English

8 Marks – Question and Answer

1. Explain the following words and use them in sentences of your own.
a) Petite
Having a small trim figure. Usually used for woman.
She was dark and petite, as was her wife.
b) En route
On the way to or from somewhere.
I stopped en route (to the party) and got some wine.
c) Ad Initium
At the beginning
d) En masse
All together and at the same time, in large numbers.
The shop’s 85 workers have resigned en masse.
e) Post script
Any written or spoken addition to something already finished / a short
remark or message added to the bottom of a letter after you have
signed your name.
There was the usual romantic postscript at the end of his letter – PS I
love you.
f) Vis-à-vis
Compared with / in relation to or towards
I need to speak to James Lewis vis-à-vis the arrangements for
Thursday.
g) Judicature
The administration of justice, as by judges or courts. / The office,
function, or authority of a judge.
Oaths taken in courts of judicature, civil or religious, and the
marriage oath, bind the parties in like manner.
h) Synopsis
A Summary giving a general view of the whole
I don’t need to know every little plot twist; just give me a synopsis of
the movie.

2. Write a report about your visit to a historical place.

Or
Write a report about an accident that you witnessed
Sample Report
Ans. My Visit to a Historical Place

A Report
Last week, the Education Society of our college organized an Education tour to the
Red Fort, Delhi. It was a one day trip. As many as there were 80 students. We were
all curious to witness this monumental evidence of India’s Freedom struggle.
We reached the venue at 10:30 am. The Red Fort is located in the heart of Delhi.
The fort was the main home of the emperors of the Mughal dynasty for around 200
years until the 1857 mutiny. It was Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan who got it
constructed in 1639.

This great walled citadel with red sandstone wall took around 10 years to complete.
Visit to the Red Fort is not only an Educational but also a cultural trip. This great
monument is the standing example of rich Indian culture intermingling with the
Mughal culture which the Mughals had brought to India with them.
My Visit to the Red Fort – A Historical Place
We enjoyed the Mughal style of architecture with the fusion of Persian and Hindu
traditions. The chief chambers of the fort were Diwan-e-aam and Diwan-e-khaas.
The other places the Red Fort houses are Rang Mahal, a Museum ( earlier it was
Mumtaj Mahal) etc.
Each and every wall of the fort was telling us the beautiful stories of Aristocracy and
Indian Freedom Movement. This is also the place from where our Prime Minister
unfurls flag and addresses the country every year on 15th August.

After wandering a lot in the lush greenery of the fort, we sat down for taking our
lunch. There was a small eatery outlet.

We enjoyed food there. Outside the fort, we also did some shopping. Then we started
the return journey to our homes. Really it was the pleasant experience. Besides, the
visit enhanced our knowledge about this great historical place and our rich culture
and tradition.

By –
XYZ

Or
Report on the accident that you witnessed
Date/Month/Year
Thakurganj, Bilaspur.

On 12th March, when I was going to my sister’s house on the occasion of the
Rakshabandhan festival, a truck, and a bus collided head-on on the way. The main
reason for the collision was the speed of both the vehicles.
 The bus was full of passengers and the truck was full of heavy cargo. As soon as the
collision took place, the bus overturned due to a strong collision. Out of the total
passengers on the bus, six died on the spot, all of whom were elderly.
Other passengers on the bus suffered serious injuries. Some had internal injuries
and some had broken heads. The passengers who got more injuries were taken to a
nearby hospital by the people there.

Out of the six people who died, two badly got stuck under the bus, and one’s hand
was cut off. On the other hand, there was a fire In the truck due to which the goods
loaded on that started burning. All the people were trying to extinguish the fire in
the truck but the flames were getting stronger. There was no trace of the truck
driver.

Suddenly the truck exploded, taking everyone away from both the vehicles. The
people called the police on the spot. When the police officers reached there, they
asked people about the incident. People explained everything in detail. An officer
called JCB to get the bus straight and took both the vehicles into custody.

Along with this, the police identified all the dead people and informed their family
members, and asked the concerned people to appear at the police station soon.
By
XYZ

3. Write a letter to the editor drawing his attention to poor amenities situation in your
neighbourhood
Sample letter
Ans
Xyz
22, MayurVihar
Jaipur
18 , May ,2023

The Editor
ABC newspaper
Jaipur Rajasthan

Subject: Highlighting the bad condition of roads, public park , and other
amenities.

Dear Sir,
 Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw the
attention of the concerned authorities towards the bad condition of roads, public
parkand other amenities in our locality. The condition of roads is deplorable with
countless potholes making the purpose of the road, a failure. Moreover, things get
even worse during the rainy season when potholes are not visible due to the poor
drainage system and the area becomes heavily accident prone. The residents are
facing a lot of inconvenience due to the road condition. The parks are not well
maintained, the garbage is thrown anywhere in the locality . There is no proper
facilities of throwing garbage, cleaning the area and park in our locality.

On behalf of the residents of MayurVihar, I humbly request you to pass on this

information to the concerned authorities and use the influence of your esteemed
organization in getting the work done.
I hope that you consider the request of the residents of this area and take proper
action.

Yours faithfully,
Xyz
4. Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper drawing his attention toward the
environmental pollution caused by the garbage in the colony
Sample letter
Ans.
Date: 20 June, 2023
To
The Editor -in-chief
ABC newspaper
Jaipur Rajasthan
Subject:- garbage missmanagement in our locality Causing environmental pollution
Respected Sir/Madam
I beg to draw your kind attention to the garbage miss management issues in our
locality at Vasant Kunj Jaipur. There is no proper system in place for collection and
disposal of garbage from the street, shops and private households. This matter has
been brought to the notice of the municipality several times by the residents of the
locality. However , no permanent long-term solution has been adopted yet.
People throw garbage on the streets, shopkeeper throw waste from their shops, and
Street vendors do same. Sach garbage creates and unhealthy atmosphere for the
native residents. The smell from the wastages is unbearable as they content toxic
gases . The garbage chokes up the drainage in the rainy season. It is especially
hurting the health condition of the children and elderly. This garbage is causing
environmental pollution. The toxic gases causing air pollution, the garbage on the
land causing land pollution.
The health of the residents is deteroting day by day. Children and elderly are getting
sick. Our complaints are not being heard by the local bodies which is this
 disheartening. Therefore it is kindly requested that you bring this matter into the
attention of higher authorities and the general public by publishing it in your
esteemed newspaper as early as possible. The residence of our locality will highly
appreciate your help in this regard
Looking forward to your kind corporation in addressing the situation.
Thanking you
Your sincerely
Jkl
5. Write a brief about an accidental sight
6. What are essentials of brief writing. Write a brief about loss of vehicle.
7. Write a letter to editor of a newspaper complaining of the frequent breakdowns of
electricity in your locality
Sample letter
Ans. 54, Rani Layout,
Khevna road,
Jaipur

23 May 2023

To,
The Editor,
ABC newspaper
Mumbai

Subject: – Complaint about the frequent breakdown of electricity in my locality

Respected sir/madam
Our locality is facing the problem of the frequent breakdown of electricity, I am
writing this letter to draw a kind attention of the local authorities towards this
problem through your honored newspaper. The residences of the area are in a
problematic situation due to the frequent power cut.
A sudden and frequent power cut in the locality causing darkness on the roads and
there a great chance of causing accidents over the road. Due to the power cut
students cannot study properly at night. Also there is a chance of robbery in the
houses. People are not feeling comfortable living alone in the houses. We have made
a lot of requests in the MS-DCl office to look into the matter but they didn’t work on
that. Please publish this article in your esteemed daily so that the authorities should
focus on that and take any action against the situation. So that we will be free from
the current worst condition of the electricity breakdown.

Thanking you.
Yours truly,
GHY
8. You are Jacob Jocs , a newspaper reporter. Write a report giving details of the
sudden collapse of a bridge in your locality
Sample Report
Ans. AT LEAST 1 DIED, 25 HART IN MAJHERHAT BRIDGE COLLAPSE

By Jacob Jocs/XYZ

KOLKATA, MARCH 03: At least one person died and 25 were injured after a
portion of the Majherhat bridge on Kolkata’s Diamond Harbour Road collapsed
Tuesday. The 50-year-old bridge, located adjacent to the Majherhat railway station,
was maintained by the state public works department. It connected the city to the
southern fringes and was an important link between Behala and Kidderpore. At
first local people started rescue operations. According to the police, a portion of it
collapsed on a canal at around 4.45 pm.Bus-Lori collapsed and many walking
passersby may be trapped under the bridge. Train lines have gone under the middle
of the bridge. Two private cars, three cabs, a private bus, and five motorbikes were
on the bridge at the time.

Police confirmed the death of one person and said 19 others, including two women,
were injured. The injured have been admitted to SSKM and CMRI hospitals. Fire
brigade personnel engaged in the rescue work had pulled out 25 injured from
rubble. Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has said “stringent action” will be taken
against the owners of the company assigned to construct the bridge, connecting the
central part of the city to the north.
9. Write a letter to the municipal commissioner on the necessity of public park
innovation in a posh locality of Bapu Nagar of Jaipur
Sample letter
Ans.
Bapu Nagar
Jaipur
Rajsthan

June 2, 2023

The Commissioner
JaipurMunicipality
Jaipur Rajasthan

Subject: People need a public park to breathe and relax

Sir,
 I am a resident of Bapu Nagar downtown area, under Jaipur Municipality. This
letter to you is intended to express my concern over the issue of reducing open
grassland areas in our locality.

Our locality is one of the most densely populated areas in the entire Jaipur. With
time more and more residential buildings are being constructed and the population
is increasing gradually. But as a result of such massive scale construction works
open field areas are being decreased. The greenery of our town is also being reduced
with it. People have nowhere to relax, children are losing their playing areas within
the colony of concrete. This can have a major effect on the health of people and the
children of this locality for the long term.

So, in this context, I want to request you to initiate building a public park in this
locality, where we can restore the greenery, people can breathe freely and children
can again enjoy their childhood.

Yours Sincerely,
AGF

10. You are Abhinav Sharma a newspaper reporter. Write a report giving details of a
blood donation camp organised in the University campus
Sample Report
Ans. Blood Donation Camp
Reported by: Abhinav Sharma, Newspaper reporter, XYZ newspaper

March 18, 2023; Rajasthan University: A great initiative of organizing a blood

donation camp was taken by Five year law college ofRajasthan University on
17thMarch 2023, Friday on the college campus by the NSS Unit of the college.
The blood donation program was held from 10:30 am the morning. All the students
along with the professors were seen to take greater initiative.
The camp started at exactly 10:30 morning with a prayer song by beautiful girls
wearing red and white sarees followed by a short speech from the principal.
A group of 6 doctors and 8 nurses who were from Burdwan Medical College and
Hospital were present on the campus for conducting the camp. The donors were
asked to fill out a medical form to give details about their health-related
information.
Before the donation, checking weight, pressure, and body temperature were
measured so that the one donating blood does have to face further. The program was
held in the physical education room of the college’s new building.
The one donating blood was taken to the relaxation room for the rest of a few
minutes and given certificates and refreshments. The college assured that the donor
card will reach the respective ones in the coming dates.
 The professors of respective departments along with the principal took part in this
great program organized by the college. The principal acknowledged the college
authority and the college NSS Unit for such great initiative and said to have more
such programs.
The students and teachers were asked to share their views about their feeling about
blood donation by the covering media channels and were printed the next day in the
every newspaper columns , including XYZ newspaper also.
11. Write a letter to the municipal commissioner, appealing for funds to relieve the
sufferers from a flood
Sample letter
Ans.
To,
Municipal commissioner
Jaipur Municipality
Jaipur Rajasthan

Date: 5thJune 2023

SUBJECT: Fund raising for flood relief letter

Dear Sir,
I would like to bring to your notice that our University’s Student Union is aiming to
provide relief for the people suffering from flood . We want to help them by
providing necessity facilities like medication, food , clothes and shelter .

Our aim is to provide help to the people suffering from flood. I would like to draw
your kind attention to the fact that the recent devastating flood has caused an
enormous loss to the life and property of our locality. The people of the locality have
been passing their days in utmost miseries. Most of the people have lost their crops,
cattle and properties. Cholera and other fatal diseases have also broken out in the
locality in an epidemic form in the wake of flood for want of pure drinking water. It
has already taken some valuable lives. So, if immediate relief measures are not taken
the situation will go from bad to worse that will cause a severe blow to the life and
property of the flood stricken people.

In the above circumstances, we fervently pray and hope that you would be so
gracious as to take immediate steps by sending adequate relief fund to us, to save the
lives of the suffering people. Hence, I would like to make a kind request to provide
us with the necessary funding required to undertake our goal. It has a budget of 6
lakhs.
I am positive that you would support us in the best possible manner for such a noble
cause. I assure you that we would make the best use of the funds provided. I look
forward to hearing from you.
 Yours truly,
ABC
12. Write a letter to the editor of The Hindu on the rising number of road accidents due
to reckless driving
Sample letter
Ans.
To
The Editor
The Hindu
Jaipur Rajasthan

Sub :- Increasing number of accident by reckless driving

Sir,
I shall be highly obliged to you if you kindly allow me a little space in your
esteemed daily to draw the kind attention of the Government to the reckless driving
in our city increasing the number of the accidents.
It is a matter of great public annoyance that accidents have become a regular affair
in the streets of our city. Reckless driving of buses, cars, lorries and taxis has
become a phenomenon in and around the town. In most cases, it is found that the
drivers care little for the traffic rules. They often cross the speed limit. The drivers
drive their vehicles at a terrific speed with no regard to the rules of the road.
Incidents of overtaking other vehicles are very common in the streets here. The
traffic police also neglect their duties in this regard. As a result, accidents occur
every now and then. They overtake speeding vehicles ahead resulting in collisions
and casualties. Sometimes they plough through the commuters waiting for buses on
the road. The life of the people has become very unsafe and uncertain. Such
incidents make it seem that human life has no value.
I hope this will draw the prompt attention of the Government to take strong and
stern steps to stop reckless driving of vehicles and thus ensure the safety of the
passengers and the pedestrians as well. And I hope that government will take strong
steps to control the increasing rate of accidents.
Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,
ABC
Date :- 22 June,2023
13. What are the key points which we need to keep in mind while writing a report
Ans. The key points which we need to keep in mind while writing a report are:-
1. Before writing – one should know about the following before writing a report
 Correct Information: A report must be written after enough research
work. All the information about the respective topic must be correct. Any
wrong information can have an adverse effect on the audience.
  Topic Clarity: The audience should get a clear idea of the topic. The
report topic should not be unclear. Before going deep into the topic, an
introduction is much required.
 Write-Up Flow: The whole report should follow a proper write-up flow.
The report should be divided into some essential parts, such as
introduction, body, conclusion, and summary.
 Excellent Presentation: The report should be presented very well. A good
title, subheadings, bullet points, tables, reference links can be included in
the report to make it impressive, well-structured, and formal.
 Completion: The information given in the report should be unbiased and
complete.

1. While writing:-

Nowadays,when people have a lot options to get information on anything, it is

always good to have a to-the-point writing style.
Use heading, subheadings, sections and bullets to showcase the content
systematically. Use proper grammar and punctuation while writing a report. Always
use active voice rather than passive voice. Try to be innovative by presenting
suitable ideas and solutions as part of recommendations and suggestions.
Don’t forget to add recommendations and conclusions.No personal opinion is
allowed in a report.The report must be topic orientated.
The structure should be neat and clean.Tables, bullet points, graphs can be included
as proof of the information.
A report may include appendices, and often it has pre-designed layouts

2. After completion

Once you are done with writing, it is a good practice to proofread the piece to ensure
the quality and accuracy of the content. Also make sure the report has really
addressed the issue(s) and also has practical suggestions.

14. Write a letter to the health officer of your town complaining about the insanitary
condition of the colony in which you live.
Sample letter
Ans.
Bapu Nagar
Jaipur
Rajasthan

Date:- 22 June 2023

The Health Officer

 Jaipur Rajasthan

Subject –Insanitary Condition in our locality

Sir,

I would like to draw your kind attention to the insanitary conditions of our locality.
It is always full of heaps of dirt and litter scattered everywhere. The sweeper hardly
bothers to sweep the area regularly. He is very irregular and careless in his duties.
He does not regularly come to his duties. Even if he comes, he does not do his duties.
Very often he is drunk and lays somewhere. Drains are not cleaned regularly.

All these provide breeding ground for the spread of mosquitoes and other germs. It
may lead to the outbreak of some diseases. The area has turned into a small hell.
There is foul smell all around coming out from the rubbish and dirty drains. Many a
times the Sanitary Inspector has been approached to improve this condition but of
no avail.

I, therefore, request you to kindly pay personal attention to our request and take
necessary action to improve the condition.
Thanking you
Yours sincerely
ABC
15. What are the key points which we need to keep in mind while writing a letter
Ans. The key points which we need to keep in mind while writing a letter are:-

Know your reader

Use a tone appropriate for that individual and language or terminology they are
likely to understand.

Choose the right format

Letters can be emails or hard copies and typed or handwritten. Write an email if the
letter is informal or if you are writing a formal letter to a professional contact who
prefers to communicate through email. Make a hard copy if you need
documentation of your letter. Write an informal letter by hand to make it more
personal, but always type formal letters.

Format
• Left-align the text.
• Write your name, address and contact information at the top of the page,
typically aligned on the left or right side.
• Include the full date you wrote the letter. Write it on a new line, left-aligned.
 • Directly under the date, write the recipient’s title, name, company, address and
contact information.
• Start with a formal salutation, such as “Dear Mr. Henderson,” followed by a
colon. You can address them by their full name or their last name. Use “To whom
it may concern” if you do not know who will receive the letter.
• Write a brief introduction or opening sentence stating the letter’s purpose.
• Write the body of the letter, which provides supporting information and should
generally be two to three paragraphs. Each paragraph should make one clear
point, and the tone should be professional.
• Add a concluding statement summarizing the letter’s objective and providing
the recipient with a call to action.
• Finish with a complimentary close, such as “Sincerely, Ky Williams.”
• Skip two lines, and then sign your full name beneath the complimentary close.

Be concise
Clearly state your intent or objective, and make sure the information you include is
necessary, particularly if you are writing a formal letter. Ask yourself questions like
“why am I writing?” and “what do I want from this letter?” as you write to keep
your content focused.

Keep it short
Respect your recipient’s time by limiting your content to just the most important
details in just a few brief paragraphs.

Write to the reader

Use words such as “we,” “our” or “you” if you want to make a letter feel more
personal.

Proofread
Read over your letter to find any misspellings or grammatical errors. You can also
have a trusted friend or coworker read it over for proofreading and to identify areas
for improvement. Both of these steps can ensure your letter is as clear and easy-to-
read as possible as well as professional.
16. Describe MC Chagla as a man and as a judge.
Ans. MC Chaglawas a great man and a great judge. He played a great role in the
shaping and moulding of high court .his tenure as the chief justice was during the
most critical time in the country’shistory- 3 year before the constitution was enacted
and 8 years after it came into force.
We can describe him same as described by NA Palkhivala in his speech as
“A great judge,
A great citizen,
and, above all, a great human being”
 He was a great judge with principles . He had three abiding passions- devotion to
just between and and men and between men and the state, adherence to
nationalism, involving the integration of all communities, and love of basic human
freedoms. He did not indulge in activism of the exhibitionist type , nor in any kind of
politics. He only focused on the delivery of justice. His devotion to justice made him
truly a great judge. He believes in meeting out justice according to the law and tried
to see how far justice could be speltout of the provisions of the existing law. In other
words, it was with restraint and dignity that justice administered under the law
This man was as great as the judge. He was gentle modest affectionate. He was
endorsed with the gift of grace, with nobility and intellectual humility.He was
unerring his ability to spot talent. He never claimed to be infallible. He admitted
whenever he was wrong . To him the argument mattered and not the person who put
it across. Many juniors found their feet in his court. He was a well mannered man.
He did not have any conflict with anybody in his practice. He was at good terms
with his colleagues. He was a great human being with great personality.
17. What all qualities did MC Chagla appreciate in Jinnah
Ans. Key points for the answer
 Jinnah was a poor lawyer but a superb advocate
 Jinnah was at the height of his practice and reputation at that time
 He did not often take up long cases , but he was absolutely first – rate
in miscellaneous matters
 He would sit with a pile of summonses and motions and deal with
them with consummate ease and mastery.
 He had a very striking personality and the presentation of a case as he
handled it was a piece of art
 He was first rate cross examiner
 Mr Chagla was attracted to the force of his personality and more than
that his sterling nationalism and patriotism. If at that time anyone
had told me that Jinnah would one day be responsible for the
partation of our country, I would consider him mad
 Mr Chagla was impressed by the lucidity of his thoughts and
expression. There were no obscure spots or ambiguities about what
Jinnah had to tell the court. He was straight and forthright, and
always left a strong impression whether his case was intrinsically good
or bad.
 He gave his 100% to every case , whether that case is hopeless or not ,
he fought like a tiger and He made Mr Chagla believe that he changed
the opinion.
 He was a man who had less humanity in his character
 He was cold and unemotional and apart from law and politics he had
no other interests.
  Mr Chagla not only learned the art of advocacy but how to maintain
the highest traditions of the legal profession under Jinnah, in his
chamber .
 Jinnah was absolutely impeccable in his profession etiquette. It was
one of his beliefs that a senior should never recommend a junior to a
solicitor or ask him to give the junior a brief.
18. Describe MC Chagla’s series on history of India
Ans. MC Chagla was chairman of the reception committee in the 10 th session of
Indian history congress where he referred to what he thinks about the true pattern
discernible behind the vicissitudes of our history. Our history rightly visualised, has
been a history tending towards unity. Nowhere else in the world can one seesuch a
synthesis of different religions, cultures and ideas as in this country of ours . In the
varied and manifold diversities there is a golden thread running through it all, the
oneness of India. Alien invaders of diverse origin have come , and India has
absorbed them . New civilization have appeared, have been triumphant, but after a
time they have been assimilated into the Indian system. Our greatest thinkers and
statesmen have in their time dreamt of Indianunity, and if the movements of our
history have a rhythm , this is the rhythm which they indicate. Looking that he can
detect a prophetic note in his speech when he said that there was a great necessity in
our country , which has recently born its freedom , to guard against the corrupting
influence of power, and there is nothing which can act as a greater and better
safeguard than a study of history. Mr Chagla quoted the English historian, Sir John
Seeley as “politics are vulgar when they are not liberalised by history” . He also
quoted Lord Acton “ The science of politics is the one science that is deposited by
the stream of history like grains of gold on the side of a river” At last in the series of
Indian History he concluded by the exhortation of Lord Acton to the historians “ to
suffer no man and no cause to escape the undying penalty which history has the
power to inflict on wrong”
19. Give a character sketch of MC Chagla
Ans. Honourable Mr. Mahommedali CurrimChagla(MC Chagla) was the first
permanent Indian Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court on the attainment of
Independence. His Lordship was born on September 30, 1900, in a well-known
merchant family of Bombay. In 1922 he took the degree of B.A. achieving distinction
in the Honours School of Modern History and was called to the Bar by the Inner
Temple. In 1927 he was appointed Professor of Constitutional Law at the
Government Law College, Bombay. His Lordship soon began to make headway at
the Bar and was Honorary Secretary to the Bombay Bar Council. In 1941was
elevated to the Bench of the Bombay High Court as Puisne Judge after the
retirement of Mr. Justice B.J.Wadia. His Lordship was most assiduous in his
attention to the prefect discharge of his duties and maintained the prestige, dignity
and independence of his high Judicial Office. His Lordship scrupulously followed
four things that belong to a Judge : to hear courteously, to answer wisely, to consider
soberly, and to decide impartially. The lucidity with which he analysed the evidence
 of a very complicated nature, and the directness with which he came swiftly to his
conclusions both upon facts and law, bear ample testimony to the acute grasp of a
master mind. His Lordship’s judgments, were chiefly based on sound first
principles, and bear the impress of great perception. During the eleven years that he
administered justice from his exalted office, he won great esteem and respect by his
legal acumen, high character, and gracious and kindly manner. The vigour and
clarity of his mind, coupled with his wide knowledge and experience which he
brought to his high office, secured him the distinction of being are of the great
Judicial figures in the history of the Bombay High Court. His Lordship retired as
Chief Justice of Bombay High Court on 26th October,1958. After his retirement as
Chief Justice, he was appointed as Indian Ambassador to U.S.A, there was transfer
of Honourable Mr. M.C. Chagla from judicial to the political and diplomatic sphere.
20. Describe MC Chagla’s views on emergency as expressed in his autobiography
Or
MC Chagla in his autobiography ‘roses in December’ refers emergency as “darkest
hour” . Explain
Ans. Indira Gandhi who was the prime minister of that time declared the internal
Emergency on 26 Jun 1975. Acc. To him It was the most disrespectful and dishonest
decision in India’s history that was taken by any a political leader. It lasted till 20
months. As soon as he heard about promulgation of internal emergency, he issued a
statement in the special bulletin but it had disappeared from regular edition due to
censorship.

There were two main event that leads to emergency, one was result of Gujarat
election in which Janta party was found working majority and second one is that
she had been held guilty of corrupt practice. So due to his frighten before resigning
from her seat she enforced emergency. Leaders of the Opposition were arrested at
midnight and thousand others were marched off to prison. Press censorship was
enforced -again, the most drastic in India’s history – and Presidential orders were
issued suspending Articles 14, 21 and 22.
The country did not know what had happened, the names of detenus were not
published, their whereabouts were not known and the reasons for their detention
were not disclosed and access to courts for writ of habeas corpus was barred.
Darkness swept over the country and the long and terrible night of 20 months
commenced without a flicker of light or hope. Chagla knows that there was complete
peace in the country and no internal disturbance. He was not satisfied with this
decision along with his colleagues. In his opinion Mrs. Gandhi was the arch-
criminal. Who was responsible for the suffering, the misery, the injustice that was
caused to the people by reason of the powers she acquired under the Emergency
which was illegally and unconstitutionally imposed upon the country. This was the
darkest hour in the Indian history
It is no use merely talking of mistakes and excesses committed in the
implementation of the the Emergency. These would not have taken place if there
 had been no Emergency. The 20 months of terror and unbridled oppression during
the most shameful period in our history all stem from the Emergency. Till
Today Mrs. Gandhi has never admitted her crime in promulgating the Emergency
nor has she expressed her regret to the people for what they suffered. On the
contrary she has and the justifying the Emergency and the good it has done to the
people. If she was honest and contrile she would be going round the country in sack
cloth and ashes and with folded hands asking the forgiveness of the people.
21. Describe MC Chagla’s journey as an ad hoc judge in the international court of
justice
Or
Discuss the experiences of MC Chagla at the international court
Ans. In September 1957 , MC Chagla was appointed as an ad hoc judge of the
international court of justice. For the case which concerned portugal which claimed
to have the right of passage through the territory of India in order to ensure
communications between its territory of Daman and its enclave territories of Dadra
and nagar haveli.He describes the court. It is the judicial organ of the United
Nations. Mr Chagla found that international law is still in the process of evolution,
international court and United Nations commission on international law have itself
laid certain principles which are now generally accepted as forming a body of rules
and which should be observed by all Nations as governing international relations .
He found the election system of appointing a judge political in character. He
suggested one reform which he thought to be essential and which can be easily
brought about is at least to a point a judge for a fixed term without the right of
standing for re-election.
He described the place where international court of justice is housed. International
court is housed in the peace palace at the Hague. He found that palace has a true
international character . He personally do not think this system of appointing ad hoc
judges is a salutary one, or that helps to maintain the judicial impartiality of the
court. He described the procedure followed by the court in arriving on its decision
which was the slowest and most cumbersome procedure that the ingenuity of man
could possibly devise. The hearing of the case after the pleadings have been filed by
the parties commences with a public session in the great hall of justice. Where the
argument is in English and French an advocate can argue in any language if he
argues in French it is translated in English and via-s-versa there is no argument the
advocates only read out the statement prepared, and judges equally listen to it. It
was a time consuming process, if you have listen to the argument in English you
would have nothing to do on the bench when the French translation is in progress.
The procedure for preparing the judgement is even more slower and more ritualistic
it is known as the private session. Mr chaglagot bored with the slow system of justice
of the international court. He mention some of the colleagues on the bench with him.
Some of them were the president of the world courthackworth, the vice president
badawi, the Goerrero who represented el Salvador,the French representative was
basdevantand sir Mohammed Zafrullah Khan of Pakistan. Mr Chagla did not want
 to be the judge at the international court of justice when Nehru asked him whether
he would like to stand as a candidate or not . He replied that he is still young and did
not wish to be buried alive at the Hague.
Mr Chagla made two intimate friends who were Zorisic from Yugoslavia and
Armand Ugon from Uruguay. The three of them state in the same hotel and always
used to meet after dinner to drink a liquor and smoke a cigar. In the case the result
favoured India. Appearing at the bar before the international court was an
interesting experience for Mr Chagla. He got a chance again to be on the branch of
the international court of justice in the matterto support the action that the United
Nations assembly and security council had taken against South Africa.
Mr Chagla considered it and Honour and privilege to represent the Government of
his own country in a case which was very dear to his heart for which he had fought
as far as back as 1946 when he first went to the United nations. It was a very
interesting and nice experience of Mr Chagla as an ad hoc judge of the international
court of justice.

22. Describe MC Chagla’s tenure as the chief justice of Bombay High court
Or
Describe MC Chagla’s personality as the chief justice of Bombay
Ans. MC Chagla took post of chief justice on 15 august 1947 from Sir Leonard
stone. In starting of his new career as chief justice, he was very anxious about the
new responsibilities as a chief justice. But he tried to manage them with all
perseverance and dedication .He did not absented himself single day from the court
which was more satisfying than extra month salary to him .

Secondly, he came to know about various difficulties of bench i.e., most of the judges
were not having judicial experience or disconnected themselves from judiciary for a
long time which was wrong according to chagla as he believed that judges should be
appointed from practising advocates or from district judges who are actually doing
judicial work. Moreover, as a chief justice he delivered several judgements against
govt as he believed in citizen’s welfare.

In fact he abhorred the preventive detention act and released many detainees in case
of any loophole in working of govt. He also tried to smoothen relations between
appellant side and original side by stating that every advocate had right to practise
from either side in court .He also removed distinction between pleader and advocate
and changed appellation of subordinate judges to that of civil judge.
23. Describe MC Chagla’s experience at the bar
Ans. MC chagla had great experience at the bar. In starting , he was not much
confident and used to get less cases for first seven or eight months .His first case was
trunk murder case which created quite big sensation in Bombay at that time .He
learnt a lot of things from Bar such as presenting good arguments in lucid way
before judges . He also learnt important lesson from the bar that lawyer should
 always work for the betterment of his client. He can support or attack govt , and no
one can prevent him from doing so .Another important thing which he learnt at the
bar was that how to get deep understanding of any case which helped him later on
in his life.
24. What were the views of Chagla about the concept of Kismat and Karma
Ans. In November, 1947, the All-India Conference of Social Workers had its first-
session in Bombay, and chagla, as Chairman of the Recep welcomed it. One major
point in his speech was that both the great religions of India, the Hindu and Muslim
religions, have inculcated a philosophy which has had the unfortunate effect of
making man tolerate the worst social evils. The Hindu with his doctrine of Karma
often believed that what a man suffers in this life is preordained, and that he is born
In this world to expiate the sins that he committed in his past life. Equally, the
Muslim, with his theories about Kismet, believed that suffering, if destined, is
unavoidable and had to be gone through cheerfully.

This is the attitude of mind we had to fight against, There is nothing inevitable or
ordained about poverty, disease or illiteracy. It is a comfortable and convenient
philosophy which people, to whom the gods have been kind and who have been
brought up in the lap of luxury, hug to themselves in order not to be reminded that
millions of unfortunate men in this country are forced to live in the most abject
poverty and in conditions which are a disgrace to any civilised society.
 ENGLISH
1 Mark – Question And Answer
1) Who was Inverarity?
Ans. Inverarity was one of the most eminent of lawyers that ever practiced in the Bombay High
court. He was nothing much to look at he had no personality was not an impressive speaker and head
no histrionic arts at his command but he new all the tricks of the trade and not only was he a great
and astute lawyer but also a very great and forceful advocate. He had a colossal memory. He would
read a brief tie it up with a Red tape put it aside take up foolscap paper and start writing without
looking at the brief even once . he remember not only all the facts but also dates and names
2) How did MC Chagla feel on the first day when he entered the High court bar library and common
room?
Ans. He was very nervous, his heart palpitating and nerves were on the edge on the first day when he
enter the High court bar library and common room
3) What attracted MC Chagla to Jinnah?
Ans. What attracted him to Jinnah was the force of his personality and more than that is sterling
nationalism and patriotism. Mr Chagla was impressed with the lucidity of his thoughts and
expression. There were no obscure spots or ambiguities about what Jinnah had to tell the court.
Jinnah was straight and forthright, and always left a strong impression whether his case was
intrinsically good or bad.
4) To which post did Motilal Setalvad rise?
Ans. Motilal Setalvad rise as the first attorney general of India
5) A lawyer is bound to fight for his client, but what must the lawyer must not forget?
Ans. A lawyer is bound to fight forest client but but he must do so fairly without missleading the
court , and without concealing from it anything that it is his duty to divulge.
6) When and From whom did MC Chagla take charge of the office of chief justice of Bombay High
court?
Ans. On August 15, 1947 Mr Chagla took the charge of the office of chief justice of Bombay High
court from Sir Leonard Stone.
7) What is MC Chagla’s views regarding the closing of court when someone dies?
Ans. Mr Chagla never believe in closing court, government offices as a mark of respect for someone
who has died . to his mind the best way of honouring his memory is to work harder than they did
before, one may cancel parties and functions is they like but he do not understand why one should
cease working because someone has passed away. He never supported the idea of closing the court
when someone dies.
8) How should a judgement be written?
Ans. A judgement should be written in brief and it should be clear, precise and lucid in whatever
views expressed.
9) What was Pritt’s views about charging money from capitalist client?
Ans. Pritt’s views about charging money from capitalist client so that their capital should get less and
he can use the money to further the communist cause . So he likes to charge heavy fees to his
capitalist client.
10) What was the game that both Morarji Desai and MC Chagla liked to play?
Ans. Bridge was the game that both Morarji Desai and MC Chagla liked to play
11) In which year was roses in December published?
Ans. In year 1973 roses in December was published
12) Who helped MC Chagla in writing his autobiography roses in December?
Ans. His son Iqbal helped him in writing his autobiography roses in December.
13) Who said a life at a bar is never a bed of roses?
Ans. Lord Hewart said that life at a bar is never a bed of roses
14) Where is the international court of justice situated?
 Ans. The international court of justice is housed in the Peace Palace at the Hague which was built as
a result of a Peace conference convened by emperor Nicholas II of Russia in 1899.
15) MC Chagla was chief justice of the Bombay High court from………to……….?
Ans. MC Chagla was chief justice of the Bombay High court from 1948 to 19 58.
16) Give the meaning of the word synopsis?
Ans. Synopsis means summary of a piece of writing, a play etc or a condensed statement all outline
17) Give the meaning of the word post script?
Ans. Post script means An extra message or extra information that is added to the end of a letter
,note etc.
18) What prefix will you add to the word Holy to give its antonyms?
Ans. “Un” prefix will be added to the word Holy to give its antonym “unholy”.
19) Add a suffix to the word pressure to make its verb form?
Ans. “es” and “ed” suffix will be added to the word pressure to make its verb form as “pressures”
and “pressured”.
20) Add a prefix and suffix both to the word conscious?
Ans. “Un” as prefix and “ly” as suffix should be added to the word conscious to make the word
“unconsciously”
“Sub” as a prefix and “ness” as a suffix should be added to the word conscious to make the word
“subconsciousness”
21) Name the autobiography of MC Chagla and when it was published?
Ans. Roses in December is the autobiography of MC Chagla and it was published in 1973 (
September 30, 1973)
22) Describe the racial discrimination that prevailed at byculla club?
Ans. In the Byculla club which waste exclusively for Europeans. It was so exclusive that no Indian
lawyer could enter it through the front gate but had to go in from the rear – gate (Back door) if they
want to go inside. This was such a blatant racial discrimination, where Indians were not allowed to go
inside the club from the front gate.
23) Where did MC Chagla get a part time professorship?
Ans. Mr Chagla got a part time professor ship at the government law college where he used to go in
the evening and lecture for an hour at the Elphinstone College where the law College was then
housed.
24) In which year did MC Chagla join the bench?
Ans. In the year 1941 MC Chagla joined the bench.
25) Name the first attorney general of India?
Ans. MC Setalvad was the first attorney general of India
26) For how many years MC Chagla remained as the chief justice?
Ans. For 11 years MC Chagla remained as the chief justice
27) What title MC Chagla gave to MS subbulakshmi?
Ans. MC Chagla gave the title of “Mira Bai of South India” to MS Subbulakshmi
28) Name two languages spoken in the international court of justice?
Ans. French and English are the two languages spoken in the international court of justice.
29) When was emergency declared?
Ans. On 26th June 1975 emergency was declared
30) Why did justice Martin scold Strangman?
Ans. Justice Martin scold Strangman for his indiscipline. When Strangman appeared before Martin
to make an urgent application , this was towards the end of the day and some part heard case was
going on . Strangman stood behind the front row of chairs and asked the judge’s permission to
mention the matter . He had his hands in his pocket ,as was his usual custom , jingling the coins
which were there. Martin was a stern disciplinarian, scolded Strangman for his behaviour by simply
working out of the court when the time was up.
31) According to MC Chagla what is the duty of the lawyer?
 Ans. According to MC Chagla the duty of the lawyer is that the judges understood and appreciated
his side of the case and his arguments.
The duty of the lawyer is to sift the chaff from the grain , and put his finger on the real question that
will ultimately decide the case.
32) What was an extra month salary for MC chagla?
Ans. A conscience that remain untroubled was as gratifying as an extra month salary to MC Chagla
33) Give two differences between original side and the appellate side of the High court?
Ans. The difference between original sign and the appellate side of the high court were
 Both sides were not very cordial
 Those who were not barristers or who had not pass the advocate OS examination could not
appear on the original side
 There was a dual system on the original side which means that no one could argue a case
unless he was instructed by a solicitor
 Bands were worn only by the members of the original side.
34) Why did pritt charge heavy fees to his capitalist client?
Ans. Pritt charge heavy fees to his capitalist client because he wanted there capital to get less and the
money (capital) he got from his capitalist client can be used further for the communist cause .
35) When was MC Chagla appointed as an Ad hoc judge of the international court of justice?
Ans. In September 1957 MC Chagla was appointed as an Ad hoc judge of the international court of
justice
36) What name was given to Southwest Africa by United Nations?
Ans. Namibia was the name given to Southwest Africa by United Nations.
37) What do you mean by the term damnosa haereditas?
Ans. The term “Damnosa haereditas” means an inheritance from a person who dies insolvent and
whose debts the heir is bound to discharge.
An inheritance that is more of a burden than a benefit.
38) What advice Inverarity gave to Bhulabhai Desai?
Ans. Advise given by Inverarity to Bhulabhai Desai was to “learn to trust your own memory”
39) Who was Paul Robeson?
Ans. Paul Robeson was the American negro singer. He was a musician of international fame and
politically of distinctly leftist leanings.
40) Which articles were suspended during emergency?
Ans. Article 14 21 and 22 were suspended during emergency.
41) Give difference between art & culture and politics?
Ans. Politics was parochial and ephemeral where culture and art at their best had universality and
permanence.
42) What news justice Sikri gave to Chagla?
Ans. Justice Sikri gave the news about the appointment of Ray as chief justice and have superseded
Shelat , Hegde , and Grover to Mr. Chagla
43) Who was Zafrullah Khan?
Ans. Zafrullah Khan was representative of pakistan in international court of justice . He was in
extremely able and astute lawyer. He was not of friendly character, and not very popular with his
colleagues.
44) Who wrote roses in December?
Ans. MC Chagla wrote roses in December.
45) Why MC Chagla didn’t like the Byculla club?
Ans. Mr Chagla didn’t like the Byculla club because it practiced racial discrimination where Indian
lawyers were not allowed to enter the club from the front gate they have to go or use the rear gate or
back gate and only Europeans were allowed to enter from the front gate.
46) Who was Earl Warren?
Ans. Earl Warren was the chief justice of the united states.
47) What two meetings Chagla attended at Shivaji park after elections?
 Ans. Chagla attended two meetings at Shivaji park after election, the first meeting was to
congratulate and garland the successful candidates. The second meeting over which he presided was
to welcome the RSS leader Deoras.
48) Who received the title of Knighthood?
Ans. Kanga (Jamshedji Kanga) received the title of knighthood
49) What defects Chagla observed in district courts?
Ans. The defects observed by Mr Chagla in district court were the terrible surroundings in which the
junior civil judge is had to function. He found nothing that was conducive to the proper working of a
court. There was no library, sometimes not even elementary textbooks, an indifferent bar and a
ramshackle building.
50) What was the case between India and Portugal which was taken up in the international court of
justice?
Ans. The case between India and Portugal which was taken up in the international court of justice
was concerned with Portugal, which claims to have the right of passage through the territory of
India in order to ensure communications between its territory of daman and its enclave territories of
Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
51) What kind of lawyer Jinnah was?
Ans. Jinnah was a poor lawyer, but a superb advocate . He had a very striking personality and the
presentation of a case as he handled it was a piece of art . He was also a first rate cross examiner.
Jinnah was absolutely impeccable in his professional etiquette.
52) Who was the magistrate when the Meerut conspiracy trial was going on?
Ans. Mr. Milner White was the magistrate when the Meerut conspiracy trial was going on
53) What was Chagla’s opinion regarding secularism?
Ans. Mr Chagla’s opinion regarding secularism was not that a judge should be appointed from a
minority committee even though the man was unfit . Real secularism meant that one did not pass
over the claims of those who were really fit , merely because they belongs to particular community.
54) Who said that if Babha did not have to devote so much time to administration , confined himself
solely to science , he would have became one of the greatest scientist of the world?
Ans. Professor Blackett said these words
55) Which act was abhorred by chief justice Chagla?
Ans. Preventive detention act was abhorred by chief justice Chagla
56) What was Chagla’s only object while writing a judgement?
Ans. Chagla’s only object while writing judgement vastu be brief and to be clear precise and lucid in
whatever views he expressed.
57) Write MC Chagla’s views on freedom of press?
Ans. On the freedom of press , Mr Chagla said that the press must not only be free in the sense that
there should be no legal compulsions about what it should print and what it should not. It must also
be free in a more important sense. It must be free from advertising and commercial influence, and
influence of the financiers.
58) Which was the first important case in Chagla’s life?
Ans. The first important case in Chagla’s life was the trunk murder case.
59) Who said that the best advocacy was to help the judge to write his judgement?
Ans. Lord Macmillan said that the best advocacy was to help the judge to write his judgement.
60) Express Mr Chagla’s views on the appointment of the judges?
Ans. The views of Mr. Chagla on the appointment of the judges were very clear that the appointment
of judges, the initiative should come from the chief justice and not from the government he told the
government that he knew that under the constitution the only right that the chief justice of the high
court had was to be consulted with regard to the appointment of a judges but for the purpose of
establishing a strong independent minded judiciary it was necessary to ensure that there was no
scope for the exercise of pressure on influence in the choice of candidate for High court judgeship.
61) Which was the first confrontation between Chagla and Morarji Desai?
 Ans. The first confrontation with Morarji was with regard to the appointment of Lad, who was the
legal remembrance, where Mr Chagla submitted the name of a district judge who was junior to Lad ,
and Morarji reply by enquiring why Lad who was the senior district judge , had been passed over.
62) Which instructions were issued to district judges by Mr Chagla before his visit to their courts?
Mr Chagla issued two instructions tu the district judge . The first was that any entertainment should
not be on lavish scale or entail large expenditure. The second instruction was that he would be
grateful for any address that the bar might present to him but it should not be in a silver or any other
kind of expensive casket.
63) Name the successor of Mr Chagla as chief justice of Bombay High court?
Ans. Chainani , who was an ICS Judge, was the successor of Mr Chagla as chief justice of Bombay
High court.
64) Why was Mr Chagla appointed as ad hoc judge at international court of justice?
Ans. Mr Chagla was appointed as an Ad hoc judge at international court of justice to represent India
with the 15 permanent judges on the bench for the case hearings that was before the court because
India was not represented on the bench of the permanent judges .
65) Name the judges who were superseded to make Ray chief justice of India?
Ans. Shelat , Hegde and Grover were the judges who superseded to make Ray chief justice of India.
66) Who was the architect of the Janata party is victory?
Ans. Jayaprakash(JP) was the architect of the Janata party victory
67) What is the key to success according to chagla?
Ans. The key to success is the art of distinguishing the relevant from the irrelevant it is a key that can
open any door. And when the lawyer does get on, he must not forget the basic quality of fairness upon
which all dispensation of justice must ultimately depend. He must not forget that he is not only
fighting the battles of his client but is also assisting In the administration of justice.
 ENGLISH
By- Avdhesh Kalwaniya
4 Mark – Question and Answer
1. Describe the attempt on the life of MC Chagla?
Ans. On Saturday morning when the court was not sitting he was working in his
office at chief justice house . At about 11 o'clock my chopdar came in and told Mr.
Chagla that someone from Dhulia wanted to see him. He asked chopdar whether he
had an appointment with him . The chopdar said he did not , but the man said that
the matter was urgent. Mr Chagla did not want to see that man from Dhulia because
he did not have the appointment with Mr Chagla. But the chopdar again came back
with the message that the man had all the way came from Dhulia, the matter was
very urgent and he should not deny him for the meeting. Till the time Mr. Chagla
got into the words of that person , his daughter who had gone out just returned and
said not to meet that man. Something in our voice made Mr Chagla uneasy and he
was not prepared to see him till then he made a sudden dash for his office. The
chopdar tried to prevent Mr Chagla but that man quickly whipped out a huge knife
and stabbed the chopdar. In the meantime Mr chagla’s Son and son in law try to
protect him, the 2 police man with rifles outside the gate of chief justice house ran
inside and shot that person from Dhulia. He was killed in that hustle by the police
man while protecting Mr Chagla. The knife was found to have poison on it and this
was an attempt on Mr. Chagla’s life. Mr Chagla did not have any idea about that
person, he did not meet him before or have heard about him in anyway
2. Write in 4 or 5 lines why you have joined the course?
Ans. (In your own words )
3. Fill in the blanks using the words given below-
Private , exception , public , interest
a) I made one………..to this rule.
Ans. Exception
b) I have a right to live my own…….. life.
Ans. Private
c) I should take a live……..in the contemporary scene.
Ans. Interest
d) The……….. of bombay was also very kind to me.
Ans. Public
4. Explain the following idioms and frame them in sentence-
 Meaning in blue
 Example in orange
a) Beat around the bush
Ans. Talk irrelevant
Don't beat around the bush , come to the point
b) Let the cat out of the bag
 Ans. To Disclose a secret
He wanted to keep his failure a secret but his friends let the cat out of the
bag.
c) Through thick and thin
Ans. In good and bad time
He stood by me through thick and thin
d) Add insult to injury
Ans. Make a bad situation even worse
People were forced to work longer hours, and to add insult to injury, the
company decided not to give pay raises.
e) A feather in one’s cap
Ans. An Honour or compliment
The Ph.D. degree is a feather in his cap.
f) In black and white
Ans. In writing
Put down your demands in black and white.
g) Milk and honey
Ans. A situation in which you are very contented and have plenty of money.
The days of milk and honey are back – at least for US equity salesmen in the
City.
h) Pros and cons
Ans. The favourable and the unfavourable factors or reasons; advantages
and disadvantages.
They sat for hours debating the pros and cons of setting up their own firm.
i) Cock and bull story
Ans. A baseless story
He has invented a cock and bull story about his failure.
j) To know the ropes
Ans. To be familiar with the details of an operation
You won’t have to train the new computer operator; she already knows the
ropes.
k) With one voice
Ans. Unanimously , in complete agreement
The board rejected the proposal with one voice.
l) Take to heart
Ans. To be deeply affected or hurt by something
He took their criticism (very much) to heart.
m) Bone of contention
Ans. A subject, cause, or focal point of a dispute:
The terms of the old man’s will were a bone of contention to his survivors.
n) Half baked
Ans. Poorly developed or carried out/ lacking adequate planning or
forethought
 A half-baked scheme for getting rich
o) To bark at the moon
Ans. To make an appeal that is unlikely to change the situation
When we tell Ivan to focus more on his studies, it is like barking at the moon
because he only cares about playing basketball.
p) Against the tide
Ans. To think or behave in a way that agrees/disagrees with how most other
people think or behave.
Politically, she tends to go against the tide on her college campus
q) Slip of tongue
Ans. Something that is said by mistake
I called her new boyfriend by her previous boyfriend’s name – it was just a
slip of the tongue.
r) Man of the words
Ans. A man who keeps promises, who can be trusted,
You can count on Rudy—he’s a man of his word
s) Gallows bird
Ans. A person who deserves to be hanged.
This gallows-bird was the one great writer of his age and country, and
initiated modern literature for France.
t) At daggers drawn
Ans. In open enmity
India and Pakistan are at daggers drawn these days
u) An act of God
Ans. An act of God is an event that is beyond human control, especially one
in which something is damaged or someone is hurt.
The President described the disaster as an act of God
v) Have a brush with the law
Ans. To have a brief experience or encounter with the law.
w) In black and white
Ans. Written or printed
I won’t believe it until I see it in black and white.
x) Null and void
Ans. Having no force, binding power, or validity
Public disclosure of the terms of the out-of-court settlement renders it null
and void
y) At one’s fingertips
Ans. Ready at hand, immediately available.
He was a teacher to his fingertips in everything that he did.
z) Blow one’s trumpet
Ans. To talk about oneself or one’s achievements especially in a way that
shows that one is proud or too proud.
He had a very successful year and has every right to blow his own trumpet.
aa) As fit as fiddle
Ans. To be very healthy and strong:
My grandmother’s 89, but she’s as fit as a fiddle.
bb) Take up the cudgels
Ans. To argue strongly in support of, or against, someone or something.
Relatives have taken up the cudgels for two British women accused of
murder.
cc) Under the cloud
Ans. Under suspicion, in trouble, or out of favour.
Ever since his brother was accused of fraud, he’s been under a cloud.
dd) Cry over split milk
Ans. To repent over a loss or error for which there is no remedy
There is no use crying over split milk
ee) An apple of discord
Ans. Cause of quarrel
Kashmir is the apple of discord between India and Pakistan
ff) Bell the cat
Ans. To be brave enough to do something that will be good for a group that
you are part of, but is dangerous or difficult
Can some brave soul please bell the cat and fix the air conditioner before we
all melt?
gg) Down and out
Ans. Having no luck, no money, and no opportunities
No one would help him when he was down-and-out.
hh) Break the ice
Ans. Start conversation after a long silence
No one dared to talk, at last I broke the ice
ii) Hard nosed attitude
Ans. Hard-headed or tough/unsentimentally practical.
A hard-nosed labour leader.
jj) White elephant
Ans. A possession entailing great expense out of proportion to its usefulness
or value to the owner:
When he bought the mansion he didn’t know it was going to be such a white
elephant.
kk) To grease the palm
Ans. Bribe discreetly to gain favours.
I greased the hostes's palm to get a table without reservation.
ll) Jack of all trades
Ans. Someone who can do many different jobs
Sarah is the jack of all trades in the office whereas I just work on accounting
tasks.
mm) Feather your own nest
 Ans. To make money unfairly
The BJP ministers are suspected of feathering their own nest
5. Correct the following verbs-
a) Sita sing a song
Sita sings a song
b) The box of chocolates are heavy
The box of chocolates is heavy
c) I will living here since five years
I have been living here since five years.
d) The train left when I had reached the station
The train had left when I reached the station.
6. Give one word substitution for the following-
a) Remedy for all ills
Panacea
b) A life history of a person written by himself
Autobiography
c) Killing of human beings
Homicide
d) A Government where representation are elected by the people
Democracy
e) Of unknown name or authorship
Anonymous
f) Period of ten years
Decade
g) Something against law
Illegal
h) Desire to harm others
Malicious
i) To make worse
Worsen / Intensify / Exacerbate
j) Absence of government
Anarchy
k) One who is sued by the plaintiff
Defendant
l) That cannot be corrected or improved
Incorrigible
m) Exclusive right to publish something
Copyright
n) A place where one lives permanently
Domicile
o) A Person deprived of protection of law
Outlaw
p) A person who loves or collects books
Bibliophile
q) Art of conducting negotiation between nations
Diplomacy
r) A Medicine supposed to cure all diseases
Panacea
s) A Long description of a eventful experience
Veteran
t) One who does not believe in the existence of god
Atheist
u) One who is unable to pay his debts
Insolvent/ Bankrupt
v) A form of government in which power is held by the nobility
Aristocracy
w) Act of intentionally causing one’s own death
Suicide
x) One who is recovering health after illness
Convalescent
y) One who acts against religion
Heretic
z) A story that express ideas through symbols
Allegory
aa) A statement accepted as true without proof
Axiom
bb) A belief that God pervades nature
Pantheism
cc) One who is out to destroy all governments ,peace and order
Anarchist
dd) A lover of mankind
Philanthropist
ee) One who is hard to please
Fastidious
ff) A speech made without preparation
Extempore
gg) A matter written by hand
Manuscript
hh) One who hates war and loves peace
Pacifist
ii) Capable of using both the hands equally well
Ambidextrous
jj) Person with the legal right to receive properties etc. when the owner dies
Heir
kk) The crime of literary theft
 Plagiarism
ll) Living forever
Immortal
7. Give the meaning of the following foreign words and frame them in sentences-
Meaning in blue
Sentence in orange
a) Judicature
The administration of justice, as by judges or courts. / The office,
function, or authority of a judge.
Oaths taken in courts of judicature, civil or religious, and the marriage
oath, bind the parties in like manner.
b) Addendum
Something that has been added to a book, speech, or document . / An item
of extra information that is added to a book, speech or document.
Finally, its guided tour is an excellent explanatory addendum.
c) Ad Initium
At the beginning
d) En route
On the way to or from somewhere.
I stopped en route (to the party) and got some wine.
e) Joie de vivre
Keen or buoyant enjoyment of life/ a feeling of great happiness and
enjoyment of life.
Children in playground stand on their heads out of joie de vivre.
f) Sans
Without
It’s great to have a grown-up meal in a restaurant, sans kids!
g) Post script
Any written or spoken addition to something already finished / a short
remark or message added to the bottom of a letter after you have signed
your name.
There was the usual romantic postscript at the end of his letter – PS I love
you.
h) A deux
Involving two people especially in private
She cooked a celebration dinner à deux.
i) Petite
Having a small trim figure. Usually used for woman.
She was dark and petite, as was her wife.
j) En masse
All together and at the same time, in large numbers.
The shop’s 85 workers have resigned en masse.
k) Monsieur
 A Frenchman of high rank or station —used as a title equivalent to
Mister and prefixed to the name of a Frenchman
I will bring him to you directly, Monsieur Dessalles
l) Axiom
A statement or principle that is generally accepted to be true, but need
not be so:
It Is a widely held axiom that governments should not negotiate with
terrorists.
m) Jussoli
Law the principle that a person’s nationality at birth is determined by the
territory within which he was born
Portugal and most of the South American states follow the jus soli.
n) Haute Couture
The business of making) expensive clothes of original design and high
quality
She has since tested many different looks, leaning into eccentric haute
couture and pin-up throwbacks.
o) Ad fin
To, toward, or at the end.
For geological details, see United States, section Geology, ad fin.
p) Ad extremum
To the extreme; at last; finally.
The old horse should be left to graze out his last days, Ne peccet ad
extremum ridendus.
q) Virtuoso
A person who is extremely skilled at something, especially at playing an
instrument or performing
Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole Porter was also a virtuoso
on the piano.
r) Vis-à-vis
Compared with / in relation to or toward
I need to speak to James Lewis vis-à-vis the arrangements for Thursday.
s) Synopsis
A Summary giving a general view of the whole
I don’t need to know every little plot twist; just give me a synopsis of the
movie.
t) Milieu
The people, physical, and social conditions and events that provide the
environment in which someone acts or lives.
It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived
and worked.
u) Summum bonum
The highest or chief good.
 This new emotional centre offered the human summum bonum: release
from oneself.
v) Suo jure
In one’s own right/ Mainly law in one’s own right
It’s difficult to find suo jure in a sentence.
w) Bonjour
Good day; good morning; hello
It was only when she could hear people saying ‘bonjour’ that she knew
where we were.
8. Fill in the correct form of the verb-
a) I……… (are/am going) to a party.
Am going
b) They………..(was/were) in trouble.
Were
c) She…………(fought/fight) bravely.
Fought
d) Everybody………..(finished/finishing) the work in time.
Finished
9. Make two words from each of the following prefixes –
a) Anti
 Antivirus
 Anti clockwise
 Antibiotic
b) Post
 Postpone
 Postgraduate
 Posterity
c) Im
 Immoral
 Impatient
 Immature
d) Extra
 Extraordinary
 Extra judicial
 Extramarital
e) Up
 Upland
 Upgrade
 Uphill
f) Re
 Remember
 Research
  Rebuild
g) In
 Involve
 Incomplete
 Insane
h) Dis
 Disconnect
 Disgrace
 Disobey
i) Non
 Nonsense
 Non fiction
 Non-living
j) Un
 Unwanted
 Unfair
 Unlawful
k) Mis
 Mistook
 Misbehave
 Mischief
l) Co
 Coordinate
 Correlate
 Coalition
m) Self
 Self-care
 Self-confidence
 Self-control
10. Make two words from each of the following suffixes –
a) Hood
 Childhood
 Neighbourhood
 Brotherhood
b) Ship
 Scholarship
 Partnership
 Relationship
c) Less
 Careless
 Fearless
  Speechless
d) Ness
 Illness
 Kindness
 Freshness
e) Ment
 Refreshment
 Punishment
 Engagement
f) Ful
 Painful
 Cheerful
 Mouthful
g) Age
 Package
 Drainage
 Storage
h) Dom
 Kingdom
 Freedom
 Boredom
i) Ity
 Atrocity
 Stability
 Density