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Communication English Guide Civil 6th Sem

The document is a refresher manual focused on communication skills, covering topics such as editing, interpretation, grammar, citation styles, and report writing. It includes exercises for students to practice editing passages with various errors and interpreting texts for deeper meaning. The manual aims to enhance students' writing and comprehension abilities through structured lessons and examples.

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Samrat Bhattarai
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13 views65 pages

Communication English Guide Civil 6th Sem

The document is a refresher manual focused on communication skills, covering topics such as editing, interpretation, grammar, citation styles, and report writing. It includes exercises for students to practice editing passages with various errors and interpreting texts for deeper meaning. The manual aims to enhance students' writing and comprehension abilities through structured lessons and examples.

Uploaded by

Samrat Bhattarai
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nd| 4 EDITION u G.L’ Book House 7 al GN refresher manual i Fal elatr ea ieutlte Er. Pramod Gautam Er.| Ramesh Dhamal Er. Roshan Ghimire y ? Scanned with CamScanner Ta of content Chapteri: Editing : 1-4 Chapter2: Interpretation 5-9 Chapter3: © Summary and Note Making Chapter 4: © Reading s Chapter5: Grammar Chapter. 6: MLA and APA styles of Citation s Chapter 7: Notice, Agenda and Minute Chapter8: Report Writing Chapter9: Writing Proposal Chapter 10: Research Article “~~ Scanned with CamScanner Chapter 1: Editing|1 Editing Editing In editing, the given passage must be corrected. These cortections to be done can be graticialedl or spelling or tense or even words. These mistakes should be corrected and musi be re-written using these corrections. These editing exercises allow students to learn to proof read ‘and edit. This skill inevitably carries over into their own work, allowing them to be better writers. i. Ans: Ans: Edit the following which contains a good many errors. _ .[2069 Bhadra] “Alexander was born in 365 BC in Pella Macedonia established by his'| ° father, Phillip Il, as the. centre of the Hellenism. Hurtured on, the thoughts of his tutor, Aristotle, he rose to fame like brilliant military leader. He influenced the course of history, rightfully earning his title. as Alexander the great. In 335 BC he became Military chief of all the .Greeks. By the time'of his death in 323 BC he created an enormous empire, stretching from Adriatic’ sea tothe Indies, and’ from ‘Caucasian Mountains of Egypt, He spread the Greek spirit father and wide among nation who idolised this great man. Alexander was born in 356 BC in Pella’ Macedonia established’ by mm father, philip Il, as the‘centre. Nurtured on the thoughts of his tutor, Atistotle, he rose to fame like brilliant military leader’ He influenced the © course of history rightfully: earning his title as Alexander the Great: In 335 BC he became Military chief of all the Greek. By the time of/his death in 323 BC, he created on enormous empire, stretching from Adriatic/sea to the India's, and form Caucasian; Mountains to Egypt, He’spread the Greek spirit far and wide among nation who idolized this great man. Edit text given below: ; ‘2070 Bhadral Hanilet had just enough life'in him to hear Goratio's promise: then whispering the words the rest in’silence he sank ‘down dead such was the end of the brave and noble prince of Denmark. He was mourned as one who would have miade a splendid king, and) he) was carried to his burial with soldiers music and people's mourning. |. Hamlet had just enough life left in him to hear Goratio's promise: then, whispering the words the rest is silence; He sank down dead. Such was the end of the brave and noble prince of Denmark; He was mourned as ‘one who would have made a splendid king, and he was carried to his ‘burial with soldiers music, and a people's mourning. Scanned with CamScanner 2 URefreser Manna Communication English ‘3 Edith following pasiage which contains good many enor: A 2070 a TR ae ae rail en ‘an worked round the clock, rake output, protected quality and Industral competive.! ‘One robot can replace between two and five production worker, ‘whl provide cheaper abou. In US ca industry, a man-hour cost round $28 but a robot hour cots $6 Ane: Roboization are, by an large, a viable propositions the machines an work round the clock, raise output, protect quality and indus ‘competitiveness. One robot can replace between two. and. five production workers whle providing cheaper labor. In the US car {ndasty, aman-hour costs arbund S23 batarobet-hour costs $6. 4 ditt flowing text {207 Bhadis) Chapter: tng ‘Ans: "Hw perfectly sweet” said Christine when Sara confessed that Adis lecson and been made inthe war seth Pakistan °Now if my Sion ‘were to indie in’ such a spot eld funk he would, my Simon" ‘when there was sucha ap in Cuba and Resa and Davlng Kennedy eas ever so brave, Simon wanted tole to Greenland, Edit the following te {2072 Ashwi) “A husband and wile were Paving problems and decided to end thee tion aller a very shot tine together Afer e brief attempt to ‘reconcile the couple went o court finalize the beak up. ‘The jade asked the haskand, what and Wrought you to this point where you'te unable to keep this manage together. ‘The husband replied “I the six weeks we have been together, we ‘havenot been able to agree on asnge thing” ‘Seven weak the wife sid 1 fier at ths son Her Tavng me 8 don voce ma snes ene of which ised Espen ella my ster ‘to complain that I never returned his phone calls why are you leaving Nmvoke made itera ttt hin dns My fates Is hs Ison afer ving me» doen vo mal sapere fiche taped be cd ny se npn ht never ese is pone el. “Why ae Yu leving ‘envoke nes ay sree tte in” Ste owing parngaphs ur gy + Then my anasemet she ee arpa manor Tat ight Mary reveled tt dropping ny hts fet ot a et was ‘pl Rng od Scat ce Stompers pyre she only cherhed wonders pple wih snc. Af beg ‘res thy ily fl for oe ante 0 bce, “high chon iro ‘Ans They ae She gee erp nib: Tha ih May veel a oping eter pein coer wana tape thing od She dnc Stat wht pr ye ltd in sh nly cherthed nehrl ppt wah ate Aer hep tng yet thy ut fer oe ther and bane high sealant 6 aie foting tx ra Asi F How prey set all CMe wen Sul cone hat Ais dann ad ben mae nt wa ith Patan. Now if my non ‘raf nd Nel noah 2 oid an he would ny Son ‘hon there nsucha apo Coad Rasa ering Kennedy crater sshatg Seo and what Gat ‘A husband and wife were having problems and decided to end heir union after avery short ine together. After abit attempt to recone, the couple went to court to finalize heir beak up. “The judge asked the husband, “What had brought you to this pont where you're unable to hep this marie together™ “Th husband replied Inthe sx weoks we ave ben together we have not ben able fo agree ona single lng." "Seven week the wife sai ithe following ox 2072 Mag 1 bosed game is gne played with counters or pecs that ae placed ‘on removed from or moved across aboard sine board games often ‘make ideal oly entertainment since they are often apprepriate for ‘il ages. Some board games such like chess and Chinese checkers ave sate val and have been lassi fr centuries x Aboard game i «game played with counters or pisces Wat are placed fon, emoted from or moved across boar Sipe board games often ‘ake eal fay entrainment since they are len appropriate forall ‘ages Some boardgame, such as cess ‘and Chinese checkers, have strategie vale and have been classics foreentarics he following text {2074 nigh ‘What she goes on to descibe you Wink boat W » perverse ‘aston of Theswus paradise, What you started epacng the sold planks of hi ship with rote nes is it stil he same ship after one planks replaced hove about half of them here point when Gerda {Srolonger Gerda? Scanned with CamScanner “Ans: What she goes 6 dsr, you tink sou i § perverse erin of Theseus parade, What you stated replacing te slid ‘ni of hs ship wilh rtd ner? eal he same ship ae one ik reed Ho stout half ten? theres pot when Gerda Srolonge Gah? 10. Eth folowing tet aay Tye donot acknowclgeweaknes on he ve of troubles and if yours fo wo aout our robles, you wl don Bow much oe sucess, peaceful and happy: you sre: Daly male this ‘Mimo. | wl be nether ay nor fevers ave in every hale le stat doy best witout wry south are Ane: you dort ekaovledge weaken the ice of Gols and ifyou rea owory about your pablens you wil dot how mach more ccs pect and happy you te. Daly male th aration“ tbe erly or feveraiy ave Ineveryehalenge of ie hall omy fest witha wary brat the fore 2. Edt the folowing 75 Ashwin “A board game a pane played ah caso ple that ee ced ce removed fre oe moved actors «bord simple board fet ofien me Me fnly enters Seta en Sppropete forall ges. Some bord anes uch Ike hes and CGtnee celes have sgh vale ad bv bee cas for ‘Ans: Refer S7ANagh Chapter 2:Iateyretation|S Interpretation Interpret- to explain: to give or provide the meaning: to clarify “Therein ference betwen Interpretation & Description Description: dene account ofthe certain or salient aspects, characterizes or etares ofsubjet matteo Something seen oer matters. For Example: In smple meaning, what text does-Descipion Whata text means-Introperaton = Your doco tls you to cates chocolate Description of sbove statement would be: ‘The doctor advised me to change ny dit & Interpretation of above statement would be “The doctor warned me to reduce my calories for sae of my health ‘So the interpretation gives the meaning within the statment, story text ‘Steps to interpret a text 1) Scan the text hough speed reading (Not through) i 1 Find the meaning ofthe txt. {i Take important pints nto consideration |n) Make thse points asa base to find significance and unstated meaning of ‘he text wth el of your experienced nowledge related tothe text. Note: Don’t copy the wll teen preset within the fet Instead copy some tod & inert ino ge oginlty toilerpeain. 4, Read the fllovring test arefally and interpret is's0 as to make the meaning clear {2070 Bhadsa ‘What sa democratic goverment vo do ina country where people are steeped in gnorance and supersiton, where thers is opposition oF “esistance to vent sud efor form vested interests in society? ‘Ans: Democratic goverment isa form of government in which supreme [pomge is vested on the people & exercised dielly by them ox by thee ‘lect agents But ina county where majority of people are eterate, Scanned with CamScanner 6 1Refresher Manua of Commnicain Eng superstiious &steped in ign, denarii ot be cea in democay, idl Rave sian le ply they remain ignorant they cana improve heir poston im socket. So. the development of ration depends pon development of individual Education can ply get rein inatg ignorance & superstition from an nie Al, oes oppsion or estan fo even rind refoms det personal on of avelement by india or {up of nid ten demacay nha country woud not achieve Iiuck Dennecy forte peopl bythe pole ont and ness {role ae prone upersins dont ave emmen understanding enc gverment wold not sucess hl out 2." Read the following text and interprets meaning on your own: ‘Worst ofall were he night; nthe focaral stlines the groans and cies were more disney audible, black shadows crept stalhily form the gorges of the distant mountains towards the half demolished walls, hiding enemy cmp from view and over the black ridges ofthe mountsine ree the moon ike ast shield dented by sword blows toc © coc of wounded pepe pes of women ealing of Shien a ine war were cay ode da oe slecs sac fn suroundng, envionment Aad te Shadow loomed bythe omit fn © dct moved sw, sendy xy Tovar he aged wal cing ec vw ef ey eam Themoon haven atane night vas ont cst ie dened ‘hil dete coded ames at was fomed during be a 2. Read he fling fet xl and inert ita to make the eninge {amt Today aga Tard To soe ave Teel ‘tne Soc igs ox wth te Boga elk yt af Setanta he aie pt oe on pls og tvgh ih tier eat or eh npc of pe iam hs Ary ta Sv ar hve en poy cle y overt pl ging he natal of sep. Mach ‘mth dard (dng what he ov eed at ‘Set atone det mut ty ae ch ictal of ot ps. ‘Ans: Jet gals led igh fatigues when a prion wave form one tunes cnet anatiet It pap ve with the Bologkeal clock rhythms the human body lt an ean fig, tienes and drs the ‘tara aws of sep Sesoed velo are more fair With log Chapter? Interpretation! 7 ‘as may travel acros time zones time to time Jet ag are major issue for pits & astronauts a the life of other & themselves are in thet hand dif they ace seriously aflected by eg then hazardous acident may ‘occurs, Scenic research are directed 10 find out these laws and what ieced to find out these laws snd what extent they affect pts and fastronaus, But these laws equally fect us all not only pilots de 4 Read the following teat and interpret is meaning in your own langage: (2072 Ashwin or half of the day we are dave to recesses which we cannat shih whether we ere monarchs with a thousand servans or humble Iaborete with no savants bat their wives. And the wives must undertake the additional heavy slavery of ehd-beasng ifthe world is illo be peopled. These natral jobs cannot be shied. But they involve other jobs which can. As we mst eat we mast fst provide food: as we mist slep we must have beds and bedding inhouse with fireplaces and coals. now, food and house and clothes can be ‘produced by hman labour. If you are to Izy to get about from place to place on your own legs, you can make a slave ofa horse. And ‘what you do to horse, you can ls do to man ora woman ora child ‘you gel the upper hand of them by oreo aud or wickery of any ‘Ans: The given ted Wats how a human being i onder osay ave must at do other bodily function. Aer this done a human has to work fora living. These works can beget doe tough servants, sna like horses or peopl by fore or fraud bat sil she individual Jaye to produce food, thing & ther goods to full her needs for a comfortable living. Thus, we cannot quite shake of the shackles of frlavement So we ae slave to necesaie which we cannot avoid or neglect Women suffer mote as they have to bea children, apart from oing household chores to keep tradition offal going so, even for a ‘ich women dlvery i unavoidable, 5. Read the given text and interpret its meaning. {2072 Magh ‘By teaching all other subject, except moral vale, we may produce sient, engineers, doctors scholars, management experts, Titeraters ete. comparable withthe best anywhere nthe word bat these great professionals donot have peace of mind and qualities of loveand kindness, what ing of sci wil weave? ‘Ans, Moral vale sefers toa set of principle hat guides at individual on row to evaluate right versus wrong t,o jshfy decision & actions Without moral values lke honesty, respet for others, compassion forgiven et. Wercan produce great doctors, engineers, scholars but thee would be olence dishonesty, bad influence etc i society. This would dccly Scanned with CamScanner 8 [Refresher Manual of Conmretion Ergish hamper peace of soc a8 well as peace of mind on individual. For cxample-If a scientist makes « bond then without moral value he cannot decide right or wrong she can use that bomb for destrictive ‘purposes. This may increase vnlnce or disturb peace in soc. So, ‘oral vale provides a stricture fof an individuals ie & gives an feeling af peace joy whe appli. Reade given ext and interprets meaning in about 150 words: Bhar “Thre ferm Ba wer meaning han he ele of sory and iterate, A humble cooking pots t much altal product as {Beethoven sonata Jn ordinary spec a man of cutie a man who can speak languages oer than hi own, who fami with Fist, blerature,phloophy of he le rt Im some igus that definition stil narrower. The cultural peso ion, ho ean tlk Aout james joye, Seat, and Paso, To the anthropologist, Hower tobe hatin tobe elle. There i cular in general and then here are the speci elles suchas Russian, American, Bris, Honeno, ne. The general abstract notice serves to remain ws {hat we camet explain aces sly interns ofthe blogic properties ofthe people concema, thir ndiiteal post epenince andthe Janene stuston, The past experience of eh sen in the form of cla eters lo lost every even ach specie calle conte King ofp oral ie actin ‘Ans Te ides estos and scl behaviour of partis people or ace" 4s corimeny ensidered as etre bt ths em “har! bas wider trea thant ces fo have For eg, Oriana man & considered Called if he/she an peak ferent language (te than his moter tong, who familiar with word History or who has knowledge ‘about philosophy, ltepature o fine ans. These types of people ae Gonsidered cata mosty even inthe conta of Nepal Even people Ivho alls or knows about other persons ln Jamas Joyee, Saco & caso a considered to be cultured. Each cate dfs frm the est ‘ecase it deals with dleent peopl in diferent scl environment. Bat clr apt only dered by the way we are brought up, Bu also petsonal pot experince and hinlopkal properties f the people Considered Whatever may be th case each peti culate constutes a ind of bue pit al of ie activites, Read the giventex andinterpetits meaning. | __ (74 Bhada] We seal sior-sghied nd very often see Dat one si of = mater, fur views ae na extended tall hata connection tht From this defect Think no man {sre We see bt in pt and we know ‘out in part and therefore itis i wonder we eonlode not ight rm ar paral views, Ths mig ist the proadert etme of his Ane: Ane Chapter 2: neprection|9 ‘wm parts how seul It to alk and conslt with others, even such fas caine short of hin in capacy® quickness and penetration for fince noone see all and we generally have diferent prospects of the Same ring, according to ou diferent as I may st positions to iit {5 not incongruous 10 think: nor beneath any mn to ty, whether nother man nt have notions of things which have escaped htm, and ‘which his reson would make use off they camel is mind ‘The given tet talks about how people are narrow minded and How people always ty to see things only fom thei point of view. The author Thinks tal all human beings have this deft of viewing things fom ‘only one side, partial view, He also states that we view things not ‘only fom diferent side ht also wih ferent eyes o not only we see fd know about matter partially, we ty to prove that mater ight for tur perceived ptt point of view. From ths we can say how useful it 1S to consult. with others 20 we can see abou! the mater in diferent perspective and broaden the pint of view of the mater. Read the following text carefully and interpret itso as to make the seaning lear (a07a had) “The planet on which man lives the rd closest to the sun wih he third shortest orbit It aio has something none of th thes has an atmosphere tat can support fe a all the manic forms that exist fon our planet. There may be satlites cling other stars in other parts ofthe universe whch have the right ingredient for sme sort fife wo evolve, bt th earth the only one inthe solar system, Earth is hid planet from the sn andthe only planet in the universe known to hntbor lie, The eifeence between Earth and any ler ‘cesta bods in space is that Earth contain a layer of gases which not nly supports but als protects all the ie forms that exists in cur planet. “This atmorphere surrounds the planet Fath ad is refrained by Earths rvity. The major constituents of Earth's atmosphere are nitopen, faygen and argon In a different comer of @ universe, there may bea Celestia objec tht has the right ingredients to suppont fe orm, but a the colar eystem eirth isthe only one Read the given text and interpret its meaning. 2075 Ashwin) By teaching al ler Ba, EP oa vals we may pre {ret scenins engines decor, scholar. management experts iterate comparable wih the est anywhere inthe word bat ‘hese great poesia de not ave pace of mind and quis of love ands, what Kid of society el we be? Refer 02072 Magh Scanned with CamScanner 01K lf Commnation Eighth Summary and Note * Making Note making [ole making i the practice of recording information captured form another sources. By taking notes, the wer recording the essence of information, freving thet mind from hiving to recall everything, While taking notes {following points must be considered (@ Mast write th ite It should sate what majority of passage als about (G@ Helping Verbs Pronoane can be omited (i Write prises not complete sentences, Summary ‘An overview of conten! that provides & reader with the over arcing theme but oes not expand on spec ets Is mos part of summary is made out of notes not form passage while taking summary following points must be considered (9 Nottess than 1/3 woud nif passage (G) Made out notes not passage (is) Never star passage ike"This passage tals about” (e), Wit compleevtece na pss (0) Fallow onder ont as uch posible 1. Read ete gven eo cul make nots and write summary of, ie hada ‘alr ine wen cent save what ws erin sphere hs dsppared loge, Puli opinion no lege fos ound efor morality it y mean of pen dseproval and infonal pres, aes have ceed tae the ly ployer no loge ny he tas of muta he upper ds tive ase ing infaio as mod omet eho shoal tse and ‘nies done wo lnger dominate the mind of te Young Thing recoiled ther wrong ened where they ave thought to de 20 mane hams fomcaton, adultery homosexuality, abortion, nudity and ero Mourish openly where they were once legally penalized or forced to be discreetly veld. ‘Adolescents, who were once subject to the edits of parental jurisdiction, live as they please often earning as much as their fathers, fand enjoying more Iga rights at eighteen than grandmother posses at ny ae during thei ives But the decline of authority inthe twentieth century has not rnecesay meant arise in bey. For the concept of authority isnot something which stands lopeally opposed to that of freedom, although some unvellective people may think it does: Authority is really a special king of power whch ets ofthe constant and belie of those who livg under it, Without such fre assent, there can be no such thing a thoy. So freedom inthis important sense is pat of the very notions of authority. And when authority is remove it is ‘only t00 likely that wil be followed either by the rule of naked power ory anarchy. ‘Ans: Authority in 208Centary AL Authority today 1, Declined & dsappeared 1LANotiee in iberty 2 Less spoken dispproval 21 Decrease in meray 3. Wrong behaviour tolerated 31 Adultery, nudity, abortion et 32Nopenates given B. Concept of Authority Less om consent & Bll 2, Freedomasa part 3. Whensémoved 31 Rule of Naked power ib 32Ruleby anarchy ‘Summary ‘Authority in present situation has declined & disappeared but that doesnt necessarily mean ise in ibery. Morality in publichas decreased ue to less plies fe disapproval. Wrong behaviours lke Adultery, nudity, abortion etc. being tolerated and no penalties are given for doing so. Authority rests on consent belief ut when removed it will ‘be fllowed by eof naked power or by anarchy Scanned with CamScanner 12 [Refresher Manual Communication English 2 Shy the allowing excelente and cone tina sme : 7 ha Al ep wo spa ene ingage ve agrd sed ein rots ees ands les eo omen with Schahe The gprs tot he words hensaves they might tc wel hve che fle one Wt tutes tht hs apeeent cette of word shoal be fly dest el ented in deal by everyone wb wisest prof by em. Lt ts tke cape of l-ging By He he Tigo el eas noting Bl incrin engin one aja eet tne see ie fr hos, somebody Ibe doa, hats tend of he latte re Ber, pee, Malrci,We might wl wonder how hs tht the sane obec Tears muy cent ng bo ethane cy. The tous cs fog ney tne a plats wh re how tt tan ol er se thg Ths al ot ayn be {oe loconmantaign sera oe ings Les pp hie vel sigs or words Pt we can communicate it el by wing abe, pay or ayting Prvided we arene he rece We can vet empl son werd io Sony, an clacton fron 1 el commit gate dies ngs The werd pow on teu sel ot of the pene fern te ard tng. Te splice tay sgn depends othe tonto i chit et ‘Ans: Means of communication 1A. Langport 1 nls Commie 2 Monte unde inetd 3 Pope uaolwetde 31 Catan cea os Sasi wedi igs Saucon depen crit 3. SeundarNone 1 thet mesg te sind 2: Meng unger ih pla tne nd ne 2. cru in onion Summary People using sane language use certain word for certain jobs enabling them fo comnuniate. These words shouldbe fully understood in deta For diferent words some meaning can be understood like Father, daddy te, Also for sime words diferent words can be undersced lke port (Chapter 3: Summary and Note Making 13 for both harbour & wine. Diferent meaning ca be understood for sae sound like Bll ining for cling waiters & same bel ringing for time for school & 39 on Ths meaning changes with pce tine and occurs in recognized context 3. Read the paage given Below, take down the notes and write sammy: [2070 Magh] ‘Allow stl az wells plain carbon sel may be claaifies acceding tothe ability to harden. Tiss probaly the most significant basis of lasing allow and plain carbon tel. The ability to harden has teen defined asthe ‘ardenablity’ of sel The role played by the hardenabiity of sel one of peat importance and any test that can ‘be made to check this characteristic of stl wil prove of value inthe selecion and qualifications of any ste! fora given application. In fact, hardenbilty ian important criterion of sling or rejecting steel fora particular parpose. Ithas been determined thatthe hardenablty of tel is dependent upon several factors and these factors do ot include the chemical ‘composition or alloy contest ofthe sel What are the factors that infence the hardnaility of ste? Such factors as method of tanufactre.pracve in shaping and variables in treating. all influence the harenabity of sel? Such factors as method of ranafacite practice in’ shaping. and variables in treating. all Influence the hatenabilty of stele Beeause this variable. will influence the hardenabbty, the usual methods of testing, without ‘arying ont atest for ardenabity, may not reveal the complete story about the ste Ths being tre, several methods have been

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