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Osi 1992-Unlocked 10

The document outlines guidelines for tank foundation design, emphasizing the need to account for expected settlements and stresses on the bottom plate. It details the use of concrete ring wall foundations for load distribution and the importance of evaluating probable settlements in relation to connecting structures. Additionally, it specifies requirements for bunded areas to contain spills from petroleum tanks, including containment volume and fire wall specifications.

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Stephen Wong
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7 views1 page

Osi 1992-Unlocked 10

The document outlines guidelines for tank foundation design, emphasizing the need to account for expected settlements and stresses on the bottom plate. It details the use of concrete ring wall foundations for load distribution and the importance of evaluating probable settlements in relation to connecting structures. Additionally, it specifies requirements for bunded areas to contain spills from petroleum tanks, including containment volume and fire wall specifications.

Uploaded by

Stephen Wong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Where the bottom profile of the tank is designed cone down particular care should be taken to ensure that

expected settlements do not cause


excessive stress in the bottom plate. If settlements may be predicted, the foundation pad and tank base should be constructed cone up to
allow for movements under load which will result in the required cone down profile. The bottom plate levels should be checked against the
predictions after completion of the water test. The limits imposed by internal columns supporting the tank roof should also be considered.

3.3 CONCRETE RING WALL FOUNDATIONS

Concrete ring wall foundations are particularly suited to natural ground conditions where it is necessary to distribute the loads deriving from
the tank shell. In addition to adequately distributing the vertical loading, the ring wall should be designed to carry the horizontal forces
produced by the contained material under the surges during tank filling. The provisions of Appendix B to API Standard 650 will apply. The
ring wall should not have any perforations or penetrations.

If the ring wall is expected to settle under working load and is surrounded by concrete paving within a bunded area, a suitable flexible sealed
joint should be provided at paving level. Ring walls may conveniently be used on top of raft foundations or pile caps. They may serve to lift
the tank to a higher elevation where this is operationally desirable, and also to anchor tall tanks against overturning by wind and to resist
uplift due to high internal pressure.

3.4 BEARING CAPACITY GROUND IMPROVEMENT

Vibration or driving of coarse granular material into a soft silt or clay or weak compressible fill material to form columns or piles may be an
economical alternative to piling or other method of improving the bearing capacity of soil. It should be remembered however, that these
granular columns may well act in a similar manner to piles and that it may be necessary to treat the tank foundation as a piled design and not
as a flexible foundation on compacted ground.

3.5 OTHER FOUNDATIONS

Concrete raft or piled foundations may be considered appropriate for the tank foundation in which case the design and construction should
comply with the appropriate provisions of the Building (Construction) Regulations.

3.6 SETTLEMENT

Probable settlements should be calculated from the soil properties derived from the site investigation, and both the load applied by the
foundation and the ground movement should be considered. The effect of the expected settlement on the tank structure and on connecting
pipe-work should be evaluated and provision made in the detail design for this settlement. Particular care should be taken when calculation
indicates a differential settlement between the tank foundation and the foundations of connecting structures, such as pipe racks, etc. Where
the foundations of tanks settle under load, this settlement may affect the foundations of adjoining structures and buildings and due
assessment should be made of this possibility ﹔in addition, the spread of load from tank foundations should be considered in relation to
adjoining tanks and buildings, both existing and planned. Consideration of this aspect of foundation design may influence the spacing of
tanks and the layout of storage areas and may override the minimum spacing criteria.

4. BUNDED AREAS

4.1 CONTAINMENT VOLUME

Tanks containing petroleum products should be within a bunded area constructed to contain the maximum spillage from the largest tank. For
Class 1 petroleum products, the containment volume of the bunded area should be not less than 105% of the maximum operating capacity of
the largest tank, excluding the displacement of all other tanks and foundations. The bunded area should be self-contained with no weirs or
overflows to other areas, but it may contain tanks storing Class 2 and Class 3 petroleum products.

For Class 2 and Class 3 petroleum products, the containment volume of the bunded area should be not less than 100% of the maximum
operating capacity of the largest tank, excluding the displacement of all other tanks and foundations. The volume of any other bunded
area may be taken into account if connected by relief spillways or weirs which are adequate to carry the overflow resulting from
the largest tank releasing I 00% of its contents in 15 minutes.

In order to limit the spread of fire and to facilitate fire fighting, it may be necessary to divide the bunded area into smaller compartments by
the provision of fire walls.

The height of the fire wall measured from the outside ground level should range from a minimum height of 2 m to a maximum height of 3.7 m,
to afford protection for personnel engaged in fire fighting. They should be located such that a reasonable close approach could be made to a
tank fire, and adequate means of escape be provided over such fire walls.

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