Research Method
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abdullah.khi.rwpResearch Method
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abdullah.khi.rwpQuestion 1:
Determine the total float, free float, and independent float for each activity, and identify the
critical path in the following network.
SOLUTION:
ACTIVITY DURATION
1 to 2 1
2 to 3 4
2 to 4 5
3 to 5 3
4 to 5 1.5
3 to 6 1.5
6 to 7 1
5 to 7 2.5
4 to 7 3.5
7 to 8 4
Compute Earliest Event Time (EET) for each node (i.e., earliest time we can reach a
node).
Start from Node 1:
EET (1) = 0
EET (2) = 0 + 1 = 1
EET (3) = 1 + 4 = 5
EET (4) = 1 + 5 = 6
EET (5) = max (5 + 3, 6 + 1.5) = max (8, 7.5) = 8
EET (6) = 5 + 1.5 = 6.5
EET (7) = max (8 + 2.5, 6.5 + 1, 6 + 3.5) = max (10.5, 7.5, 9.5) = 10.5
EET (8) = 10.5 + 4 = 14.5
Backward Pass (Latest Start & Finish)
Start from Node 8 (EET = LFT):
LFT (8) = 14.5
LFT (7) = 14.5 - 4 = 10.5
LFT (5) = 10.5 - 2.5 = 8
LFT (6) = 10.5 - 1 = 9.5
LFT (4) = min (8 - 1.5, 10.5 - 3.5) = min (6.5, 7) = 6.5
LFT (3) = min (8 - 3, 9.5 - 1.5) = min (5, 8) = 5
LFT (2) = min (5 - 4, 6.5 - 5) = min (1, 1.5) = 1
LFT (1) = 1 - 1 = 0
Calculate Floats
Formulas:
Total Float (TF) = LFT (to) – EFT (from) - Duration
Free Float (FF) = EET (to) – EFT (from) - Duration
Independent Float (IF) = max (0, EET (to) – LFT (from) - Duration)
Activity From Duration EET EET LFT LFT TF FF IF
- to (from) (to) (from) (to)
A 1→2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
B 2→3 4 1 5 1 1 0 0 0
C 2→4 5 1 6 1 1 0.5 0.5 0
D 3→5 3 5 8 5 5 0 0 0
E 4→5 1.5 6 7.5 6.5 6.5 0 0.5 0
F 3→6 1.5 5 6.5 5 5 3 3 0
G 6→7 1 6.5 7.5 9.5 9.5 3 3 0
H 5→7 2.5 8 10.5 8 8 0 0 0
I 4→7 3.5 6 9.5 6.5 6.5 1 1 0
J 7→8 4 10.5 14.5 10.5 14.5 0 0 0
Critical Path
Critical path = Activities with zero Total Float
Critical Path:
1→2→3→5→7→8
(Activities: A, B, D, H, J)
Project Duration = 14.5 units
Question 2:
A project schedule has the following characteristics.
SOLUTION:
Compute expected time (TE) and variance (σ )2
t o +t m +t p t −t
TE = and (σ )2 = ( p o )2
6 6
ACTIVITY NODES T0 tm tp TE VARIANCE
A 1–2 3 3 3 3.00 0.000
B 2–3 3 6 9 6.00 1.000
C 2–4 2 4 6 4.00 0.444
D 3–5 4 6 8 6.00 0.444
E 4–6 4 6 8 6.00 0.444
F 5–6 0 0 0 0.00 0.000
G 5–7 3 4 5 4.00 0.111
H 6–7 2 5 8 5.00 1.000
3 6
6 5
3 4
1 7
2 0
6 4
4 5
ALL POSSIBLE PATH:
1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 6 – 7—Activities: A – B – D – F – H -- TE: 3 + 6 + 6 + 0 + 5 = 20
1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 7 – Activities: A – B – D – G –TE: 3 + 6 + 6 + 4 = 19
1 – 2 – 4 – 6 – 7 – Activities: A – C – E – H – TE: 3 + 4 + 6 + 5 = 18
Critical Path and expected project time:
Longest Path = 1 – 2 – 3 – 5 – 6 – 7
Critical Activities = A – B – D – F – H
Expected Project Time = 20 weeks
TOTAL VARIANCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION:
Critical Path: A – B – D – F – H
Use Variance Column
A=0
B=1
D = 0.444
F=0
H=1
TOTAL VARIANCE:
(σ )2 = 0 +1 + 0.444 + 0 + 1 = 2.444
STANDARD DEVIATION:
σ = √ 2.444 = 1.563 WEEKS
Question 03:
The demand of an item is uniform at a rate of 25 units per month. The fixed cost is Rs
.15 each time a production run is made. The production cost is Rs.1 per item, and the
inventory holding cost is Rs.0.30 per item per month. The shortage cost is Rs.1
.50 per item, per month. Determine:
Given:
Demand rate (D) = 25 units/month
Fixed ordering cost (K) = Rs. 15 per order
Production cost per unit (c) = Rs. 1 (not directly needed in EOQ with shortages)
Inventory holding cost (h) = Rs. 0.30 per unit per month
Shortage cost (s) = Rs. 1.50 per unit per month
Optimum order quantity (Q*):
Q* =
√ 2 C2 D
C4
×
√C 3+ C 4
C3
Q* =
√ 2 ×15 × 25
1.50
×
√
0.30+1.50
0.30
=
750
1.5 √ √
×
1.80
0.30
= √ 500 √ 6 = 22.3607 × 2.4495 = 54.77 UNITS
TIME BETWEEN ORDERS T:
Q∗¿ 54.77
T= ¿ = = 2.19 MONTHS
D 25
Optimum storage level (S*):
s* =
√ 2 C2 D
C4
×
√ C3
C 3+ C 4
s* =
√ 2 ×15 × 25
1.50
×
√ 0.30
0.30+1.50 √
= = √ 500
0.30
1.80
= 22.3607√ 0.1667 = 22.3607* 0.4082 = 9.13units