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Art & Culture 06 - Daily Class Notes (English)

The document discusses Post Mauryan architecture, focusing on the Amaravati sculpture style, which is characterized by naturalistic carvings influenced by Buddhism and patronized by the Satavahana rulers. It also covers cave architecture, including Viharas and Chaityas, and highlights the significance of the Gupta period as a 'Golden Age' for art and architecture, particularly in the construction of temples and the creation of fresco paintings in the Ajanta and Ellora caves. The Ajanta caves feature Buddhist themes, while the Ellora caves represent Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions.

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17 views4 pages

Art & Culture 06 - Daily Class Notes (English)

The document discusses Post Mauryan architecture, focusing on the Amaravati sculpture style, which is characterized by naturalistic carvings influenced by Buddhism and patronized by the Satavahana rulers. It also covers cave architecture, including Viharas and Chaityas, and highlights the significance of the Gupta period as a 'Golden Age' for art and architecture, particularly in the construction of temples and the creation of fresco paintings in the Ajanta and Ellora caves. The Ajanta caves feature Buddhist themes, while the Ellora caves represent Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions.

Uploaded by

rahulsingh22136210
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

SAKSHAM UPPSC 2024


DAILY
CLASS NOTES
Art and Culture

Lecture – 06
Post Mauryan Architecture
Part-2
2

Post Mauryan Architecture Part-2

Post Mauryan Architecture:

Amaravati Sculpture -

Features of Amaravati sculpture-

❖ Amaravati style developed indigenously without being influenced by outside cultures.

❖ This style developed in the areas around Amaravati, Nagarjunakonda, in the

Krishna Godavari valley in Andhra Pradesh.

❖ The material used for making the idols in Amaravati style is white marble.

❖ The Amaravati style was patronized by the Satavahana rulers.

❖ The main religious influence on the Amaravati art style was that of Buddhism.

❖ Sculptures in this style are carved in a naturalistic manner like Buddha taming an

elephant.

❖ In making sculptures in the Amaravati style, less emphasis has been placed on the

individual characteristics of the Buddha and more emphasis has been placed on

depicting the life of the Buddha and the Jataka tales.

❖ In this style Buddha is depicted in both human and animal forms.

❖ Both religious and secular images exist in this style.


3

Architecture:

Cave Architecture-

Caves made by cutting rocks-

❖ In the post-Mauryan period, caves were built by cutting rocks on two grounds-

Cave architecture on the basis of purpose – Vihara and Chaitya.

❖ Chaitya- Chaityas were developed as places of worship for Buddhist monks.

❖ Viharas – Viharas were residential cells for Buddhist and Jain monks. According to

Buddhist tradition, Buddhist monks reside in Viharas during the rainy season and

also confess their sins, for example, both Viharas and Chaityas were built in Ajanta

and Karle, while only Viharas were built in Nashik caves. Have gone

❖ Cave architecture on the basis of structure- Caves of second century BC were

excavated in which three architectural types of caves are visible-

❖ Chaitya halls with vaulted ceilings - Ajanta and Karle caves.

❖ Pillarless hall with vaulted ceiling – Pitalkhora caves.

❖ Flat-sided quadrangular hall with a circular chamber at the rear – Caudiwaite in

Mumbai
4

Gupta Architecture-
❖ The Gupta period is considered the "Golden Age" in terms of art, culture and
literature.

❖ The Gupta period was the best era in terms of cave architecture.

❖ The Gupta period was also the period of the construction of temple architecture, in
this period not only temples were built but also texts of Vastu Shastra related to
temple construction were composed.

Ajanta Caves-
❖ Ajanta caves are located near Aurangabad in Maharashtra.

❖ It has 29 caves, of which 25 were used as viharas or residential caves while 4 were
used as chaityas or prayer places.

❖ The paintings made in these caves were produced using the fresco painting
technique. The paintings in the Ajanta Caves are generally related to Buddhism,
depicting the life of the Buddha and the Jataka tales.

fresco painting

❖ The colors in the fresco painting technique were obtained using local vegetation and
minerals.

❖ In the fresco painting technique, the outlines of the images were made with red
paint and then the inner part was filled with color.

❖ A distinctive feature of the fresco painting technique is the absence of blue.

Ellora Caves-
❖ Ellora caves are located in Aurangabad ,Maharashtra.

❖ It is situated about 100 kms from Ajanta.

❖ The total number of caves in this is 34.

❖ Ellora caves belong to all the three religions Hindu, Buddhist and Jain.


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