MODULE I.

INTRODUCTION TO PLANE AND SOLID

GEOMETRY
LESSON 3: Calculations Involving the Properties of Plane Figures

WONDERS OF MATH!

Look at the picture below. What do you observe? Yes, one of the figures shows a picture
of one of your professors. But wait, besides the familiar face, I want you to notice the different
figures. You might say a circle, a rectangle, and even a square. What if I ask you how much space
the clock covers in the picture? Or the space covered by the painting? What will be your answer?

Just like identifying acquainted faces, geometry helps us recognize and calculate the
essential properties of plane figures which are crucial in designing the world around us.

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 INTRODUCTION!

Have you appreciated the wonders of mathematics so far? Just like in the phone above,
plane figures, such as triangles, rectangles, circles, and polygons, are foundational elements of
geometry. Their two-dimensional nature allows for various practical calculations that reveal
important properties like perimeter, area, and other measurements. These properties are
essential in understanding how plane figures are used in real-world applications.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES!

1. Identify the appropriate formulas for calculating the perimeter, area, and other
properties of various plane figures
2. Solve problems involving the measurement of plane figures using their
properties
3. Apply the concepts of perimeter and area to real-world scenarios

LET’S WORK THROUGH THIS!

Direction:

1. A rectangle has a length of 12 cm and a width of 8 cm. What is its perimeter?

_____________

2. What is the formula for calculating the area of a triangle?

_____________

3. What is the area of a circle if the radius is 7 cm?

____________

4. Professor Noly needs to cover a triangular wall with a base of 8 m and a height of 7 m.
What is the area of the wall the painter needs to paint?

____________

5. Professor Grace wants to fence a rectangular garden with a length of 10 m and a width
of 4 m. How much fencing material is needed?

____________

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 Answers:

1. 40 cm
2. Area = ½ base x height
3. 153.94 cm2
4. 28 m 2
5. 28 m

LET’S EXPLORE THIS!

Identifying Appropriate Formulas for Plane Figures

As BMSEE students you have to have deeper understanding about the appropriate
formulas for calculating the perimeter, area, and other properties of plane figures. Plane figures,
being two-dimensional shapes, have distinct formulas based on their unique properties, such as
the number of sides and angles.

1. Perimeter Formulas

The perimeter of a plane figure is the total distance around its boundary. Common
formulas include:

Rectangle: P=2×(l+w), where l is the length and w is the width.

Square: P=4×s, where s is the side length.

Triangle: P=a+b+c where a,b and c are the lengths of its sides.

Parallelogram: P= 2 x (a + b), where a and b are lengths of adjacent sides

Rhombus: P= 4 x s, where s is the side length

Trapezoid: P= a + b + c + d, where a, b, c, and d are the lengths of four sides

Circle: C=2πr, where r is the radius.

2. Area Formulas

The area represents the amount of space enclosed within the boundaries of a plane
figure. Each shape has a specific formula:

Rectangle: A=l×w, where length is the longer side of the rectangle, and width is the shorter side.

Square: A= s2, where where side refers to the length of one of its sides.

Triangle: A=1/2 × base× height, where base is the length of the bottom edge, and height is the
perpendicular distance from the base to the opposite vertex.

Circle: A=πr 2 , where radius is the distance from the center to any point on the circumference of
the circle.

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Parallelogram: A= base x height, where base is the length of one of its sides, and height is the
perpendicular distance between the base and the opposite side.

Trapezoid: A= ½ x (base 1+¿ base x height, where base₁ and base₂ are the lengths of the two
2¿

parallel sides, and height is the perpendicular distance between them.

Why These Formulas Matter

These formulas help in designing and calculating dimensions for construction projects,
determining material usage, and solving optimization problems in fields such as architecture,
engineering, and art. For instance, understanding the formula for a circle's area can help
determine the material needed to create a circular tablecloth. Identifying the perimeter formula
ensures you have enough fencing for a rectangular garden.

Practical Application

The ability to identify and use these formulas not only simplifies computations but
also builds logical reasoning and problem-solving skills essential for academic and professional
success.

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 LET’S PUT THIS INTO PRACTICE!

Group Activity: Real-World Application of Perimeter and Area

Objective:

 Identify the appropriate formulas for calculating the perimeter, area, and other properties
of various plane figures.

 Solve problems involving the measurement of plane figures.

 Apply the concepts of perimeter and area to real-world scenarios.

Materials Needed:

 Paper, Ruler, Calculator (optional), Pen/Pencil

Instructions:

1. Divide the BMSEE class into groups

2. Assign each group a real-world scenario where they must calculate the perimeter and area
of a plane figure. Examples of scenarios could include:

Group 1: You are designing a small park. The park will have a rectangular walking path.
Find the perimeter and area of the path if it measures 20 meters in length and 10 meters
in width.

Group 2: A rectangular garden needs to be planted with flowers. The length of the
garden is 15 meters, and the width is 5 meters. Calculate the area and perimeter to
determine how much fencing and soil will be needed.

Group 3: You are painting a circular table. The table has a radius of 3 feet. Calculate the
area of the table to determine how much paint is needed to cover the surface.

Group 4: A piece of land has the shape of a triangle. The base measures 12 meters, and
the height is 8 meters. Find the area of the land.

3. Group Discussion:

o Each group will discuss the formulas they need to use to calculate the perimeter
and area of the assigned figure.

o They should identify and use the appropriate formula based on the figure's shape
(rectangle, circle, triangle, etc.).

4. Solution Presentation:

o After the groups have solved their problem, each group will present their findings
to the class, explaining the steps they followed and the formulas they used.

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 o They should also explain how the calculated values are applicable to their real-
world scenario (e.g., how the perimeter helps with fencing or how the area
determines material quantity).

5. Class Reflection:

o After all groups have presented, ask students to reflect on the importance of
perimeter and area in real-life situations.

o Discuss how these calculations can be useful in various professions (e.g., architects,
landscapers, engineers, etc.).

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Criteria Points Description

Correctness of Formulas 5 5 points for correctly identifying and using the
appropriate formulas for perimeter and area.
Accuracy of Calculations 7 7 points for accurate calculations and showing the correct
steps for both perimeter and area.
Real-World Application 5 5 points for clearly explaining how the calculations apply
to the real-world scenario.
Presentation and 4 4 points for clear, organized, and confident presentation
Collaboration with active participation from all group members.
Creativity and Problem 4 4 points for demonstrating creativity in solving the
Solving problem or offering additional insights.

TOTAL POINTS: 25

LET’S ASSESS YOUR

COMPREHENSION!

Directions: Answer the following questions. Show your solution if necessary.

1. What is the formula for finding the area of a rectangle?

_____________________

2. What is the area of a square with a side length of 12 cm?

_____________________

3. What is the area of a circle if the radius is equal to 10 cm?

_____________________

4. A rectangle has length of 10 meters and width of 4 meters, what is the perimeter?

_____________________

5. What is the area of a parallelogram with a base of 6 meters and a height of 9 meters?

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 _____________________

6. The dimensions of a rectangular garden are 12 meters by 8 meters. How much fencing is
needed to enclose the garden?

______________________

7. A triangle has a base of 10 meters and a height of 7 meters. Find its area.

______________________

8. A round table has a diameter of 1.4 meters. Prof. Jed wants to buy a circular table cloth to
cover the table. What is the area of the tablecloth he needs to purchase?

_______________________

9. Prof. Shiela is installing new flooring in a rectangular room. The room measures 7 meters in
length and 4 meters in width. How many square meters of flooring does Prof. Shiela need to
purchase?

______________________

10. Prof. Carmela wants to plant crops in a trapezoidal field. The lengths of the parallel sides are
12 meters and 22 meters, and the height of the field is 10 meters. What is the area of the field?

______________________

REFERENCES!

‌ edantu. (n.d.). Area of a Plane Figure. VEDANTU.

V
https://www.vedantu.com/maths/perimeter-and-area-of-plane-figures

Alloprof aide aux devoirs | Alloprof. (n.d.).

https://www.alloprof.qc.ca/en/students/vl/mathematics/perimeter-and-area-of-plane-
figures-m1478

Admin. (2024, June 24). Area and Perimeter (Definition, Formulas and Examples). BYJUS.
https://byjus.com/maths/area-and-perimeter/

Area of Circle, Triangle, Square, Rectangle, Parallelogram, Trapezium, Ellipse and Sector.
(n.d.). https://www.mathsisfun.com/area.html

Khan Academy. (n.d.).

https://www.khanacademy.org/math/cc-sixth-grade-math/x0267d782:cc-6th-plane-
figures/cc-6th-area/a/plane-figures-faq

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Area of Plane Figures: Meaning, Examples & Types | StudySmarter. (n.d.). StudySmarter
UK. https://www.studysmarter.co.uk/explanations/math/geometry/area-of-plane-
figures/

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