LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

Chapter 3

LIST DATA TYPE

▪ A List is a collection which is ordered and changeable / mutable.
▪ It allows duplicate members.
▪ A list is similar to array.
▪ Lists are represented by square brackets [] and the elements are separated
by comma.
▪ The main difference between a list and an array is that a list can store
different data type elements, but an array can store only one type of
elements.
▪ List can grow dynamically in memory but the size of array is fixed and they
cannot grow dynamically.

The following are the characteristics of a Python list:

➢ Values are ordered
➢ Mutable
➢ A list can hold any number of values
➢ A list can add, remove, and modify the values

Syntax:
List-var =[ele1,ele2, …,elen]

Example,
k=[1,2,3,4,5,”python”]

List Operations:
Let us consider the list k=[1,2,3,4,5,”PYTHON”]
1. Indexing:
▪ For accessing an element of the list, indexing is used.
▪ List index starts from 0 in left to right method.
▪ Working from right to left, the first element has the index -1, the next one
-2 and so on, but left most element is still 0.
Example:
print k[2] # output is 3

2. Slicing:
▪ A slice of a list is sub-list.
▪ Slicing using to access range of elements.
▪ This operation using two indices, separated by colon(:).
▪ First index is the starting point to extraction starts and second index is the
last point to be stop.
Example
Print k[2:5] #output is 3,4,5

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

3. Joining two list:

▪ Concatenate two lists together.
▪ The plus(+) operator used to concatenate two list

Example
a= [1,2,3]
b=[4,5]
c=a+b
print c # it produce [1,2,3,4,5]

4. Repeating list:
▪ Multiplying a list by an integer n creates a new list that repeats the original
list n times.
▪ The operator * is used to repeating the list by n times.
Example
a=[1,2,3]
print (a*3) # It produce [1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3]
------------------------------------------
List functions and methods:
1. len(): It is used to get the length of a list.

Example:
k=[]
for i in range(0,3):
el=input("enter value")
k.append(el)
print(k)

print(len(k))

2. append(): To add an item to the end of a list.

Example
k=[]
for i in range(0,3):
el=input("enter value")
k.append(el)
print(k)

3. insert(): To insert a new element at the specified location.

Example
k=[]
for i in range(0,3):
el=input("enter value")

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

k.append(el)
print(k)

k.insert(5,30)
print(k)

4. remove(value):
To remove the first occurrence of the specified element from the list.

Example
k=[]
for i in range(0,3):
el=input("enter value")
k.append(el)
print(k)

k.remove(20)
print(k)
5. sort(): This function used to sort/arrange the list item.

Example
k=[]
for i in range(0,3):
el=input("enter value")
k.append(el)
print(k)

k.sort()
print(k)

6. reverse(): This function reverse the list elements.

Example
k=[]
for i in range(0,3):
el=input("enter value")
k.append(el)
print(k)

print(k.reverse())

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

7. count(value): To find the number of times a value occurs in a list.

8. extend(): To add the items in one list to an existing another list.
9. pop(): To returns and remove the rightmost element from the list.

IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK USING LIST:

Stack is a linear collection of data elements, where insertion and deletion
takes place at only one end called top; it works under the manner of LIFO [Last
In First Out].
Example Program to illustrate implementation of stack using list:
stack = []
def Push():
print("Enter element to Push:")
ele = input()
stack.append(ele)
def Pop():
if len(stack) == 0:
print("Stack is underflow")
else:
print("Popped element =", stack.pop())
def Display():
if len(stack) == 0:
print("Stack is underflow")
else:
print(stack, ":top")

while (1):
print("1. Push\n2. Pop\n3. Display\n4. Exit")
n = int(input("Enter your choice: "))
if n == 1:
Push()
elif n == 2:
Pop()
elif n == 3:
Display()
elif n == 4:

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

break
else:
print("Invalid input")

IMPLEMENTATION OF STACK USING LIST:

Queue is a linear collection of data elements, where insertion takes place
at rear end and deletion takes place at front end, it works under the manner of
FIFO[First In First Out].
Example Program to illustrate implementation of queue using list:
queue = []
queue.append('a')
queue.append('b')
queue.append('c')
print("Initial queue")
print(queue)
print("\nElements dequeued from queue")
print(queue.pop(0))
print(queue.pop(0))
print(queue.pop(0))
print("\nQueue after removing elements")
print(queue)

NESTED LIST:
A list contains another list is called nested list.
Example:
L=[10,11,[100,200],[1000,2000,[111,222],12,13]
print(L)
print(list[3][3][0]) // print 111 value based on index value

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DICTIONARY
▪ A dictionary is an unordered collection, changeable and indexed.
▪ In Python dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and they have keys
and values.
▪ That means dictionary contains pair of elements such that first element
represents the key and the next one becomes its value.
▪ The key and value should be separated by a colon (:) and every pair should
be separated by comma.
▪ All the elements should be enclosed inside curly brackets.

Characteristics of a Dictionary:
▪ A dictionary is an unordered collection of objects.
▪ Values are accessed using a key

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

▪ A dictionary can shrink or grow as needed

▪ The contents of dictionaries can be modified.
▪ Dictionaries can be nested.
▪ Sequence operations, such as slice cannot be used with dictionary

Creating Python Dictionary

▪ Creating a dictionary is as simple as placing items inside curly
braces {} separated by commas.
▪ An item has a key and a corresponding value that is expressed as a pair
(key: value).

Example
my_dict = {} # empty dictionary

my_dict = {1: 'apple', 2: 'ball'} # dictionary with integer keys

my_dict = {'name': 'aaa', 1: [2, 4, 3]} # dictionary with mixed keys

OUTPUT:
{}
{1: 'apple', 2: 'ball'}
{'name': 'John', 1: [2, 4, 3]}

Accessing Elements from Dictionary

▪ While indexing is used with other data types to access values, a dictionary
uses keys.
▪ Keys can be used either inside square brackets [] or with
the get() method.

Example
my_dict = {'name': 'aaa', 'age': 26}
print(my_dict['name'])
print(my_dict.get('age'))

OUTPUT:
Jack
26

Operations or functions/methods in Dictionary:

1. clear()
2. copy()
3. get()
4. pop()
5. keys()
6. values()
7. items()
8. sorted()

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

1. clear():
▪ It removes all the items from the dictionary.
▪ The clear() method removes all items from the dictionary.

Example
d = {1: "one", 2: "two"}
d.clear()
print('d =', d)

Output
d = {}

2. copy()
They copy() method returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.

Example
original = {1:'one', 2:'two'}
new = original.copy()
print('Orignal: ', original)
print('New: ', new)
Output
Orignal: {1: 'one', 2: 'two'}
New: {1: 'one', 2: 'two'}

3. get()
▪ It returns the value from a dictionary associated with the name.
▪ The get() method returns the value for the specified key if key is in
dictionary.

Example
person = {'name': 'Phill', 'age': 22}
print('Name: ', person.get('name'))
print('Age: ', person.get('age'))
print('Salary: ', person.get('salary'))
print('Salary: ', person.get('salary', 0.0))

Output
Name: Phill
Age: 22
Salary: None
Salary: 0.0

4. pop():
It remove the last item in the dictionary.

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

Example
squares = {1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}
print(squares.pop(4))

5. keys()
▪ It returns list of all the keys used in the dictionary, in arbitrary order.
▪ The keys() method returns a view object that displays a list of all the keys
in the dictionary

Example
person = {'name': 'Phill', 'age': 22, 'salary': 3500.0}
print(person.keys())
empty_dict = {}
print(empty_dict.keys())

Output
dict_keys(['name', 'salary', 'age'])
dict_keys([])

6. values()
▪ It returns list of all values used in the dictionary.
▪ The values() method returns a view object that displays a list of all the
values in the dictionary.

Example
sales = { 'apple': 2, 'orange': 3, 'grapes': 4 }
print(sales.values())

Output
dict_values([2, 4, 3])

7. items()
▪ It returns list of tuple(key : value) used in the dictionary.
▪ The items() method returns a view object that displays a list of dictionary's
(key, value) tuple pairs.

Example
sales = { 'apple': 2, 'orange': 3, 'grapes': 4 }
print(sales.items())

Output
dict_items([('apple', 2), ('orange', 3), ('grapes', 4)])

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

8. sorted()
▪ The sorted() method returns a sorted dictionary elements.

Example
sales = { 'apple': 2, 'orange': 3, 'grapes': 4 }
print(sorted(sales))
Output
dict_items([('apple', 2), ('grapes', 4), ('orange', 3)])

Program to demonstrate use of Dictionaries:

Dict={6:60,7:70,1:10,2:20,3:30,4:40,5:50}
print(“dictionary elements are : “,Dict)
print(“length of the dictionary=”, len(Dict)
Dict.update({1:5})
print(“after updating dictionary elements are =”,Dict)
dict2=Dict.copy()
print(“After copy of dictionary, the dictionary 2 elements are:”,dist2)
Dict.pop(3)
print(“After removing an element = “,Dict)
print(“After sorted dictionary elements=”sorted(dict))
Dict.clear()
print(“After clearing elements from dictionary:,Dict)
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TUPLE
▪ A tuple is similar to list.
▪ A tuple contains group of elements which can be different types.
▪ These elements in the tuple are separated by commas and enclosed in
parentheses ().
▪ Tuple are immutable.
▪ Tuples once created cannot be modified.
▪ The tuple cannot change dynamically. That means a tuple can be treated
as read-only list.

Creation of tuple:
Tuple can be created by using Square braces or flower braces and
separated by comma operator.
Tuple_name [ele1,ele2,ele3,…]
Or
Tuple_name={ele1,ele2,ele3,…}

Operation or Built – in function / Methods of tuple

1] len():
This function is used to find the number of elements in the tuple

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

n=len(tuple)

2] count() :
This method is used to find the no of times a given element present in the
tuple.
m= tuple.count(20)

3] max() :
This method is used to find the Maximum element in the tuple.
large= Max(tuple)

4] min() :
This method is used to find the minimum element in the tuple.
Small = min(tuple)
tuple=(10,20,30,40,50,20)

Example program to illustrate tuple methods

n=len(tuple)
print(“Length of tuple = “,n)
m=tuple.count(20)
print(“No of times 20 present in tuple = “,m)
print(“Maximum element = ”,max(tuple))
print(“Minimum of element = “,min(tuple))

Output :
Length of tuple = 6
No of times 20 present in tuple =2
Maximum element =50
Minimum element=10
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SET
▪ A set is an unordered collection of items.
▪ Every set element is unique (no duplicates) and must be immutable (cannot
be changed).
▪ However, a set itself is mutable. We can add or remove items from it.
▪ Sets can also be used to perform mathematical set operations like union,
intersection, symmetric difference, etc.

Creating Python Sets

A set is created by placing all the items (elements) inside curly braces {},
separated by comma, or by using the built-in set() function.

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

# Different types of sets in Python

# set of integers
my_set = {1, 2, 3}
print(my_set)

# set of mixed datatypes

my_set = {1.0, "Hello", (1, 2, 3)}
print(my_set)

Output
{1, 2, 3}
{1.0, (1, 2, 3), 'Hello'}

Set Operations

Set Operations
Python provides the methods for performing set union, intersection,
difference, and symmetric difference operations.
Example:
s1 = {1, 4, 5, 6}
s2 = {1, 3, 6, 7}
print(s1.union(s2))
print(s1 | s2)
print(s1.intersection(s2))
print(s1 & s2)
print(s1.difference(s2))
print(s1 - s2)
print(s1.symmetric_difference(s2))
print(s1 ^ s2)

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LIST, DICTIONARY, TUPLE & SET Chapter 3

Operations or Built in functions / Methods of Sets:

1] len() :
This function is used to find the number of elements in the sets.
n= len(sets)
2] max() :
This method is used to find the Maximum elements in the sets .
large=max(sets)
3] min() :
This method is used to find the Minimum elements in the sets.
Small=min(sets)
4] add() :
This method is used to add new element into the sets.
sets.add(60)
5] discard() :
This method is used to remove particular element from the sets.
sets.discard(50)

Example program to illustrate set methods

sets={10,20,30,40,50,20}
n=len(sets)
print(“length of set = “,n)
print(“Maximum element = “,max(sets))
print(“Minimum element = “,min(sets))
sets.add(60)
print(sets)
sets.discard(50)
print(sets)
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Difference between list and tuple

LIST TUPLE
List are enclosed in square brackets [] Tuple are enclosed in parentheses ()
Element and size can be changed Can’t be changed.
Is a mutable object Is a Immutable object
It can grow and shrink as needed It is read only list

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