Unit VI: Geography of India, Environment,

Biodiversity and Disaster Management in India with

specic reference to Tamil Nadu (40 marks)
Geographical Location – Physical units – River system – Climate
– Soil – Natural vegetation – Agriculture crops – Livestock – Fisheries;
Irrigation – Multipurpose Projects; Minerals: iron ore, manganese,
copper, bauxite, gold, silver, mica, coal, petroleum and natural Gas;
Energy Resources: hydel, thermal, nuclear, wind, tidal and solar;
Industries: textile, jute, sugar, cement, iron and steel, automobile and
shipbuilding; Transport: road, railway, water and air; Environment -
Global and national environmental issues – pollution - air, water, soil,
thermal, radioactive, noise, electronic and solid wastes - Management
of municipal solid wastes and bio-medical wastes; Biodiversity and
Conservation: Denition, types - genetic, species and ecosystem
diversity - values - threats to biodiversity - habitat destruction,
invasive species and anthropogenic activities - climatic change and
wildre; Causes and consequences of species extinction; Biodiversity
conservation: in-situ and ex-situ; Biodiversity conservation strategies:
international environmental governance - Biodiversity Act (BDA),
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and World Wide
Fund for Nature (WWF); Biodiversity hotspots of India; Sustainable
development – Sustainable development goals and targets - Clean and
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 Green energy - Paris Agreement and COP28; Disaster Management:
Overview of disasters - denitions and types; Introduction to disaster
risk management framework; Natural calamities - Anthropogenic
disasters - global warming and climate change, industrial accidents;
Climate change governance - mitigations and adaptations; Role of
space technology in disaster management, National action plan for
climate change - Tamil Nadu State Disaster Management Authority
– Tamil Nadu Disaster Management Plan – Role of NGO and Civil
society organisation in disaster management and mitigation in Tamil
Nadu; Current Affairs.

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Unit: Geography
with Specic
Topics Details/Subtopics with Tamil Nadu Focus
Reference to
Tamil Nadu
1.1.1 Major geographical features of Tamil
1.1 Geographical Nadu
1. Geographical
Location and
Location 1.1.2 Western and Eastern Ghats
Physical Units
1.1.3 Plains and plateaus

2.1.1 Cauvery, Vaigai, Tamira-barani, Palar,

2. River System 2.1 Major Rivers
and other river systems

3.1.1 Monsoon patterns in Tamil Nadu

3.1 Climatic
3. Climate 3.1.2 Temperature variations
Conditions
3.1.3 Seasonal impacts

4.1.1 Red soil, black soil, alluvial soil, and

4. Soil 4.1 Types of Soil
laterite soil
5. Natural 5.1 Forests and 5.1.1 Tropical evergreen forests
Vegetation Vegetation 5.1.2 Mangroves in Tamil Nadu

6.1 Agriculture 6.1.1 Paddy, sugarcane, cotton, and millets

6. Agriculture and
Crops 6.2.1 Cattle, goats, and poultry farming in
Livestock
6.2 Livestock Tamil Nadu

7.1.1 Coastal shing and aqua-culture in

7. Fisheries 7.1 Fisheries
Tamil Nadu
8.1 Irrigation
8. Irrigation and
Methods 8.1.1 Canal and tank irrigation
Multipurpose
8.2 Multipurpose 8.2.1 Mettur Dam, Vaigai Dam
Projects
Projects

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 9.1.1 Iron ore, bauxite, lignite, manganese,
9. Minerals 9.1 Major Minerals copper, gold, silver, mica, coal, petroleum, Natural
Gas and limestone resources in Tamil Nadu

10. Energy 10.1.1 Hydel, thermal, nuclear, wind, tidal,

10.1 Energy Types
Resources and solar energy in Tamil Nadu

11.1.1 Textiles in Coimbatore, Jute, Iron, Steel

11.1 Major 11.1.2 Cement and sugar industries in Tamil Nadu
11. Industries
Industries 11.1.3 Automobile industry in Chennai
11.1.4. Shipbuilding
12.1 Modes of 12.1.1 Road, railway, water, and air transport
12. Transport
Transport network in Tamil Nadu
13.1.1 Pollution types (air, water, soil, etc.)
Thermal, Radioactive, Noise, Electronic Solid
Waste - Management of municipal solid
wastes and bio-medical wastes;
13.1.2. Biodiversity and Conservation:
Denition, types - genetic, species and
ecosystem diversity - values - threats to
biodiversity - habitat destruction, invasive
13. Environment 13.1 Environmental
species and anthropogenic activities -
and Issues
climatic change and wildre; Causes and
Biodiversity 13.2 Biodiversity consequences of species extinction
Conservation
13.2.1. In-situ and ex-situ conservation
13.2.2. Biodiversity conservation strategies:
international environmental governance -
Biodiversity Act (BDA),International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species
(CITES), and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
13.2.3. Biodiversity hotspots of India;

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 14.1 Clean and
14. Sustainable
Green Energy 14.1.1 Role of renewable energy
Development
14.2 International 14.2.1 Paris Agreement and COP28
Agreements
15.1 Types of 15.1.1 Natural calamities in Tamil Nadu
15. Disaster
Disasters (cyclones, droughts)
Management
15.2 Mitigation 15.2.1 Tamil Nadu State Disaster
Strategies Management Authority and plans
16. Role of Space
16.1.1 Use of GIS and remote sensing for
Technology in 16.1 Application of
disaster prediction and management in Tamil
Disaster Technology
Nadu
Management
17.1.1 Climate policies, disaster management
17.1 Recent
17. Current Affairs updates, and environmental initiatives in
Developments
Tamil Nadu

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