.

20. A method of assigning probabilities based on historical data is called the _____ method.
a. classical
b. subjective
c. relative
frequency
d. progressive
 21. If P(A) = 0.62, P(B) = 0.47, and P(A ∪ B) = 0.88, then P(A ∩ B) =
a. 0.2914
.
b. 1.9700
.
c. 0.6700
.
d. 0.2100
.

22. A collection of some (not all) sample points is a(n)

a. event.
b. union.
c. intersection.
d. sample
space

23. In the set of all past due accounts, let the event A mean the account is between 31 and 60
days past due and the event B mean the account is that of a new customer. The
intersection of A and B is all
a. new customers.
b. accounts fewer than 31 or more than 60 days past due.
c. accounts from new customers and all accounts that are from 31 to 60 days past
due.
d. new customers whose accounts are between 31 and 60 days past due.

24. An experiment consists of determining the speed of automobiles on a highway by the use
of radar equipment. The random variable in this experiment is a _____ random variable.
a. discrete
b. continuous
c. mixed type
d. multivariat
e

25. Roth is a computer-consulting firm. The number of new clients that they have obtained
each month has ranged from 0 to 6. The number of new clients has the probability
distribution that is shown below.​
​

Number of
New Clients Probability
 0 0.05
1 0.10
2 0.15
3 0.30
4 0.25
5 0.10
6 0.05
​
The expected number of new clients per month given probability of each value is
a. 6.
b. 0.
c. 3.1
.
d. 3.

26. The probability distribution for the daily sales at Michael's Co. is given below.
Daily Sales​ ​
(In $1,000s) Probability
40 0.1
50 0.4
60 0.3
70 0.2
​
The probability of having sales of no more than or equal to $60,000 is
a. 0.7
.
b. 0.2
.
c. 0.8
.
d. 0.5
.

27. In a standard normal distribution, the probability that Z is greater than zero is
a. 0.5.
b. equal to 1.
c. at least
0.5.
d. 1.96.

28. The random variable x is known to be uniformly distributed between 70 and 100. The
probability of x having a value between 80 to 95 is
a. 0.75
.
b. 0.5.
c. 0.05
.
d. 1.

29. z is a standard normal random variable. What is the value of z if the area between -z and z
is 0.754?

a. 0.377
b. 0.123
c. 2.16
d. 1.16

30. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the normal probability distribution?
a. Symmetry
b. The total area under the curve is always equal to 1.
c. 99.72% of the time the random variable assumes a value within plus or minus 1 standard
deviation of its mean.
d. The mean is equal to the median, which is also equal to the mode.

31. A group of 10 students had dinner at a local restaurant. The total bill for the dinner was
$364.99. Each student paid his/her equal share, except for Andrew who paid $200. What
is the weight out of the total bill allocated to each student other than Andrew?
a. 0.10
0
b. 0.05
0
c. 0.04
5
d. 0.54
7

32. Assuming that each of the 52 cards in an ordinary deck has a probability of 1/52 of being
drawn, what is the probability of drawing a black ace (There are four suits in a deck of
cards. Half of the cards are red and the rest are black, with hearts and diamonds being red
and spades and clubs being black. Each suit has 13 cards, including the ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, jack, queen, and king)?
a. 1/52
b. 4/52
c. 13/5
2
d. 2/52

33. Your research requires collecting data on a sample of patients at a local hospital. What is
an appropriate approach to data collection:
a. Ask the doctor or the department head to share the information
b. Ask for permission from every patient that you plan to collect data
on
c. Ask third parties to hack the hospital database
d. The research is unfeasible as it is related to medical field

34. Choose the most correct answer to fill in the blank for this statement: “Events C and B are
c
mutually exclusive with P(C) = 0.35. Then, P(B )…”
a. Cannot be smaller than 0.35
b. Can be any value under 1
c. Cannot be larger than 0.65
d. cannot be determined with the information
given.

35. If a coin is tossed three times (each time is treated differently, ordering matters), the
likelihood of obtaining three heads in a row is
a. 0.0.
b. 1.
c. 0.875
.
d. 0.125
.

36. The life expectancy of a particular brand of tire is normally distributed with a mean of
40,000 and a standard deviation of 5,000 miles. What is the probability that a randomly
selected tire will have a life of at least 52,500 miles?
a. 0.0062
b. 0.9938
c. 0.0000
d. 1.0000

II. SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS

 1. Consider a population of five families with the following data representing the number of pets
in each family​
​

Family Number of Pets

A 2
B 6
C 4
D 3
E 1

a. Determine the mean and the variance of the population (round to two decimal points) (1
points)

b. There are ten possible samples of size 2 (n=2). Please choose 10 samples with replacement
but no same family in one sample is allowed. Ordering does not matter. List the 10 possible
samples of size 2, then determine the mean of each sample (round to two decimal points).
(1 points)

c. Using the ten sample mean values, compute the mean and the standard error of the mean
(round to two decimal points). (0.5 points)

2. The makers of a soft drink want to identify the average age of its consumers. A sample of 28
consumers was taken. The average age in the sample was 21 years with a standard deviation of 4
years.​
​

a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the true average age of the consumers. (1 point)
b. Construct an 80% confidence interval for the true average age of the consumers. (1 point)
c. Discuss why the 95% and 80% confidence intervals are different. (0.5 points)

3. Michael is running for president. The proportion of voters who favor Michael is 0.8. A simple
random sample of 100 voters is taken.​
​

a. What are the expected value, and standard deviation? (1 points)

b. What is the probability that the number of voters in the sample who will not favor Michael
will be between 26 and 30? (1.5 points)

4. On a recent holiday evening, a sample of 500 drivers was stopped by the police. A total of 300
were under 30 years of age. A total of 250 were under the influence of alcohol. Of the drivers
under 30 years of age, 200 were under the influence of alcohol.​
​
Let A be the event that a driver is under the influence of alcohol.​
 Let Y be the event that a driver is less than 30 years old.​
​

a. Determine P(A) and P(Y). (1 points)

b. What is the probability that a driver is under 30 and not under the influence of alcohol? (1
points)

c. Out of the total drivers that is not under 30, what is the probability that he/she is under the
influence of alcohol? (0.5 points)

5. A survey of business students who had taken the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT)
indicated that students who have spent at least five hours studying GMAT review guides have a
probability of 0.85 of scoring above 400. Students who do not review have a probability of 0.65 of
scoring above 400. It has been determined that 70% of the business students review for the test.​
​

a. Find the probability of scoring above 400. (0.5 points)

b. Find the probability that a student who scored above 400 reviewed for the test. (0.5 points)