EXERCISEI

Reaction quotient and equilibrium constant

Q.1 The initial concentrations or pressure of reactants and products are given for each of the following
systems.Calculate the reaction quotient and determine the directions in which each system will shift to
reach equilibriurn.
2NH, (g) N,(g)+ 3H, (g) K= 17
[NH,]= 0.20 M : ([N,] = 1.00 M ;(H,]= 1.00M
2NH, (g) ÷N, (g)+ 3H, (g) K
p
=6.8 x 10 atm?
Initial pressure :NH, =3.0 atm; N, =2.0atm; H, =1.0 atm
2SO,(g) 2S0, (g) +O, (g) K=0.230 atm
[SO,] =0.00 M: [SO,]= 1.00 M;[O,] =1.00 M
2S0,(g) 2S0, (g)+0, (g) K,=16.5 atm
Initial pressure : SO, = 1.0 atm ; S0,- Í.0atm ;0,=1.0 atm
2NO(g)+ Cl, (g)+ 2NOCI (g) K=4.6 x 104
[NO]= 1.00 M;[CL,] = 1.00 M: [NOCI]=0M
Q.2 Among the solubility rules is the statement that allchlorides are soluble except Hg,Cl,, AgCl, PbCL, and CuC.
Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the reaction represented by the equation.
AgCl (s) Ag*(aq) + CI (aq)
Is K greaterthan 1, less than 1, or about equal to 1? Explain your answer
Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the reaction represented by the equation
Pb²* (aq)+ 2Cl-(aq) PbCI, (s)
Is Kgreater than 1, less than 1, or about equal to 1? Explain your answer.
Among the solubility rules is the statement that carbonates, phosphates, borates, arsenates, and arsenites,
except those of theammonium ion and the alkali metals are insoluble.
(a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the reaction represented by the equation
CaCO, (s)Ca?t (aq) +CO, (aq)
Is K greater than 1, less than 1, or about equal to 1? Explain your answer
(b) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the reaction represented by the equation.
3Ba?* (aq)+ 2PO (aq) Ba,(PO0), (s)
IsK greaterthan 1, less than 1, or about equal to 1? Explain your answer.
Q4 Benzene is one ofthecompounds used as octane enhancers in unleaded gasoline. It is manufactured by
the catalytic conversion of acetylene to benzene.
3C,H, ’ CH
Would this reaction be most useful commercially ifK were about 0.01, about 1, or about 10? Explain
your answer.

Show the complete chemical equation and the netionic equation for the reaction represented by the equation
KI (aq) +I, (aq) KI, (aq)
give the same expression for the reaction quotient. KI, is composed ofthe ions K* and ,.
Using the equilibrium constant
Which ofthe followingreactions goes almost all the way to completion, and which proceeds hardly at all?
(a) N(g)+0,(g) 2NO (g): K=2.7 x 10-18
(b) 2NO(g) +O,(g)+ 2NO, (g): K,=6.0 x 1013
 For whichofthefollowing rreactions willthe equilibrium mixture contain an appreciable concentration of
both reactants and products?
(a) Cl,(g) + 2Cl (g); K, =6.4 x 10-39
(b) Cl,(g)+ 2NO (g) 2NOCI(g); K =3.7x 108
(c) Cl,(g) +2NO, (g) 2NO,CI(g); K= 1.8
The value ofK, forthereaction 3O, (g) 20, (g) is I.7 x 1030at 25°C. Do you expect pure airat
25°C to contain mucho, (ozone) when O, and Õ, are in equilibrium? Ifthe equilibrium concentration
of 0, in air at 25°C is 8 x 10- M, what is the equilibrium concentration of 0;?
At 1400 K, K,=2.5 x 10 for the reaction CH, (g)+ 2H,S CS,(g) +4H, g). A10.0 Lreaction
vessel at 1400 Kcontains 2.0 mol of CH, 3.0 mol of CS, 3.0 mol ofH, and 4.0 mol ofH,s. Is the
reaction mixture at equilibrium? Ifnot, in which direction does the reaction proceedto reachequilibrium?
QO The first step in the industrial synthesis of hydrogen is the reaction ofsteam and methane to give water
gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
H,0 (g) +CH,(g) CO (g) + 3H,(g) K, =4.7 at 1400 K
A mixture of reactantsand product at 1400 Kcontains 0.035 MH,0, 0.050M CH,0.15 MC0, and
0.20 MH,. In which direction does the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium?
A1 An equilibrium mixture of N, H,, and NH, at 700 Kcontains 0.036 MN, and 0.15MH,. At this
temperature, K, for the reaction N,(e) +3H,E) + 2NH,() is 0.29. What is the concentration of NH?
The air pollutant NO is produced in automobile engines from the high temperature reaction
N,g) +0,(g) + 2NO g);K,= 1.7 x10-' at 2300K.Ifthe initial concentrations ofN, and O, at
2300 Kare both 1.40 M, what are the concentrations ofNO, N, and O, when the reaction mixture
reaches equilibrium?

At acertain temperature, the reaction PCI,(g) PCI,(g) + CI,(e) has an equilibrium constant
K=5.8 x102, Calculate the equilibrium concentrations ofPCl,, PCI, and Cl, ifonly PCi, is present
initially, at a concentration of0.160 M.

At 700K.K, = 0.140 for thereaction CIF, (g) CIF (g) +F,(g). Calculate the equilibrium partial
pressure of CIF,CIE, and F, if only Cl, is present initially, at apartial pressure of 1.47 atm.

Homogeneous equilibria degree ofissociation, vapour density and equilibrium constant

o 15 The degree of dissociation of N,O, into NO, at 1.5 atmosphere and 40°C is 0.25, Calculate its
Kat40°C.Also report degree of dissociation at 10 atmospheric pressure at same temperature.
o16 At 46°C, K, for thereaction N,048)2NO,(8) is 0.667 atm.Compute the percent dissociation
of 380 Torr.
of N,O, at 46°Cat a total pressure

Q.17 When 36.8g N,O, (g) is introduced into a 1.0-litre flask at 27°C. The following equilibrium
reaction occurs : N,0, (g)2NO, (g); K, =0. 1642 atm.
(a) Calculate K, of the equilibrium reaction.
(b) What are the number of moles of N,04 and NO, at equilibrium?
(c) What is the total gas pressure in the flask at equilibrium?
N,0,?
(d) What is the percent dissociation of
QS At some temperature and under a pressure of 4 atm, PCI, is 10% dissociated.Caleulate the
pressure at which PCl, will be 20% dissociated, temperature remaining same.
Q19 Ina mixture of N, and H, in the ratio of l:3 is taken at 300°C, the percentage of ammonia under
equlibrium is 33.33 by volume and total pressure at equilibrium is 64. Calculate the equilibrium constant
ofthe reaction usingthe cquation. N(g)+ 3H,(g)2NH,g).
Q.20 The system N,O,÷2NO, maintained in aclosedvessel at 60°C &a pressure of5 atm has an average
(ie. obseved) molecular weight of 69, calculate K.At what pressure at the sanne
temperature would the observed molecular weight be (230/3)?
Ihe vapour density of N,0, and NO, mixture at acertain temperature is 30. Calculate the pereentage
dissociation of N,0, at this temperature. N,O,(g)2NO,(g).
Q2 In the esterfication C,H,OH () + CH,COOH (0) CH,COOC,H, () + H,0 () an cquimolar
mixture of alcoholand acid taken initially yields under equilibriun, the waterwith mole fruction =0.33.
Calculate the cquilibrium constant.

Hetrogeneous equilibrium
Q.23 Solid Ammoniumcarbamate dissociates as: NH, COONH, (s) 2NH(g) +CO,(g). inaclosed
vessel solid armmonium cartamate is in eqilibrium with is dissociation products. Atcquilibrium, anmonia
is added such that the partial pressure ofNH, at new equilibrium now equals the original total prussure.
Calculate the ratio oftotalpresure at newequilibrium to that of original total pressure.
A sample of CaCO,(s) is introduced into asealed container of volume O0.821 litre &heated to 1000K
untilequilibrium is reached. The equilibrium constant for the reaction CaCO,(s) CaO(s) +CO,(g) is
4x 10atm at this temperature. Calculate the mass of CaO present at equilibrium.
g2s Anhydrous calcium chloride is often used as adessicant. In the presence of excess of CaCi,, the
amount of the water taken up is governed by K =6.4 x 10$S for the following reaction at room
temperature, CaCl,(s) +6H,O(g)CaCl, .6H,0(s). What isthe equilibrium vapour pressure of
water in aclosed vessel that contains CaCl,(s)?
20.0 grams of CaCO,(s) were placed in aclosed vessel, heated &maintained at 727°C under
equilibrium CaCO,(s) CaO(s) +CO,(g) and it is found that 75 % of CaC0, was decomposed.
What is the value ofK, ? The volume ofthe container was 1S litres.

Changes in concentration at equilibrium Le Chatelier's principle

27 Suggest four ways in which the concentration ofhydrazine, N,H,, could be increased in an equilibrium
described by the cquation
N, (g) + 2H, (g) N,H, (g) AH =95 kJ

Q28 How will an increase in temperature aftect cach of the following equilibria? An increase in pessure?
AH =92 kJ
(a) 2NH, (g) N, (g)+3H,(g)
(b) N, (g) +O, (g) + 2NO (8) AH = 181 kJ
(c) AH =-285 kJ
20, (g) 30, (g)
(d) CaO (s) +CO, (g) CaCO, (s) AH =- 176 kJ
Q2la)additional
Methanol,hydrogen
aliquid fuel that could possibly replace gasoline, can be prepared from water gas and
at high temperature and presure in the presence of asuitable catalyst. Write the
expression for the equilibrium constant for the reversible reaction.
AH =-90.2 kJ
2H, (g) +CO (g) + CH,0H(g)
Assume that equilibrium has been established and predict howthe concentration ofFH, CO and CH,OH ill
(b)
diferat anewequilibrium if() more H, is added.(2) CO is removed. )CH;OHis added (4) the presure
on the system is increased. (5) the temperature ofthe system is increased. (6) more catalyst is added.

Q3044 Water gas, amixture ofH, and CO, is an important industrial fuel produced by the reaction of steam
with red-hot coke, essentially pure carbon. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant for the
reversible reaction.
AH = 131.30 kJ
C(s) +H,0 (g)+co (g) +H, (8)
(b) Assume that equilibrium has been established and predict how the concentration of each reactant and
product will iffer at anewequilibriumif(|) more Cis added. (2) H,0 is removed. (3) CO is added.
(4) the preSsure on the system is increased. (5) the temperature of the system is increased.

Q.31 Ammonia is aweak base that reacts with water accordingtothe equation
NH, (aq) +H,0 () +NH, +OH (aq)
Will any of the following increase the percent of ammoniathat is converted to the ammonium ion in
water?
(a) Addition of NaOH. (b) Addition ofHCI. (c) Addition ofNH,CI.
Q.32 Suggest two ways in which the equilibrium concentration ofAg* can be reduced inasolutionofNat,
CH,Ag* and NO,, in contact with solid AgCl.
Na (aq) +CI (aq) +Ag (aq) +NO, (aq) AgCl (s) +Nat (ag) + NO, (aq) AH =-65.9 kJ

Q.33 Additional solid silver sulfate, aslightly soluble solid, is added to asolution of silver ion and sulfate ion in
equilibrium with solid silversulfate. Which ofthe following willoccu? (a) TheAg' and S0, concentration
will not change. (b) The added silver sulfate willdissolve. (c) Additional silver sulfate will form and
precipitate from solution as Ag ions and SOions combine. (d) The Agt ion concentration will increase
and the SO,2ion concentration will decrease.

Kinetics and equilibrium constant

34 Consider a general, single-step reaction of the type A+B C. Showthat the equilibrium constant is
equal to the ratio of therate constant forthe forward and reverse reaction,K,=kk.
Which ofthe following relative values ofk,and k, results in an equilibrium mixture that contains large
amounts ofreactants and small amounts ofproduct?
(a) k,> k, (b) k,=k, (©) k,<k,

os6 Consider the gas-phase hydration ofhexafluoroacetone, (CF),CO:

(CF),CO (8) +H,0 (g) k, (CF),C(OH), (e)
At 76C. the forwàrd and reverse rate constants are k,=0.13 Msand k, =6.02 x 10s-1. What
is the value oftheequilibrium constant K,?
oS7 Consider the reaction of chloromethane with OH in aqueous
soluton
CH,CI(aq) +OH (aq)÷ CH,OH (aq) +Cl (aq)
k,
At25C, the rate constant for the forward reaction is 6x 10-6 M, and the equilibrium constantc
is 1 x 106, Calculate the rate constant for the reverse
reaction at 25"C.

0.5
Q38 The progress of thereaction
A÷ nBwith time, is presented in figure. Determine
the value ofn. 0.3
the equilibrium constant K.
the initial rate of conversionofA.

3 5
Time / Hour

Temperature dependence of equilibrium constant

Q39 Listed in the table are forward and reverse rate constants for the reaction 2NO (g)N,(g) 0,(g)
Temperature (K) k,(M-'s-) k, (M-ls)
1400 0.29 1.1x 106
1500 1.3 1.4 x 10-S
Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?

QÃ0 Forward andreverse rate constant for the reaction CO,(g) +N,(g) co(g)+N,O (g) exhibit the
following temperature dependence.
Temperature (K) k, (Ms) k, (M-ls-l)
1200 9.1 x 10-l1, 1.5x 105
1500 2.7 x 10-9 2.6 x 105
Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic ?

Equilibrium expressions and equilibrium constants

o IfK,=75x 10° at i000Kfor the reaction N,(g) +0,(g) * 2NO (g), what is K, at 1000 Kfor the
reaction 2NO (g)N, (g) +0, (g)?
42 Anequilibrium mixture of PCl, PCI, and Cl, at acertain tempeature contains 8.3 x10- MPCI,
1.5x10-2 MPCL, and 3.2 x *o² MCI,.Caleulate the equilibrium constant K, for the reaction
PCI, (g) +PCI, (g)+ Cl, (8).
Q.43 Asample ofHI (9.30 × 10 mol) was placed in an empty 2.00 Lcontainer at 1000 K.After equilibrium
was reached,the concentration of I, was 6.29 x10"M. Calculate the value of K,at 1000 Kfor the
reaction H,(g)+L, (g)2HI (g).
The vapour pressure of water at 25°C is 0.0313 atm. Calculate the values ofK, and Kat 25°C for the
equilibrium H,0()÷H,0(g).
Simultaneous Equilibrium
0.45 5moles each of'A,B' and D'are added to allitre container. Calculate the number of moles of B'
at equilibrium iffollowing reaction occurs.
A(g) + B(g)÷C(s) K=2x 1010 M2
A(g)+D(g)÷E(s) K,=10!0 M2
Tlour answer by multiplying it with 150/
 PROFICIENCY TEST
1.
Kfor thereaction 2A +B2C is 1.5 x1012, This indicates that at equilibrium the concentration of
would be maximum.
2
The reactionN, +0, 2NO-Heat, would be favoured by igh temperature.
3.
Indoemtc 1 1 would be
K for the reaction X, +Y, +2XY is 100 K. For reaction XY

4.
Compared to Kfor the dissociation, 2H,S 2H*+2HS, then K' for the H* +HS H,S wouldhave

L5. The equilibrium constant for a reaction decreases with increase in temperature, the reaction must be
Cxofueamc
6. For the reaction, PCl,(g)PCI,(g) +CI,(g), K, and Kç arerelated as
7. For the reactions, N,O,(g) +2NO,(g), at equilibrium, increase in pressure shifts the
Dbad direction. equilibrium in
8. Vant Hoffsequation is
9. Dimensions of equilibriumconstant, K_ for the reaction 2NH, N,+3H,, are
10. The value ofK for a reaction can be chariged by changing
oyp,
11. The law of mass action was proposed by ubcxe lo oge
12. The degree ofdissociation ofPCI,
atequilibrium. [PCI,(g)PCI,(g)+Cl,()], Nca with increase in pressure

13. Ifconcentration quotient, Q is greater than Kç, the net reaction in taking place in t direction.
14. The reaction, N, + 3H,2NH, WOuld be favoured by pressure.
15. Kp is related to Ke as_k
16. Solubility ofa gas in water_with increase in temperature.
17. Introduction of inert gas at constant volume to a gaseous reaction at equilibrium results in formation of
Laproduct.
18. The nroduct is more stable than reactants in reaction having K.

19. Van't Hoff's equation gives the quantitative relation between change in
value of K with change in
temperature. 1
20. The laroer value ofK indicates that the product is more stable relative to reactante
21. The value of equilibrium constant changes with change in the initial concentration ofthe rcactan
22. Extent ofa reaction can always be increased bv increasing the
temperature.
23. K, isrelated to Ke as K,=Ke (RTAn.
24. Introduction of inert gas at agascous reaction (An, =0) at equilibrium keeping pressure constant has no
effect on equilibrium state.
25. Forthereaction, N,0, (g)+2NO,(g). K, = K(RT).
26. For areaction the value of Qgreater than Kindicates that the net reaction is proceeding in backward
direction.

27. Solubilities ofall solids in water increase with increase in temperature.

28. Dissolution of gases in water is high at low temperature.
(NH,
29. For the reaction, N, +3H, 2NH, the cquilibrium expression may be written as K= IN, J|H,j

30. For thereaction, CaCO,(s) CaO(s) +CO,g). K, = Pco,.

31. Acatalyst increases the value ofthe equilibrium constant for a reaction.
32. Ifconcentration quotient of reaction is less than K, the net reaction is proceeding in the backward
direction.

33. In case ofendothemic reactions, the cquilibrium shifts in backward direction on increasing the temperature.

34. The value ofK increases with increase in pressure.

dimensionless.
35. Forthereaction, H, +L,÷2HI, the equilibriumconstant, Kis
prssure and hih temeatun:
36. The reaction 2SO,(g) +0,(g) +2SO,(g), AH=-XkJ, is favoured by high
converted into pnoduets.
37. Avery high value ofK indicates that at cquilibrium most of the reactants are
high pressure orby
38. The value ofK for the reaction, N, + 2H,2NH, can be increased by applying
using a catalyst.
 EXERCISE
Q1
Zmoles ofA &3moles of Bare mixed in 1litre vessel and the reaction is carried at 400°C according
lo the cquation; A+B+2C.The equilibrium constant of the reaction is 4. Find the number ofmoles
ofC at equilibrium.
Q.2
NOBr(g)÷2NO(g)+Br, (g). If nitrosyl bromide (NOBr) is 33.33% dissociated at 25° C&
atotal pressure of 0.28 atm. Calculate K for the dissociation at this temperature.
Q.3 At 90°C, the following equilibrium is established :
H,(g) + S(s) + H,S(g) K, =6.8 x 10-2
If 0.2 mol of hydrogen and L.0 mol of sulphur are heated to 90°C in a 1.0 litre vessel,
what willbe the partial pressure of H,S at equilibrium?
Q.4 The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 9.40 at 900°C S,(g) + C(s) CS,(g).Calculate the
pressure oftwo gases at equilibrium, when 1.42 atm ofS, and excess ofC(s) come to equilibrium.
Q.S A mixture of2 moles ofCH, & 34 gms ofH,S was placed in an evacuated container,
which was then
heated to & maintained at 727° C. When eguilibrium was established in the gaseous
reaction
CH,+2H,SCS, +4 H, the total pressure in the container was 0.92 atm &the partial pressure of
hydrogen was 0.2 atm. What was the volume ofthe container?
Q.6 PCI, dissociates according to the reaction PCI, PCI,(g) +Cl,(g). At 523 K, K,-1.78 atm. Find
the density of the equilibrium mixture at a total pressure of Iatm.
Q.7 The following data for the equilibrium composition ofthe reaction
2Na(g) ÷ Na,(g)
at 1.013 MPa pressure and 1482.53 K have been obtained.
mass % Na (monomer gas) = 71.3
mass %Na, (dimer gas) = 28.7
Calculate the equilirium constant Kp
Q.8 The degree of dissociation of HIat a particular temperature is 0.8. Find the volume of
1.5M sodium
thiosulphate solution required to react completely with the iodine present at equilibrium in acidic conditions.
when 0. 135 mol each ofH, and I, are heated at 440 Kin a closed vessel of capacity 2.0 L.
[; + 2Na,S,o, ’ 2Nal + Na,S,O,]
Q.9 Areaction system in equilibrium accordingtothe equation 2SO, +0,2SO, in 1litre reaction vessel
ata given temperature was found to contain 0. ll mol of SO,, 0.12 mol ofSO, and 0.05 mol of 0..
Another 1litre reaction vessel contains 64 gofSO, at the same temperature. What mass ofO, must be
added to this vessel in order that at equilibrium halfof SO, is oxidised to SO,?
Q.10 Amixture ofhydrogen &iodine in the mole ratio 1.5:1ismaintained at450°C. Afer the atainment nf
equilibrium H,(g)+ L,(g)2HI(g), it is found on analysis that the mole ratio ofI, to HI 0s 1: 18.
Calculate the equilibrium constant &the number of moles of each species present under equilibrium. if
initially, 127 grams ofiodine were taken.

Q.II Inacnsed container nitrogen and hydrogen mixture initially in amole ratio of 1:4 reached equilibrium. It
botthe half hydrogen is converted to ammonia. Ifthe original pressure was
180 atm, what will
be the partial pressure of ammoniaat equilibrium. (There is no change in temperature)
o12 The equilibrium constant for thereaction CO(g) +H,O(g) CO,(g) +H,(g) is 7.3 at 450° C& latm
pressure. The initial concentration of watergas (CO &H, in equimolar ratio] &steam are 2moles
5molesrespectively. Find the number of moles of Co, H,CO, &H,0(vapour) at equilibrium.
Q.13 At 1200°C, the following equilibrium is established between chlorine atoms &molecule:
Cl,(g) 2Cl (g)
The composition oftheequilibrium mixture may be detemined by measuring the rate of effusion of the
times
mixture through a pin hole. It is found that at 1200°C and I atm pressure the mixtureeffuses 1.l6
as fast as krypton effuses under the same condition, Calculate the equilibrium constant Ke

1.642 atm. At equilibrium, the

).14 SO, decompOses at a temperature of 1000 Kand at a total pressure of SO3 for
density of mixture is found to be 1.28 g/l in a vessel. Find the degree of dissociation of
SO, SO, +1/20,
reaction is carried out at acertaintemperature,
Consider theequilibrium: P(g) + 20(g)R(g). When therespectively.
Q.15 When the volume ofthe vessel is
the equilibrium concentration ofP and O are 3Mand 4M the concentration ofQ is found to be 3M.
reestablished,
doubled and the equilibrium is allowed to be
Find (A) K, (B) concentration ofR at two equilibrium stages.
contains 0.33g L/L.More than this can dissolve in a KI solution
Q.16 A saturated solution ofiodine in water (0.10 MI)
ofthe follovwing equilibrium: I,(aq) +I (aq)÷ (aq). A0.10 M Kl solution concentration
because converted to l,".Assuming that the
actually dissolves 12.5 g of iodine/L, most of which isthe equilibrium constant for the above reaction.
same, calculate
ofl, in all saturated solutions is the saturated of I, in the KI solution ?
effect of adding water to a clear
What is the
+methylene +methylene blue may be
white p-Xylohydroquinonemethylene
Q.17 The equilibriump-Xyloquinone and blue.One mmol
observing the difference in color methylene white
studied convinently by Min
O.012
was 0.24 Minp-Xylohydroquinone and
ofmethylene blue was added to 1Lofsolution that added methylene blue was reduced to methylene
p-Xyloguinone. It was then found that 4% of the equation is balanced with one mole
of theabOve reaction? The
white. What is the equilibrium constant
each of4 substances.

to a small extent at a given temperature &pressure, nA A,.Showthat

Q.18 Acertain gas A polymerizes
equation where K=Aaevis the volume ofthe
the gas obeys the approx. [A'
one mole ofA was taken in the container.
conatiner. Assume that initially
ternperature of27°Ccontaining
10molofCuSO,5H,Ois introducedina 1.9Lvessel maintained ataconstant solid mixture
Q.19 humidity of 12.5%. What 1s the final molar composition of
moist air at relative
CuSO,)+5H,OB.K(atm) =10. lake vapor pressure of water at 27°Cas 28 tors
ForCuSO,.SH,O()
follows:
solidsXand Ydisssociate into gaseous producis at acertain temperature as
Q.20 Two B(g)+Cg)..Ata given temperature, pressure over excess
A(g)+C(g), and Y(s)
X(s) 60 mm. Calculate:
pressure over solid Yis
solid X is 40 mm and total
reactions (in mm)
(a) the values ofK_ for two B in the vapour state over a mixture ofX and Y
(b) the ratio ofmoles ofA and ofX and Y.
gases overa mixture
(c) the total pressure of
Q.21 When Imole ofA(p) is introduced in aclosed rigid Ilitre vessel maintained at constant temperature the
following equilibria are established.
A(g) + B(g) + C(g)
C(g) + Dig) + B(g)

The pressure at equilibrium is twice the initial pressure. Calculate thevalue of K"B]. 5

Q.22 Solid NHl on rapid heating in a closed vessel at 357°C develops a constant pressure of
275 mm Hg owing to partial decomposition ofNH,I into NH, and HI but the pressure gradually in
further (when the excess solid residue remains in the vessel) owing to the dissociation ofHI. Calculate
the final pressure developed at equilibrium.
NH,I (S) NH,(g) +HI(g)
2HI(g) + H,(g) +1,(g), K,=0.065 at 357°C
 EXERCISE III
Only one is correct
ot Forthereaction equilibrium;
N,O,e)2NO,(8); the concentration of N,0, and NO, at equlibrium are 4.8 x \0* and
1.2 x 102 mol/Lrespectively. The value ofK, for the reaction is :
(A)3 x 10-3 M (B) 3 x 10 M (C) 3.3 x 10 M(D) 3 x 10-' M

o2 What is the equilibrium constant for the reaction

Pa(9) +5O,g) PO106)
1
(A)K= (B) K= (C) K,= [0, (D) K, = [P,][O,J
[o, S[P,1[0,1'
The equilibrium constant for the reaction;
N,(g)+O,(g) ÷2NO(g) at temperature
Tis 4 x 104. The value of K, for the reaction.

NOG,NJ8)*;o,40 tthe same temperature is:

(C) 4 x 104 (D) 2.5 x 10-2
(A)0.02 (B) 50

Q4 The equilibrium constant for the given reaction:

SO,e) + SO,(g)+0,(8); K, =4.9 x102
The value of K, for the reaction:
2S0,(g)+O,(g) +2S0,(g), will be
(A)416 (B) 2.40x 10-3 (C) 9.8 x 10-2 (D)4.9 x 10-2

For the following threereactions 1, 2and 3, equilibrium constants are given:

(1)CO(g)+ H,0(g) CO,(g) +H,(g) ;K,
(2) CH,(g)+ H,O(g) CO(g)+ 3H,(g)
(3) CH,(g) +2H,O(g) CcO,(g)+4H,(g)
Which of the following relations is correct ?
(A) K, VKz = K, (B) K,K, = K, (C) K, = KK, (D) K, · KK?
Consider following reactions in equilibrium with equilibrium concentration 0.01 Mofevery species
(1) PC1, (g)PCI,(g) +Cl,(e) (I)2HI(g) H(g)+1, (8)
() N,(g) +3H,(8) 2NH, (g)
Extent ofthe reactions taking place is:
(A)I> II> III (B)I <II< II (C) II <II<I (D) II <I<II

Q.7 Adefinite amount of solid NH,HS is placed in aflask already containing ammonia gas at acertain
temperature and 0.50 atm pressure. NH,HS decomposes to give NH, and H,S and at equilibrium total
The equilibriumconstant for the reactionis:
pressure in flask is 0.84 atm.
(A) 0.30 (B) 0.18 (C)0.17 (D) 0.11
Eor the reaction 3 A(g)+B(g)+2C(g) at a given temperature, K, =9.0. What must be the
volume of the flask, if a mixture of 2.0 mol each of A, B and C exist in eguilibrium?
(A)6L (B) 9L (C) 36 L (D) None ofthese
 polysulfide ions having formulas
Sulfide ion in alkaline solution reacts with solid sulfur to form
S,, s,,s, and so on. The equilibrium constant forthe formation of S,- is 12 (K,) &for the
constant forthe formation
lormationof S,? is l132 (K,), both from Sand S2- What is the equilibrium
of S? from S,?- and s? (D) None of these
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C) 132

Q10 Tmole N, and 3 mol H, are placed in a closed container at a pressure of4 atm. The pressure falls to 3
am at the same temperature when the following equilibrium is attained.dissociation of NH,is:
N8)+3H,(g)+2NH,(g). The equilibriumconstant K, for
0.5x (1.5) atm² (D) 3x3 atm-2
(A) 0s*.5 atm (B) 0.5 x(1.5³ atm (C) 0.5x (1.5)
3x3

Ai One mole of N,0,(g) at300 Kis left ina closed container under oneatm.Itisheated to 600 K
when 20 %by mass of N,O, (g) decomposes to NO, (g). The resultant pressure is :
(A) 1.2 atm (B) 2.4 atm (C) 2.0 atm (D) 1.0 atm

For the following gases equilibrim. N,O, (g) 2NO, (g)

K, is found to be equal to K,. This is attained when temperature is
(Ä)0°c (B) 273 K (C) 1K (D) 12.19K

1
Forthe reaction: CO(g)+0,) CO,(g), KK,is:
(A) RT (B) (RT)-l (C) (RT)-2 (D) (RT)I2

4 For thereaction; 2NO,(g) 2NOg) +0,(g)

K=1.8x 106at 184° Cand R= 0.083 0K-' mol. When K, and K, are compared at 184°C, it is
found that:
(A) K, > K (B) K, <K
(C) K, = Ke (D) K,2 Kdepends upon pressure of gases
Q5 PCl, dissociation aclosed container as:
PCI,(g) PCI,(g) +Cl,(g)
If toial pressure at equilibrium of the reaction mixture is Pand degree of dissociation ofPCl, is a, the
partial pressure ofPCl, will be:
(A) P (B)P

Q.6 constant
Forthe reaction :2H(g) HE)+;(8), the degree of dissociated(a) ofHI(g) /s related to equilibrium
K, by the expression

1+2)Kp
(4)* (B)2K
1
(C) 1+2K,
2K
2/&,
2 2 (D) 1+2/Kp
reaction
Q.17 The equilibrium constant forthe
A(g)+ 2B(g) C(g)
.asAmmmo2 Inavolume of5 dm', what amount ofA must be mixed with 4mol ofB to yield I mol
ofCat equilibrium.
(B) 24 mnles (C) 26 moles
(A) 3 moles (D) None of these
Q.8 Forthe reacion A(g) +2B(g)÷Cg) +D(g) : K.= 10!2,
If the initial moles ofA,B,C and Dare 0.5, 1.,0.5 and 3.5 moles respectively in a one litre vessel. What
is the equilibrium concentration ofB?
(A) 104 (B) 2 x 14 (C) 4 x10 (D) 8 x 104

Q.19 The equilibrium constant K for thereaction,

A(g) +2B(g)+3C(g) is 2x 10-3
What would be the equilibrium partial presure of gas C if initial pressure of gasA&Bare I &2atm
respectively.
(A) 0.0625 atm (B)0.1875 atm (C)0.21 atm (D) None of these

Q.20 A20.0 litre vessel initially contains 0.50 mole eachofH, and I, gases. These substances react and firally
reach an equilibrium condition. Calculate the equilibium concentration ofHlifK=49 for the reaction
H, +L, 2HI.
(A)0.78 M (B) 0.039M (C)0.033 M (D)0.021M
Avessel of250 litre was filled with O.01 mole ofSb,S, and 0.01 mole ofH, to attain the equilibrium at
440°C as Sb,S,(s) + 3H, (g) +2Sb (s) +3H,S (g).
After equilibrium the H,S foned was analysed by dissolving it in water and treating with exces ofPb
to give 1.195 gofPbS (Molecular weight-239) precipitate.
What is value ofK, of the reaction at 440°C?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C)4 (D) None of these

Q.22 The equilibrium constant for the reaction COg) +H,0g) Co,g)+Hg is 3at 500 K. In a2 litre
vessel 60 gm ofwater gas [equimolar mixture of COg) and Hg]and 90 gm of steamis iniialy takern.
What is the equilibrium concentration ofH,(g) at equilibrium (mole L)?
(A)1.75 (B) 3.5 (C) 1.5 (D)0.75

Q.23 At87°C, the following equilibrnumisestablished

H,(g)+ S(s)H,S (g) K,=7x 10-2
If0.50mole ofhydrogen and l.0 mole ofsulfur are heated to 87°Cin 1.0 Lvessel, what will be the
partial pressure ofH,S at equilibrium?
(A) 0.966 atm (B) 1.38 atm (C)0.0327 atm (D)9.66 atm
Q.24 At certain temperature () for the gas phase reaction
2H,0(g) +2C1, (g) 4HClg) +0,(g) K=12 x 10 atm
IfCL. HCI& 0, are mixed in suchamanner that the partial pressure ofeach is 2atm and the mixture is
brough into contact with excess of liquid water. What would be approximate partial pressure ofCl,
when equilibrium is attained at temperature (T)?
[Given : Vapour pressure of water is 380 mm Hg at temperature (T))
(A) 3.6 x 10-5 atm (B) 10atm (C) 3.6 x10 atm (D) 0.01 atm

Q.25 At67S K, H,(g) and co, (g) react to fom COg) and H.0 (g), K, for he reaction is 0.16.
If amixture of 0.25 mole of H,(g) and 0.25 mol of CO, is heated at 675 K, mole %ofCog) in
equilibnium mixture is:
(A) 7.14 (B) 14.28 (C) 28.57 (D) 33.33
 constant temperature does not affect the
In whichof the following reactions, increase in the pressure at
moles at equlibrium:
(A) 2NH,(g) N,(e) +3H,(g) (B) Cg) +;0,(g)+ COg)
()H,(g)+0,(8)H,0(g) (D)H,(g) +1,(g) + 2HI(g)
following equilibrium
Q Change in volume ofthe system does not alter the number of moles in which of the
(A) N,(g)+O,(g) 2NO(g) (B) PCI,(g)PC,(g) +CI,(g)
() N,(e)+ 3H,(g) 2NH,(8) (D)SO,CI,(g) So,(g) +Cl,(g)
The conditions favourable for the reaction:
2S0,(g) + O,(g) + 2SO,(g); AH°=- 198 kJ
are:
(A) low temperature, high pressure (B)any value ofTand P
(C) low temperature and low pressure (D) high temperature and high pressure

The exothermic fomation ofCIF, is representedAH by the equation :

=-329 kJ
CI,(g) +3F,(g) 2CIF;(g)
Which ofthe following willincronse the quantity of CIF, in an equilibrium mixture of Cl,,F, and ClF,:
(A) Increasing the temperature (B) Removing Cl,
(C) Increasing the volume of container (D) AddingF,
Densities of diamond and graphite are 3.5 and 2.3 gm/mL.
C(diamond) C(graphite) AH=-1.9 kJ/mole
favourable conditions for formation of diamond are
(A) high pressure and low temperature (B) low pressure and high temperature
(D) low pressure and low temperature
(C) high pressure and high temperature
The equilibrium S0,CL(g) SO,(g)+CL,(g) is attained at 25°C incorect.aclosed rigid container and an inert
gas, helium is introduced. Which of the following statements is/are
(A)concentrations of SO,, CI, and SO,Cl, do not change
(B) more chlorine is formed
(C) concentration ofSO, is reduced
(D) more SO,Cl, is formed
container
Following two equilibrium is simutaneously established in a
PCI,(g) PC;(g) +Cl,(g)
CO(g) +Cl,(g) COC;(g)
Ifsome Ni(s) is introduced in the container forming Ni (CO), (g) then at new equilibrium
increase (B)PCl, concentration will decrease
(A)PCI, concentration will
remain same (D)CO concentratjon will remain same
(C) Cl, concentration will
reacion
The yield of productin theB(g) + 2C(g)+ QkJ
2A(g) +
at :
would be lower
low pressure (B) high temperature &high pressure
(A)lowtemperature and
andto (D) high temperature & low pressure
temperature ,hitaressure
(C) low
Q What is the effect oftheeduction ofthe volume ofthe system for the equilibriun 2C(s) +0,g)2C0g)?
(A) Theequilibrium willbe shifted to the left by the increased pressure caused by the reduction in
volume.
(B) The equilibrium will be shifted to the right by the decreased pressure caused by the reduction in
volume.
(CThe equilibrium will be shifted to the left by the increased pressure caused by the increase in volume.
(D) The equilibrium will be shifted to the right by the increased pressure caused by the reduction in
volume.

he vapour density of N,0, at acertain temperature is 30. What is the %dissociation of N,O, at this
cmperature?
(A) S3.3% (B) 106.6% (C) 26.7% (D) None

Q The equilibrium constant K, (in atm) for the reaction is 9at 7atm and 300 K.
A, (g)B,(g) +C, (e)
Calculate the average molar mass (ing/mol) of anequilibrium mixture.
Given : Molar mass ofA, B, and C, are 70,49 &21gm/mol respectively.
(A) 50 (B) 45 (C) 40 (D) 37.5

Vapour density ofthe equilibrium mixture of the reaction

2NH, (g) N, (g)+ 3H, (g) is 6.0
Percent dissociation of ammoniagas is:
(A) 13.88 (B) 58.82 (C)41.66 (D) None of thes

Equimolar mixture oftwo gases A, and B, is taken in a rigid vessel at temperature 300 K. The gases
reacts according to given equations:
A, (g) 2A (g) Kp =?
B, (g) +2B (g) K, =?
A, (g) +B, (g)+ 2AB (g) Kg =2
Ifthe ihitial presure in the container was 2atm and final presure developed at equilibrium is 2.75 atm
in which equilibrium partial presure of gas AB was 0.5 atm, calculate the ratio of
[Given :Degree of dissociation of B, is greater than A,].
(A)8 (B) 9 (C)1/8 (D) None of these

Q. The equilibrium constants Kp and Kp, forthe reactions

X 2Yand Z P+Q, respectively are in theratio of 1:9. Ifthe degree of dissociation of Xand
Zbe equal then the ratio oftotal pressures at these equilibria is:
(A)1:36 (B) 1:1 (C) 1:3 (D)I:9

When N,0, is heated at temp. T, it dissociates as N,O, N,0, +0,, K,=2.5.At the same time
N,0, also decomposes as :N,O,N,O+O,. Ifinitially 4.0 moles ofN,0, are taken in 1.0 litre flask
and allowed to attain equilibrium, concentration of0, was fomed to be 2.s M. Equilibriumconcentration
ofN,O is
(A) 1.0 (B) 1.5 (C) 2.166 (D) 0.334
 An exothermicreaction is represented by the graph:

(A)
nK, Inkp ink (D)
InKp
(B) (C)
1/T 1/T
1T 1/T

Moze than one may be correct

Forthe reaction PC1,(g)PCI,g)+CL(g), the forward reaction at constant temperature is favoured by
(A) introducing an inert gas at constant volume
(B) introducing chlorine gas at constant volume
(C) introducing an inert gas at constant pressure
(D) introducing PCl, at constant volume.
When NaNO, is heated in aclosed vessel, oxygen is liberated and NaNO, is left behind. At equilibrium
(A) addition of NaN0, favours everse reaction
(B) addition ofNaNO0, favours forward reaction
(C) increasing temperature favours forward reaction
(D) increasing pressure favours reverse reaction

4 For the gas phase reaction, C,H, +H, C,H, (AH=-32.7 kcal), carried out in aclosedvessel, the
equilibrium moles ofC,H, can be increased by
(A) increasing the temperature (B) decreasing the pressure
(C) removing some H, (D) adding some C,H,

Phase diagram of CO, is shown as following

73
Solid Liquid/
67
P (atm)

Gas

195 217 298 304

T(K)
Based on above find the correct statement(s)
(A) 298K is the normal boiling point of liquid CO,
(B) At latm & 190 K CO, willexist as gas.
(C)CO,(s) will sublime above 195K under normal atmospheric pressure
(D)Melting point & boiling point of CO, will increase on increasing pressure
 The equilibrium between, gaseous isomers A, B andC can be represented as
Reaction
Equilibrium constant
A(g)÷B(g) K, =?
B (g)+C (g) K, =0.4
C(g)A(g) K, =0.6
If one mole ofA is taken in a closed vessel of volume l litre, then
(A) [A]+ (B]+[C]=1 Mat any time ofthe reactions
(B)Concentration of Cis 14.1Mat the attainment equilibrium in all he reactions
(C) The value ofK,is 0.24
(D) None ofthese

for thegas phase exothermic reaction, A, +B, C, caried out in aclosed vessel, the equilibrium
moles ofA, can be increased by
(A) increasing the temperature (B) decreasing the pressure
(C) adding inert gas at constant pressure (D) removing some C
0. Consider theequilibrium HgO(s) +4 (ag) +H,0 ()Hgl (aq) +20H (aq), which changes will
decrease the equilibrium concentration ofHgl?
(A) Additionof0.I MHI (aq) (B)Addition ofHgO (s)
(C)Addition ofH,0 () (D)Addition of KOH(aq)
Q. Jecrease in the pressure for the following equilibria :H,0(9) ÷H,O() result in the :
(A) formation of moreH,O(s) (B) formation of more H,0(0)
(C) increase in melting point ofH,0(s) (D) decrease in melting point of H,0(s)
Assertion Reason
Q. Statement-1 : Total nunmber ofmoles in aclosed system atnewequilibrium is less than the old equilibrium
ifsome amount ofa substance is removed from a system
(consider areaction A(g) Bg) )at equilibrium.
Statement -2 : The number of moles ofthe substance which is removed, is partially compensated as the
system reached to newequilibrium.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
B)Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOTthe comect explanation for statement-l.
(C) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
(D) Statement-1 is true, statenment-2 is false.

Q. Statement-1 Ammonia at a pressure of 10 atm and CO, at a pressure of20 atm are introduced
into an evacuated chamber. IfK, for the reaction
NH,COONH, (S) ÷ 2NH, (g)+ CO, (e) is 2020 atm², the total pressure
after a long time is less than 30 atm.
Statement-2 Equilibrium can be attained from both directions.
(A)Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
B) Statement-l is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2is NOT the comect explanation for statement-l.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statennent-2 is true.
Comprehension :
Paragraph for Question Nos. 52 to 55
In a 7.0 Levacuated chamber, 0.50 mol H, and 0.50 mol I, react at 427°C.
H,(g)+L(g)2HI(g).At the given temperature, K=49 for the reaction.
Q52 What is the value ofK,?
(A)7 (B) 49 (C) 24.5 (D) None

What is the total pressure (atm) in the chamber?

(A) 83.14 (B) 831.4 (C)8.21 (D) None

How many moles ofthe iodine remain unreacted at equilibrium?

(A)0.388 (B)0.112 (C) 0.25 (D) 0.125

Q55 What is the partial pressure (atm) ofHI in the equilibrium mixture?
(A) 6.385 (B)12.77 (C)40.768 D) 646.58

Paragraph for Question Nos. 56 to 58

Equilibrium constants are given (in atm) for the following reactions at 0° C:
K,=5x 10-12
SrCl, 6H,O(s) SrCl, · 2H,0($) +4H,0(g) K=2.43 x 10-13
Na,HPO, 12 H,0(s) + Na,HPO, 7H,0 (9)+ 5H, Og) K,=1.024.x 10-27
Na,SO, 10 H,0(s) * Na,SO, (s) +10 H,0 (g)
The vapor pressure of water at 0°C is 4.56 torr.
QÑ6 Which is the most effective drying agent at 0°C?
(A) SrCl,- 2H,0 (B) Na,HPO,;7H,0 (C) Na,SO, (D) all equally

QST At what relative humidities will Na,SO,- 10H,0 be efflorescent(release moisture) when exposed to
air at 0°C?
(A)above 33.33% (B) below 33.33 % (C) above 66.66% (D) below66.66%

At what relative humidities willNa,SO, be deliquescent (i.e. absorb moisture) when exposed to the air
at 0°C?
(A) above 33.33% (B) below 33.33% (C) above 66.66% (D) below66.66%

Paragraph for Question Nos. 59 to 61

Ifwe knowthe equilibrium constant for aparticular reaction, we can calculate the concentrations in the
equilibrium mixture from the initial concentrations.Commonly only the initial concentraion ofreactants
are given.
Q.59 Ina study of equilibrium
H,(g) +L,(g) + 2HI (g)
I molofH, and 3 mol ofL, gave rise at equilibrium to xmol ofHI.
Addition ofa further 2 mol ofH, gave an additional x mol ofHI. What is x?
(A) 0.5 (B) 1 (Ç) 1.5 D) None of these

0.60 Inabove problem, what is K, at the temperature of theexperiment.

(A)1 (B)y (C)4 (D) None of these
Q Inastudy of equilibrium
2SO,(g) +O,(g)* 280,(g).
Starting with 2 mole SO, and L.5 mole O, in 5litre flask.
Equilibrium mixture required 0.4 mole KMnO, in acidic medium.
2 KMnO,+ 5S0,
Hence Kis: +2H,0’ 2MnSO, +K,SO,+ 2H,SO,
(A) 0.2 (B) 5.0 (C)675.0 (D) None of these
Match the columnn:
Columni Column II

(A) K,< Kç (P) N, + 3H, 2NH,

(B) Introduction ofinert gas at (Q) PCI, (g) PCI, (g) +Cl, (8)
constant pressure will decrease
the concentration of reactants

(C) KÍ is dimensioniess (R) 2NO, (g) N,0, (e)

(D) Temperature increase will shift (S) NH, (g) +HI ()÷NHI (S)
the reaction on product side.
 EXERCISE IV
reaction
dissociation is 0.4 at 400K & 1.0 atm for the gasoeus
Q.1 The degree of Calculate the density of equilibrium
PCI, =PCI, +CI,(g). Assuming ideal behaviour ofallgases.
mixture at 400K & 1.0 atm pressure.

NH,HS is introduced into a two litre evacuated flask at 27°C, 30% ofthe solid
Q.2 When 3.06g ofsolid
decomposes into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide.
Calculate K, &K, for the reaction at 27°C.
NH,HS is introduced into the flask?
What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid

quotient Q, at the initial

When two reactants Aand Bare mixed to give products Cand D, the reaction
stages of thereaction:
(A)iszero (B) decrease with time
(C) independent of time (D) increases with time

o4 For the reversible reaction :

N,(g) + 3H,(g) 2NH,(g) at 500°C. The value of K, is 1.44 x 10-, when partial pressure
measured in atmospheres. The corresponding value of Kwith concentration in molL- is:
(A) 1.44 x 105 /(0.082 x 500)2 (B) 1.44 x 105 /(8.314 x 773)-2
(C) 1.44 x 105 /(0.082 × 773) (D) 1.44 x 10-5 /(0.082 x 773)

At constant temperature, the equilibrium constant (K) for the decomposition reaction N,0, 2NO,
is expressed by K, =4x*P/(1 -x*) where Pis pressure, x is extent of decomposition. Which of the
following statement is true ?
(A)K, increases with increase ofP
(B) K, increases with increase ofx
(C) K, increases with decrease ofx
(D) K, remains constant with change in Porx

Q Consider the following equilibrium in aclosed container: N,O,(g) 2NO,g).

Ata fixed temperature, the volume of thereaction container is halved. For this change, which ofthe
following statements holds true regarding the equilibrium constant (Kp) and degree of dissociation(a):
(A) Neither K, nor a changes
(B) Both Kp and a change
(C) K, changes, but a does not change
(D) K, does not change, but a changes
 5. 1. Q.42505 Q.29.Exothenic Q.2at6m Q.22.24mg
Q.28 Q.27 0.821 Q.K=422 Q.20 Q.0.at91m78 Q.11 Q.9 Q.7 Q.4 Q.2 Q.!
430 Q41 Q.39 Q.32166 Q.33 a Q.32 Q.31 Q.30 Q.29 Q.17 Q.15 Q13

exothermic C 1.3 Add K,=2.5 5.9 l10

The Kaboutreduce (b) (a) (a)
[H]b [H,change.
] [CH,OH]
(b) (a)decrease (b) (a) (a) add (c) (a) Kp equilibriun
(PCI]=[Cl]=0.071
x NaCl increase shift 10.496.667=0.4, x
reaction K=[Ag]CH]isK= 25,
108 decrease each inK= [H,] 1.K= N,, 10-3 the
[CO][HVH,OJ;
1.[H,0][CH,0H)HJ{COj, right, add atm, 1/PbJ[Cj' shifts
or increase ;3.
of increase, atm a~ M concentration
some the ([H,] shift H,, is left,
6 2. . P x not
5.; ;3following increase = (d) (b)
other [H,0] [H,o] no increase, left, 15 100.1 an
change, 5.
; [Co]
atm 6.44 equilibriun less 0.22,
[H,] (b) mol M, is
Kphigh saltdecrease, shift the ofions
greater than
=Ke
increase, cases decrease, % [PCI,| shifts
that pressure L-l; 1.AgCl
[CO] increase, [CO] right,
T) produces the because tothan right,
(RPROFICIENCY
TEST mass increase, a
[Co] [CO] no [CH,OH] no (b) =0.089 low one ANSWER
7. 3 change, (CO] effect, heat , EXERCISE
insoluble
is(c) KEYI
increase,
increase, of n level
because o,
CI
the
Q>K.
in
carbonincrease,
[CH,OH] (c) (N,0) shifts
backward 10 0.058
Q.Endothermic
44 KQ.42 Q.k,[AJ[B]=k
40 Q.38 Q.[C]:34 [H,] increase; reaction Q.23 Q.21 Q.19
Q.25 31/27 Q.50%16 Q.14 Q.12 Q.8 Q.6
the shift thus
solution. [H,] [H,] will The PbCI, left,
()2; no left, = 10-32 the (d)
increase
decrease; change,[CH,0H]
change; PH0 53.33% Kp0.374 Pcr= [No] =reaction mol/L ~9x (a)
,=0.0313 increase;4. 2. shift
= concentration
(i) Cool [H,] -5 1.3
incompleteinsoluble is shifts1,
4. but left,
1.2 decrease;6.
2. increase, x mol; 0.056 wil
moL; the 4.
[H,0] its (d) 10- =0.389 right,
atm, [H,0]
concentration [H,] 10-15 x proceed
solution. shift M, (b) and
K, atm? n ofions (e)
(iii) decrease,
increase, increase, [CO] left, atm (NO,) [N,]= formation
al1most
= moles/hr[AJ[B]k,k no atm, from 0,
1.28 0.l shift are shift
changedecrease, CIE, [0,]= rightcomplete
x (activity)
[CO]decrease, (CO] right 0.052
mol; =
much right
[CO] to of
10 the less
increase, [CH,OH]
1.08 1.37 left
wil increase, solid than
atm Mreach to
not wil I
M
 Q.3 DQ.1 15 A
22 Q.A
29 Q.D Q.8 Q.1 Q.8 Q.7 Q.5 Q.3 Q1 36. 32. 28. 24. 20. 17. 14. 8.
Q.62 Q.56 Q.AA,49C Q.C,4D3 Q.36 Q.C Q.21 Q.420 Q.19 Q.17 Q.15 Q.13 Q.12 Q.1atm148
Q.10
4.54 g (A) A atm mole2.4
300L0.379 F T amount
sameTGuldberg
ofhigWaage
h and log
(a) nco=0.938,
CuSO,.5H,0=9.2 K,K,= 6.71 nK=54,V=1440.843
mLPNa
P.R,S 400mm²,90Umm - K,
480 1/12,
Q.4 dm Q.57 AB,C,D
Q.B
50 Q.B
44 Q.37 Q.C
30 Q.C23 Q.A Q.9 Q.2
16 D 10x n0.9
(B) [R]= 2.303R|
Pa;PNan0.170 M 29. AH°T;
T,T -I
D P,Q,R,S A A 37. 33. 25. 21. 15.
4 nco mol,
(initial),=.938,
x n,,=0.05 T F T T F
Q.5 Q.2 (C) Q.58 A 17 Q.C
Q.51 D Q.38 Q.A31 Q.A24 Q.C 10 BQ.3 (b)
10-mol, Kp
P.Q,R,S 4:9, =
D(i) B 1.5 = Ke
) mol, (RTYAn
K=8.1 (cCuSO, (final)=0.062,
(D) 72.15 Pa;k,
EXERCISE
Q.7 IV Q.4 I I nå EXERCISE II 38. 34. 30. 26. 22. 12. 9
Q.Q59 Q.C52 Q.BC,4D5 Q.39 Q.A32 Q.B25 Q.B18 EXERCISE
Q.li B 18.
x = =0.3
nm P20 =0.239
D10 B A Q.22 Q.18 Q.16 Q.14 Q.6 Q.4 Q.2 F F T Tlargerdecreascs
mol'L-2
Hg10- mo! Q.9
molL';K,=4.91 =4.062
Q.60 Q.C53 Q.C A,4C6 Q.40 Q.D33 Q.D26 Q.D19 Q.B12 DQ.5 s Tobe 0.a=
337 moleK=707.2, 5 9.34 g 7
g/lit2.K,=0.0l value
atm
mm = of
C proved 35. 31. 10.
Hg 1.284 27. 23. 19. 16. 13.
backward
atm, T F Fdecreases
x 27 Q.A
Q.61 Q.B54 Q.B47 Q.41 Q.34 Q.A Q.6
20 Q.B13 C backward
T temperature
10
reaction P
atm² A,B,C A B
0.1365
(ii) is
21 Q.A14 A
Q.55 Q.A48 Q.C,42D Q.35 Q.A28 Q.A Q.7 favoured
Noeffect; atm
C,D D