PATROL AND AREA:

POLICE OPERATIONS LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMIN

 POLICE OPERATIONS
Police Operations - variety of activities involving police
patrol and investigation with the end goal of an effective
and efficient crime control.

▪PATROL
▪INVESTIGATION
▪TRAFFIC CONTROL
Keyword: P I T
 PATROL IS THE “BACKBONE” OFTHE
POLICE ORGANIZATION
✓…BECAUSE… IT SERVES AS THE ORGANIZATIONAL
FOUNDATION FROM WHICH OTHER SPECIALIZATION BRANCH
OUT LIKE TRAFFIC, INVESTIGATION, VICE CONTROL, ETC.

✓..IT IS ALSO THE ONLY DIVISION WITHIN A DEPARTMENT

WHICH CANNOT BE ELIMINATED.

✓..PATROL ACTIVITIES IS ABOUT 50% OF ALL POLICE FUNCTIONS.

 POLICE PATROL
It is he regular and repeated circuit of guarding a beat, normally
performed by the police in a given area either on foot, mobile of
other methods of patrol for the purpose of enforcing the law and
crime prevention and suppression.

NOTE: Patterns of Patrolling

CLOCKWISE - COUNTER-CLOCKWISE
ZIGZAG – STRAIGHTWAY - CLOVERLEAF
 REACTIVE PATROL
THE OLD SYSTEM OF POLICE PATROL ACTIVITY WHICH CONSIST OF
CONTINUOUSLY DRIVING AROUND THE AREA OF PATROL
WAITING FOR SOMETHING TO HAPPEN AND TO REACT
ACCORDINGLY IN CASE SOMETHING DOES HAPPEN.

NOTE:
LOW VISIBILITY THEORY
 PROACTIVE PATROL
IT IS THE MORE ECONOMICAL ALTERNATIVE PATROL SYSTEM,
WHICH HAS AN OBJECTIVE APPROACH AGAINST CRIMINALITY AS
MUCH AS PRACTICABLE. IT ADDRESSES CRIME AT ITS VERY ROOT
BEFORE IT IS ABLE TO DEVELOP INTO A FELONIOUS ACT.

NOTE: HIGH VISIBILITY THEORY

THEORY OF OMNIPRESENCE
 PARTICIPATIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT

IT IS A SYSTEM WHERE THE CITIZENRY AND THE POLICE WORK

TOGETHER TO REDUCE CRIME, PREVENT JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR, MAINTAIN THE PEACE & REDUCE
LOCAL PROBLEMS WHICH ARE THE MUTUAL RESPONSIBILITY OF
THE POLICE & THE PEOPLE.

NOTE: THE PEEL’S PRINCIPLE

KOBAN SYSTEM, COPS (COMMUNITY-ORIENTED)
 PREVENTION V.S.REPRESSION
PREVENTION IS THE OBJECTIVE AIMED TOWARDS WAYS AND
MEANS TO REDUCE THE DESIRE OF THE HUMAN BEING TO
COMMIT CRIME. (PROACTIVE)

REPRESSION IS THE ACT OF PREVENTING THE ACTUAL

COMMISSION OF CRIMES. REPRESSION IS LEVELED ON THE
PREVENTION OF THE VERY ACT ITSELF WHICH CONSTITUTES
CRIMES. (REACTIVE)
 PURPOSE OF POLICEUNIFORM
As with any other occupation, the police uniform is intended
to separate policemen from everyone who are not in the
same line of work to avoid confusion and to assure others of
his authority and his presence.

NOTE: Proactive Measure (assurance of omnipresence)

Police Visibility
 MANAGING CRITICALSITUATIONS

POLICE DISCRETION – is the of one’s own wise judgment on certain

events or circumstances not covered by SOPs.
SAMPLE SCENARIO
✓ ON PATROL ALONE
✓ RAINY & FOGGY SITUATION, URBAN AREA
✓ NO FA, NO HHR, NO MEANS OF COM TO HQ
✓ NO FLASHLIGHT, WEARING RAIN COAT,
✓ 3 MALES IN FRONT OF A PAWNSHOP W IN AOR
✓ SUSPICIOUS LOOKING
 CALCULATING CRIME RATES
Determine the crime rate per 100,000 (the standard for UCR
comparisons) given the following statistics:
• Robbery : 45 Population : 50,000
• Auto Theft : 140 Population : 200,000
• Assault : 114 Population : 250,000

Crime Volume (CV) ?

Crime Solution Efficiency (CCE) ?
Crime Clearance Efficiency (CCE) ?
 CRIME ANALYSIS SIMPLIFIEDFORMULAS
CRIME VOLUME - totality of crimes reported (CV = Index +
Non-index)
CRIME RATE - the number of crimes reported per 100,000
population (CR = no. of crimes/area population x 100,000)
CRIME SOLUTION EFFICIENCY (CSE)
- Crime Solved - Offender has been taken into custody & has
been charged; arrest of one offender involving several
others
-CSE is the percentage of solved cases out of the total no. of
crime incidents given a period of time (CSE = Solved
Cases/CV x 100%)
CRIME TRENDS
- the rise & fall of crimes based on crime data as presented in
a graph
- example, the breakdown of index crimes by Region

January – October 2011 January – October 2011

 INDEX AND NON- INDEX CRIMES
UNDERSTANDING INDEX AND NON- INDEX CRIMES

Month Index Crimes Non- Index Crimes Grand

Total

CRIME VS. PERSON CRIME VS. TOTAL VIOL OTHER TOT

PROPERTY OF RA CRI MES AL
9165

MURDER HOMICIDE PHY RAPE ROBBERY THEFT

INJ

KEY: CHMPRRT
 THE GENERAL PROCEDURES

• Police Blotter • Warning, use of Megaphones

• Police Uniform • Warning Shot
• Police Note Book and Pen • Use of Force
• Inter-Unit Coordination • Moving Vehicles
• Police Intervention
Operations
 POLICE BLOTTER
• PNP: RISE IN CRIME DUE TO REPORTING, NOT FAILURE OF COPS

NOTE: NUMBER OF BLOTTER BOOKS/STATION

COLOR CODE
PURPOSES/USES
 POLICE UNIFORM
• Uniform, A Symbol of Authority
• PNP to Public: Please Respect our Uniform

www.rkmfiles.net Dr. Rommel K. Manwong 17

 POLICE NOTEBOOK ANDPEN
• HUMAN BRAIN HAS LIMITS IN TERMS OF MEMORY. IT
CANNOT ABSORB ALL INFORMATION AT ONCE EVEN
SIMPLE ITEMS IN SHORT SPAN OF TIME. IT REQUIRES
CRITICAL ANALYSIS!!
• THE 5 ORDINARY SENSES ARE ESSENTIAL TOOLS IN
RECALLING THINGS AS THEY ARE THE MEANS OF INFO
COLLECTION.
• THERE IS A NEED TO TAKE DOWN NOTES WHEN
DEALING ON INFORMATION/ NEWS BRIEFS.
 INTER-UNIT COORDINATION
LOCAL POLICE UNITS OPERATING OUTSIDE THEIR
TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION AND NATIONAL
Rob-out or
SUPPORT UNITS SHALL COORDINATE, PERSONALLY Shootout?
OR THROUGH AN OFFICIAL REPRESENTATIVE, WITH
THE POLICE OFFICE WITHIN WHOSE JURISDICTION
THE OPERATION SHALL BE CONDUCTED.
 WARNING, BY USE OFMEGAPHONES

During actual police intervention

operations, the TL shall use peaceful means
including the use of megaphones or any
other similar instruments to
influence/warn the offenders/suspects to
stop and/or peacefully give up.
 POLICE INTERVENTION OPERATIONS(PIO)
ALL POLICE INTERVENTION OPERATIONS
(ARREST, RAID, SEARCH AND SEIZURE,
CHECKPOINT, DEMOLITION, CIVIL
DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT) SHALL
BE CONDUCTED:
1. with a marked police vehicle;
2. preferably led by a Police
Commissioned Officer (PCO); and
3. with personnel in prescribed police
uniform.
 WARNING SHOT
NO WARNING SHOT ALLOWED!
 USE OFFORCE
• ISSUE WARNING
• USE REASONABLE FORCE
• USE OF WEAPON
• REPORTORIAL REQUIREMENT
 BASIC PROCEDURES
• PATROL PROCEDURES
• SPOT CHECK/ PAT DOWN SEARCHES
• ARREST
• CUSTODIAL INVESTIGATION
• INQUEST PROCEDURES
• SEARCH AND SEIZURE
• CRIME SCENE RESPONSE
 SPECIAL PROCEDURES
• RULES ON LABOR DISPUTES
• DEMOLITION AND EVICTION
• ASSISTANCE RE IMPLEMENTATION OF COURT ORDERS
• RALLIES AND DEMONSTRATIONS
• CIVIL DISTURBANCE MANAGEMENT
• CHECKPOINTS
• HOSTAGE SITUATIONS
• CHILD ABUSE CASES
• INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS
• BOMB EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• COMPUTER INCIDENT RESPONSE PROCEDURES
COFFEE BREAK