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96a48e8197da4f6ea87d17adca1a31e5

The document discusses fundamental concepts of vectors, including definitions, operations, and properties such as addition, scalar multiplication, and the dot product. It also covers the length and normalization of vectors, as well as the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. The content appears to be a mix of mathematical definitions and theorems related to vector spaces in Euclidean geometry.

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kapilkulhari490
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26 views130 pages

96a48e8197da4f6ea87d17adca1a31e5

The document discusses fundamental concepts of vectors, including definitions, operations, and properties such as addition, scalar multiplication, and the dot product. It also covers the length and normalization of vectors, as well as the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. The content appears to be a mix of mathematical definitions and theorems related to vector spaces in Euclidean geometry.

Uploaded by

kapilkulhari490
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ou OI se. ___ ie sn Sem __ se Equality of doo verions $ The duo veetass 2 aof 4 in fhe | eee Att a esiomiccr = 25 onda un aa oncling _engsetes ane one said Jo be equal Jf oll she taxiesp $e = Notes _-uecons axe wed fo urepsresent movement foom one Point to _onathes Jn an 1 - clinenHenad co-ox- system. > um 1 tenuecente CoN Scr Ny £23 | DIPRdIPSPIMAMPV PRVUevex,eaGVeaerstav,aeaktstcaetgcilk &, at Eat optuafizn of Huerta? | te Addition of vector * (ef x andy be any veebaxs Jin | then the sum ef aod Y as “cx ty) te the vectay of oll Cosmnesponding entries! § stun. te are Gece: xa] ar i a | eo noe i then. i fs ee ET tI OCA >a tO Note? _yeatoys % andy should be én same alimenstin get w= ERB) ys Th 8] | nen xty = Got 3 0 Guo) = [2+1- 3+2] | Each nee . oo _ D : —— Riiegatie of veeton 4 uted ot Me any veda Ja. Lome nee = negative of denoted by =x us _uvecton_ Ta ; 2th endy of by eats ———— ise. planters aes nae (Scheu _Raetan “ef ve chant aa ea ren y rom ay Pan fh van é cs _ —— x+y | BE Sum gf me veckot and rxacyel a 1 4 othe. se pees] = (eo ies nbs) ea Rem Eee (canes Shion IRE = = = xt €Y) as Sesh ous On) ee ee Gn = Bo SI ApS: a me Scala -maiplteaten + le pee} oe, ho tn] be any vests to_{R" and on’: Mes any scalan Ceol numben) then dhe la My of 2c ith ¢ fs__defined as + aitaele ie ye eae a (eS xo] (ames too eone Sy vectas ee eee re _ pee Te, 10] bell oe a oO is] multiply by C+ dtlates¢ expands) the Lenglh of vector tert when. : PORE Ol aruats_ the length —_cahen ea = Tits, Fundamental poepeulies of eros pene mulliplication. om 4 Thom Je! tgp ot = (oI eo eG emo pode i ea = Zn any vectors fo Rand om Cond dove ony wea) pumbeus ¢tcalan) and 0 fs the fm Fen veto do IR then, Yt% _{ cammatative tow adait? on} Cet¥)t2 $ agsar aw of addition} ee he = x oS et af identity don addi. } Stee era a EAMONN (Tee of fnverise fou addi.) Cut CY } Olsdubutive tow of scatax meltipli- > 0+ C22 ; an ~ = Jic+o+4 = V29 @ Note + ate eer of Geren in e ay, alas non =2640 and_auo that only vectax uth O dength is zexo —wecko | { J i el PAE eoanears £fFE4 2 Une. Stgment_and vecter Connecting pofads A and 8 one tity, a IESE SG Gas go? = Var+ at 3. aoe verter 4 af length £ Ls cabled walt ecto, es “Sp Beyer Ros —~2- = Jaa unit vectas: ar le fee SU cai eat) 3 = [ext] = se} px : . | = te} tc] —pssoued : om mp——__C fs posfite GC >0) aaa ee ad Q+ _vethan ex ts fn the opposite, oinecHm a4 x rhen— Cf negative C ¢ <0) - Salil ee) a Gi eecia— Y 0NO ; = 3x = (12, ts} y= 3 Zo au 1 Twn no- 240 ert eeeeY ER” one fn eae dinection — J{f- pee yee cx ey CUNO ae ond y aue inoppostte ainection iff: tical Bae eee eo c y = (esta ed) [ve vie cl A Linas combinatien. of nectons ih TEenwem £+4 [ep vi, V2 -- Ve be erie tal ROM eee thot vector Vv Sa ETL To We = = he if these one somlars Ct, C2 — (koe oh Ys ON sp Ovo 2 == cee i + ea the vl ea Pees of Viana “va andl , ind Aca == prea aye nti fl Ufnenst Seashibaltnne= a a tii + Cave 2 (rece Lo: cae Tac = 2¢0) ene a4 CoCo) [3e, + uC2 » ~ 26 Coe = By. solving “this. ee ee 2a a a note? 1 The zew vector ff abo Jéneay combinatten of Vt_and V2 gtace O = ov + ove Every vector % which Ly equal do Ze eer tncS cg meePan Can be expressed as ineay Combinatim of sdaadaxc) unit _yethoot. Reece acre. - + Xn a Det pundus and —thein puopenter = «definition * let X and _y be vectons fn (AX s.t E m= fe. e2 -7-. Xn] ye Cy. y2.- -— yal then dot puodluct of «9nd y ts defined by Uy = MY, + Loyart Sects (-Ux+ 38y) . (2x = -S¥) (-4x + 38Y) = Gee Si OC OY OY NS Ney, Ea) be er G cs Yee nItSiII I) Ga Oue*= Show. oe the cancellatien oto of algebra does Sa hold gas det produc. Ed Si iefaus 209 aod 2 eR” cult bia = yz (econ rane) > _usith _Counten example ee = tO] eign ae cleanly eae Goa 2 Chowii = J Cera amcor gen e—aam Since Scena 371 beeen Te te (Couchy - Schwasr Treg uatity ) + Land Y¥ axe vectons ia (R™ then foe) & [hell yt) dis fs called — Cauchy - Schwan2, Inequality J Yn] [ace eC 2h) EH mea aes = mee2 it] Ya Ze paoutd. | | i Yo2ad ZHO | 2 ee ee ee AeA ek gc __Pueof i (we _need_to _punue. that eee cr Jie tt lf x20 and Y20O then thennem is cenkainly 4sut. _—___Ninb- eo Ps ae on 4u.0__non = 2040 BEE re) fete CCC me ees = ee tact oyn oe is ony anit vest @ and bs =| ———— = tla-bi2 a - 2a-b+ b-b a a Ree — 246 + lb]? 20 _ k —— o- 20b20 a and b we unit | —o 7 sab 22 5) @blZ Oi Cath) tb) = ‘arbi 20 a e 2 Nay? 420-6 + bi? 20 ae = 2ab >-2 2D 4b 2-) oi : LE evar eee eth * Belangle Tnequatity C Minkousti's inequality] qo* andy ane vectans in R™ then W2+VIlL 2 tut iyi Mxtgii2 = fix? + 200 + My? lit P< pact? toy) Uy? $y + atau tty + Wil? i —-—; By thenxem Zo : Naty < chet? wn] _tixtyn 2 ane in pumed: : * Show that if face yij? = ti? + fy? then 4 = 0 | Solution? Gstoen ug ‘ yet 2 =e 4 yyy? if eee the nee n=O C_we need en Asad) face. CHTY) COTY) = : hot yup? = 7 7% abnaeeaeanponrrrrrras ae ees Sta Sty a ie = Na+ any + yy? Neetyy? = flue + axy +f ny? eae ou + ny? = ye? + aay + yt? i ee oe us i 2 a a i a iy : oe o2 ay Pras z be | ial Me tt valuing one an mace pees E ar ) Solutions gf linens equatian $e 4 Unique soluHon 2+ Infinitely mang Salubian > Fue Anlalion a E—E>E__——Eee 3h Ax _= 0 Homogenous equation consistent cera Unique solution. + Cdedutad) r 2+ Tnffaite many solution Coon = dufietat) 7 Ax = 8 anon = homogenous —saladfen —___ _ + ot thee ty pen sea bar A= coefficient — madoic ES B= toliumn _ maorix _——— —————EE 7—__—_— = ain = — — w _Congidesr “XN maleic such that Sa ee (es Gg, ass 40g --- a — = sain — = 7 ee ee : { By b ( 2 B= De r y ' r mn nal bm} mxt ‘ = Erne one scent Aystem ts crea to the mabux ‘ ——__equotion FAX = BJ { E ‘ Augmented matiily AX= 8B dhfy matubx equation can ¢ ana ___be. expsessecl fo _anathen — wodty thof 4 —— i eee Caley. ( TAG) .f catted augmented ee 4 __ EE ae om (C2 EGov G22 sia EE? an 4 : Lf ae Amr Am2 ~— Am3 ann | Bm i 7, patie - : a Que* Consides the Sirens system aed E 4 ft a tery = ae 2S oF 8m + xX HOY tS2 = 12 ‘ Let. = = 4 a cE ae A 4 an come Omens) us Bosom ¢ a § to 5 ieee ec B= fie : as ‘ond —__ foxy ¢ i — ¢ ety 9 peer ste thatthe aystten io equivalent 4o AX=6 4 a se ay ; misrron 5 ere oi Z qw- Im + 4-37 ae F (SON OG shOsy Sie HE And —angmented meee spd ia aa gad and eq Gi “eal ystem has unique _ £0lubion and the ae fnt es action. pal (3. 4) | . r r = emt irs ? -~ ys -819= -S/9 o a = Sje= Sfp - S - Big te —_ Boe ai ( 3) i es - dofiioitery rnany dalutfon as = Same. ‘ = = ew ~- aa) == ae Wy) = ae ecg ae o ~ then = 3 __ = then _% = 3fo = : zs - EEE Geel Pig phen 1 = S/0 i = ~ chee ~ — 7 ! - ia a om System —_has_no_dalution _begquse tq? Wand eqyivl) ane poxaliet but _pot equal. ~ inte ? —t + (onsistent = Any system that hos ot = oo least ene _solutfon _Cefthen untque on fofintte many ) ds datd +o be cmalstenb. . anor ; s 2+ _Toconsfstent + A system that has no golutfon ax s empty fs __foconsisteat. a & a * eee ~—A)_unique soletfon fait ee A ol pases eae H5chemessnoe— =O) F SSR i 22a tae Coen) : quotfon fin peels SUT BB oe ae Qn — equation of the osm 7 OER ics e es mare can =a whene oo ae Que seal number . —ted—tenéhont 2 {4 _catteel othe _coeffictent af x? ———Ood_b_i catted the cangtant _featmn of system. = + Ginn = by eet) of values Enon Ty Bs = hich satisfies the mm _equatton atven ~O—The_set of at dalation of a system af Uneasy —equation_is__the _templete_doluHon et , ee ef ene ree | tH), then the éoluHon said Jo be _dufvfal athencuise om Sere cd a Nate’ 4. Td _aystem has. exautly one Fiala eee 2} —dyskem has fof fatter -many solution ( —-) ¢ 3. 14 —_ystem _har_no _-Salaffon. _¢ facensistent) __¢ ee ee eee ee ee ee ee a ee ee ee wad ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 iain | e eae eriercon Edfninatin Utoethad = eee Sie - 3x3 + FX = £9 = 2k + SX27-4X3- 3x = 3g Ang (2) + 28, 1G 0 oe 5 ile = |e aT SEH 4H aa C x = eX: = u m2 95 em Hoe Ont OY + 0-2 + 0-0 OH 0-U t+ O-% + 0-3 + O-Xy = Thess meang - equation System has no ~ gatepion. __ Austen ice Jnconsisten$ «— SEs = Ut HD od i ae ‘ : said IN Fi tantnerenaceamcsncserctngbisean a i ‘ Difjarence bw Graussebfingneetion method and Gaius ! Jouden method & ——> _ = y An dhe elimination method dhe matux uf sedwtd foto an uppeH — durangle matic. { { ' ‘ _wheue _fo_the Gyauss Janolen method she — enatorix —s__yedueed foto the diagonal _matsix. Piss. PC ee a 8 e ae 2 a = eneenrirened nie: earls nies aa Ser ey eee . were a A A+ Tf dhe final _angmented makutr contains_at_ diene 4 wow) _of the fasion Bo ORONO) Ca Eaten ns System _usftt be _Sncem ‘inumsfsteap « Cnio _dalution) 4 3 the _dystern AK = 8 util be conéfgtent_—* ____4 a ¢ 4+ Aunque doletfon when _eseuy —columa of C fs a4 pivot column. : cena nal —f & Ava infinite Solution when every columa_of BAR ‘ a non = pivot _columna. 2: a SL ieee @ Solve the system by uring Cuauss —_Jasiclam method. ‘ eg: xm 30/3i= Ce eile a 0 eo = 10 : as ye oes a, | 3 97 : Oa = a ‘ A 3 2 oh Gia x2 ? ~~ | a tele a = ¢ eer ah ¢ 4 a Se to G6 -!I-(1¢| |. _ az CO a) 2. [-16 a _ 0 © o +3 |-?3 |. ae Peer ee pee role es ____ Calent-ity) > Bc une pio columns “and fodepencent and _clependend yourdbles eater 2 ee = wm —_Ator gaussian elimination + the taluems_having_ne_piuat + my ——erctiier ane often coed os -nco= pivot columns ,__ me —_LOhfle those _teJucnms_urith pivot elements one ene = me 03 pivot _eolumn, = i a The yout fable. foes non - 1 pivot eae me __0-4¢ called tadependent voufobier thle those Jou —_ me pl column one Catled dcpeadec(abiad aki aa eis ——_ £ er = _ ase ee ~ es Sei fina augmented natut jo | ie Sie (cele) | ae i gh we 2s He Gee est fe ies a Eom Oo lee 4 m5 Hove the onty 3 rt caliumn hos mo rian element goat a we column fs only non-pluot column and 8 _ 1s_independ=- wep ent variable white %-%2 and 4 one cepa || = _ Vauiables. a ist 2.6 — oar eerie of matric wes f+ All om = 2040 tows Caf any) paceeeds the eo oc mew 2) The number of 200 porecceding the fins nan - 2e40 Meermentcn lute dex tho tne numbers — of &uch 2 «10S. Bieeetd bucccé ding — S01. The inst om 240 element to a sow ts _cinltya eS ee [ e-g- The {incl ary eae ee Ls ; given as ce Re es 2G ese 0 SO ia aay ee ea Sone OmOm nO 1 2 CROC nemo! ° oO this mootuin fs uch a4 sind _echelan orien a tt fullfile the au 3 condi ons of 3200) — ech chan fase. = Reduced sioio eoheloa fosum 2 A_motuio. fs fn uyeduced stow echelon fox if ft - Aatisfia the dollousing. —eonctiffen = i —_the_4iuat non+ 2s entuy fo each 100 i fh rey successive 40w has fis fits non — 2040 = —enhsay fo a tecten caluenn entuy af eth sew awe zewn. Au fell sous e{ zeroes ane the foal sows ef the matte. wy ec) eat followtag augmented madtiic 6 seduced — sow echelon a of nadir. yi o}—/a] 9 coo. +! 0 ml iO) 6 Cow ws) AU entsfer above anc below ithe {ub men = 200 a i vpoeoRve eeovodnevsePvPPPeRPAPee Pee e_V_sA

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