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English Grammar Topics

This document provides an overview of essential English grammar topics, including parts of speech, sentence structure, tenses, articles, modals, voice, speech, agreement, comparison, question formation, conditionals, punctuation, and common grammar errors. Each topic is explained with definitions and examples. It serves as a foundational guide for understanding and using English grammar correctly.

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Sumanth Reddysr
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9 views5 pages

English Grammar Topics

This document provides an overview of essential English grammar topics, including parts of speech, sentence structure, tenses, articles, modals, voice, speech, agreement, comparison, question formation, conditionals, punctuation, and common grammar errors. Each topic is explained with definitions and examples. It serves as a foundational guide for understanding and using English grammar correctly.

Uploaded by

Sumanth Reddysr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English Grammar Topics: Explanations and Examples

1. Parts of Speech
Nouns
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea.
 Example: John (person), Paris (place), book (thing), happiness (idea).
Pronouns
A pronoun replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
 Example: He, she, it, they, we.
 Sentence: Sarah loves chocolate. She eats it every day.
Verbs
A verb expresses an action or state of being.
 Example: Run, jump, think, is, are.
 Sentence: She runs every morning.
Adjectives
An adjective describes or modifies a noun.
 Example: Beautiful, tall, blue, happy.
 Sentence: The beautiful flower bloomed.
Adverbs
An adverb modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
 Example: Quickly, very, well, silently.
 Sentence: She speaks fluently.
Prepositions
A preposition shows the relationship between a noun and another word in the sentence.
 Example: In, on, at, between, under.
 Sentence: The book is on the table.
Conjunctions
A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses.
 Example: And, but, or, because.
 Sentence: I like tea and coffee.
Interjections
An interjection is a word that expresses strong emotion.
 Example: Wow!, Ouch!, Oh no!
 Sentence: Wow! That’s amazing!

2. Sentence Structure
Subject and Predicate
 Subject: The person or thing performing the action.
 Predicate: The part that contains the verb and tells about the subject.
 Sentence: The dog (subject) barks loudly (predicate).
Clauses
 Independent Clause: Can stand alone as a sentence.
o Example: I like ice cream.

 Dependent Clause: Cannot stand alone.


o Example: Because I was late.

Phrases
A group of words that act as a single part of speech.
 Example: In the morning (prepositional phrase)

3. Tenses
Present Tense
 Simple: She writes a letter.
 Continuous: She is writing a letter.
 Perfect: She has written a letter.
 Perfect Continuous: She has been writing for an hour.
Past Tense
 Simple: She wrote a letter.
 Continuous: She was writing a letter.
 Perfect: She had written a letter.
 Perfect Continuous: She had been writing for an hour.
Future Tense
 Simple: She will write a letter.
 Continuous: She will be writing a letter.
 Perfect: She will have written a letter.
 Perfect Continuous: She will have been writing for an hour.

4. Articles
 Definite Article: The (specific reference)
 Indefinite Articles: A, An (general reference)
 Example: A cat sat on the mat.

5. Modals
 Express ability, possibility, necessity, or permission.
 Example: Can, could, may, must, shall, should.
 Sentence: You must finish your work.

6. Active and Passive Voice


 Active: She wrote a letter.
 Passive: A letter was written by her.

7. Direct and Indirect Speech


 Direct Speech: He said, "I am happy."
 Indirect Speech: He said that he was happy.

8. Subject-Verb Agreement
 Example: She is happy. (not She are happy)
9. Degrees of Comparison
 Positive: Big
 Comparative: Bigger
 Superlative: Biggest
 Sentence: This is the biggest house.

10. Question Formation


 Yes/No Question: Do you like tea?
 WH-Question: Where do you live?
 Tag Question: You like tea, don’t you?

11. Conditionals
 Zero: If water boils, it turns into steam.
 First: If you study, you will pass.
 Second: If I were you, I would go.
 Third: If I had studied, I would have passed.

12. Punctuation
 Period (.): Ends a sentence.
 Comma (,): Separates items in a list.
 Semicolon (;): Connects independent clauses.
 Apostrophe (’): Shows possession (John’s book).

13. Common Grammar Errors


 Run-on Sentences: Incorrect: She runs he walks. → Correct: She runs, and he walks.
 Double Negatives: Incorrect: I don’t know nothing. → Correct: I don’t know
anything.
 Misplaced Modifiers: Incorrect: She almost drove her kids to school every day. →
Correct: She drove her kids to school almost every day.
This document covers the basics of English grammar with examples. Let me know if you
need any more details or explanations! 😊

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