//nlcd.

//------

//Newhaven Display NHD-0116GZ-FSW-FBW driver

// Partially based on the example initialization found in the product specification pdf located at:

//
http://www.newhavendisplay.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=2_78&products_id=244

//

// This is a 4-bit initialization

#include <avr/pgmspace.h>

#include "nlcd.h"

#include "delay.h"

//Internal functions

void nlcd_command (unsigned char);

void nlcd_inc_pos (void);

void nlcd_dec_pos (void);

void nlcd_nibble (void);

void nlcd_place_data (unsigned char);

void nlcd_put_data (unsigned char);

void nlcd_set_command (void);

void nlcd_set_data (void);

void nlcd_bstring (void);

void nlcd_clear (void);

static int next_pos; //Address counter of the next display position to be written to

static int db_next_pos; //Counter of the next buffer position (modulo 16) to be written to.

static unsigned char scrolling_enabled; //Flag for determining when scrolling has been enabled

static unsigned char disp_buffer[DISP_BUFFER_SIZE]; //Buffer to hold displayed characters

//Functions

//---------

//LCD initialization - see page 12 of LCD driver datasheet

// By default, scrolling is not enabled due to noticeable flicker.

int nlcd_init (void)

DDRX |= (1 << PORTX_E ); //Set pin driver directions for signal E

DDRX |= (1 << PORTX_RS); //Set pin driver directions for signal RS

DATA_DDRX |= (0x0f << DATA_PORTX0); //Set pin driver directions for data

delay_ms(15); //Wait >15ms after power is applied

//Send wake up command 3 times to ensure it is received

nlcd_command(WAKE_UP);
 delay_ms(5);

nlcd_command(WAKE_UP);

delay_us(100);

nlcd_command(WAKE_UP);

//Initialize screen -- see .h file for description of commands

nlcd_command(FUNCTION_SET);

nlcd_command(INIT_CURSOR);

nlcd_command(INIT_DISPLAY);

nlcd_command(ENTRY_MODE);

scrolling_enabled = 0;

//Initialization complete: print title and clear

nlcd_string(PSTR("Comaidsystem 1.0"));

delay_ms(1500);

nlcd_wipe(); //Must call this at end to clear screen and initialize position trackers

return 0;

//Send a character for the LCD to print

void nlcd_char (unsigned char c)

if (c == BACKSPACE)

nlcd_backspace();
 else {

disp_buffer[(db_next_pos++) % DISP_BUFFER_SIZE] = c;

if (next_pos == (LAST_POS + 1)) {

if (scrolling_enabled)

nlcd_bstring();

else //Scrolling has not been enabled...

; //Already at last displayable position: do nothing

else {

nlcd_set_data();

nlcd_put_data(c);

nlcd_inc_pos();

//Send a constant string for the LCD to print, erasing the current display.

void nlcd_string (const char *str)

nlcd_wipe();
 while(pgm_read_byte(str) != EOL)

nlcd_char(pgm_read_byte(str++));

//Send a non-constant (variable) string for the LCD to print, erasing the current display.

void nlcd_vstring(unsigned char* vstr)

nlcd_wipe();

unsigned char* strptr = vstr;

while(*strptr != EOL)

nlcd_char(*strptr++);

//Reset position trackers, wiping the buffer, and clears the screen

void nlcd_wipe (void)

next_pos = FIRST_POS;

db_next_pos = FIRST_POS;

nlcd_clear();

}
//Flash text on screen for 'sec' seconds at FPS

void nlcd_flash (int sec)

int i = 0;

for ( ; i < (sec * FPS); i++) {

nlcd_command(DISP_OFF);

delay_ms(FPS_DELAY);

nlcd_command(DISP_ON);

delay_ms(FPS_DELAY);

nlcd_command(INIT_DISPLAY); //Put display back to normal

//LCD will scroll when receiving characters past screen edge

void nlcd_enable_scrolling (void)

scrolling_enabled = 1;

if ((next_pos >= LAST_POS))

nlcd_bstring(); // Needed in case we enable scrolling after text hits end of screen

void nlcd_disable_scrolling (void)

{
 scrolling_enabled = 0;

//Internal functions

//------------------

//Send a command to the LCD

void nlcd_command (unsigned char c)

nlcd_set_command();

nlcd_put_data(c);

//Setting: send data to LCD

void nlcd_set_data (void)

PORTX |= (1 << PORTX_RS); // RS high: send data

//Setting: send commands to LCD

void nlcd_set_command (void)

PORTX &= ~(1 << PORTX_RS); // RS low: send command

}
//Send 8 bits of information (command or character)

void nlcd_put_data (unsigned char c)

nlcd_place_data((c >> 4) & 0x0f); //Place upper data on output Port

nlcd_nibble(); //Clock upper 4 bits

nlcd_place_data(c & 0x0f); //Place lower data on output Port

nlcd_nibble(); //Clock lower 4 bits

delay_us(100); //Allow time for data to be handled by LCD

//Place data on output pins

void nlcd_place_data (unsigned char c)

DATA_PORTX &= ~(0x0f << DATA_PORTX0);

DATA_PORTX |= ((c & 0x0f) << DATA_PORTX0);

//Inform LCD there is data on the line

void nlcd_nibble (void)

PORTX |= (1 << PORTX_E); //Rising edge

delay_us(1); //Enable pulse width >=300ns

delay_us(1); //Enable pulse width >=300ns

//Increment the position of the next address

void nlcd_inc_pos (void)

next_pos++;

if (next_pos == HALF_POS)

nlcd_command(DDRAM_HALF_ADDRESS); //Move across DDRAM split

//Decrement the position of the next address

void nlcd_dec_pos (void)

next_pos--;

if (next_pos == (HALF_POS - 1))

nlcd_command(DDRAM_PRIOR_HALF_ADDRESS); //Move back to before DDRAM split

//Print the string currently residing in the buffer: used for pseudo-scrolling

void nlcd_bstring (void)

{
 int i = FIRST_POS;

nlcd_clear(); //Clear the display but do not reset position trackers

nlcd_set_data(); //Print first half of buffer

while (i < HALF_POS)

nlcd_put_data(disp_buffer[((i++) + db_next_pos) % DISP_BUFFER_SIZE]);

nlcd_command(DDRAM_HALF_ADDRESS); //Jump across DDRAM gap

nlcd_set_data(); //Print last half of buffer

while (i < (LAST_POS + 1))

nlcd_put_data(disp_buffer[((i++) + db_next_pos) % DISP_BUFFER_SIZE]);

//Clear the display and return to home position (leftmost)

void nlcd_clear (void)

nlcd_command(CLR_DISPLAY);

delay_ms(4);

nlcd_command(RETURN_HOME);

delay_ms(4);

//Backspace requires special handling because of split DDRAM

if (next_pos == FIRST_POS)

; //Already at first displayable position: do nothing

else {

disp_buffer[(--db_next_pos) % DISP_BUFFER_SIZE] = BLANK;

if (next_pos == HALF_POS) //Currently right after DDRAM split: need to jump back over it

nlcd_command(DDRAM_PRIOR_HALF_ADDRESS);

else

nlcd_command(MV_CURSOR_LEFT); //Simply move cursor left to write a blank

nlcd_set_data();

nlcd_put_data(BLANK);

nlcd_command(MV_CURSOR_LEFT); //Writing a blank moved the cursor right

nlcd_dec_pos();