Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1. What is Docker?
1.2. Why Use Docker?
1.3. Docker vs. Virtual Machines

2. Getting Started
2.1. Installing Docker
2.2. Starting the Docker Service

3. Docker Basics
3.1. Containers vs. Virtual Machines
3.2. Running Your First Container

4. Docker Commands
4.1. Docker Images
4.2. Docker Containers
4.3. Docker Volumes
4.4. Docker Networking
4.5. Docker Compose

5. Docker Volumes
6. Docker Networking
7. Pushing Docker Images to Docker Hub
8. Dockerfiles
8.1. Sample Dockerfile Examples (Ubuntu, Apache2, Nginx, Node.js, React.js)
9. Basic Questions & Answers
 Docker
To run the docker, you have to start the docker service by the below command:
sudo systemctl start docker

Docker runs on Port 80. So, if you couldn’t run docker on your system. Then definitely, there is
some other service that will be running on Port 80 such as Nginx or apache2.
So, first stop that service which is running on Port 80 then, start the docker service.

Theory

● Docker is a tool for running applications in an isolated environment.

● Like to VM

Containers

Containers are an abstraction at the app layer that package code and dependencies together.
Multiple containers can run on the same machine and share the same OS kernel with other
containers, each running an isolated process in userspace.

Virtual Machines

Virtual machines are an abstraction of physical hardware turning one server into many servers.
The hypervisor allows multiple VMs to run on a single machine. Each VIM includes a full copy of
an OS, the app, necessary binaries and libraries taking up tens of GBs. VMs can also be slow to
boot.
To Install and configure the Docker on Ubuntu 22.04,
follow the below link:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu-22-0
4
 Docker Commands

S.NO Command Use Case

Docker Images
1. docker pull <image_name> To pull the docker image from the docker
hub.

2. docker images To list all images excluding hidden

intermediate images.

3. docker images -a To list only docker images id excluding

hidden intermediate images.

4. docker rmi <image_name> To remove the specific docker image.

5. docker history <tags:version> To see the image layer of docker.

6. docker image inspect <image_id> To check all the information related to the
image

7. docker image prune To delete all the images from the local server

8. docker image history <image_id> To see all the history related to the image

9. docker image save <image_id> < <desired_image_name>.tar To save the image and all the other
information like history,etc excludingmounted
volumes data.

10. docker image load <desire_image_name>.tar To get the image and all the otherinformation
too.

11. docker image import <desired_image_name>.tar To import the saved image from the
<new_desired_image_name> container as an image.

12. docker image push To push the image to registry such as

Dockerhub.
 Docker Container
13. docker run -p 8080:80 <image_name>:<tag> To run the container at the specific port
number with the image tag.

14. docker run -d -p <images_name>:<tag> To run the container at the specific port
number with the image tag with detach
mode.

15. docker ps To list all the running containers.

16. docker ps -a To list both all the running containers and

stopped containers.

17. docker stop <container_id> To stop the specific container.

18. docker start <container_id> To start the specific container.

19. docker rm <container_id> To remove the specific container.

20. docker rm $(docker ps -aq) To remove all the containers. But can’t
remove running containers.

21. docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) To remove all the running containers and
stopped containers.

22. docker run --name <container_id> -d -p 80:80 ngin :latest To give the name to the container.

23. docker e ec -it <container_id> bash To go into the container.

24. docker container prune -f To remove all the stopped containers.

25. docker inspect <container_id> To see all the details of the specific
container.

26. docker logs <container_id> To see all the logs of the specific container.
27. docker logs -f <container_id> To follow the logs or live logs.

28. Ctrl+p+q Whenever you exit from the container, the

container stops and exits. So, to get rid of
this, press these buttons when you are in the
container.

29. docker container top <container_id> To list all the processes running inside the
specific container.

30. docker container stats To see all the CPU utilization, Memory usage,
Inputs, Outputs about every container.

31. docker rename <container_id> <new_container_name> To change the container name.

32. docker container restart <container_id> To restart the container

33. docker container rename <container_id> <new_name> To rename the container.

34. docker container attach <container_id> To attach to the container again after
detaching it by -d argument.

35. docker kill <container_id> To kill the container.

36. docker container wait <container_id> Container will wait to kill or stop itself.
Whenever the container will stop or kill then,it
will notify the terminal by “0” status.

37. docker container pause <container_id> To pause the container.

38. docker container unpause <container_id> To unpause the container.

39. docker container port <container_id> To know the port mapping of the container
like
40. docker container create <container_name> <command> To create a container only, It will not start the
container. If you want to start the container
then, use docker container start
<container_name> command after this.

41. docker container diff <container_id> To observe the change in the container such
as files creation or deletion, etc from the
previous version.
Note: to check/follow the file creations or
deletion use the watch command:
watch ‘docker container diff
<container_id>’

42. docker container cp <source_file(from local)> To copy the files from the local to the
<container_id:/directory> container's file system.
Such as

43. docker container e port <container_id> -o To save the running/stopped container by

<desired_image_name>.tar importing it as a docker image.
If you want to import this image then, you
have to use docker image export command.

44. docker run --name <container_name> --volumes-from To share the container volume
<old_container_name> -d -p 8081:80 ngin :latest

45. docker rm $(docker stop $(docker ps -aq)) The final output of this command is to
remove the containers directly (Time
Saving).

46. docker container run -it --network <your_network_name> It will run the container and attach the
<image_name> network with the container as well.

Volumes
47. docker volume create To create the docker volume

48. docker volume inspect Get a detailed information of the docker

volumes
49. docker volume ls To list all the docker volumes

50. docker container commit --author “Author Name” -m “Commit To create the image from the running
Description” <container_id> <desired_image_name> container.

51. docker run --name <container_name> -v $(pwd) To link the file and send the file to the
:/usr/share/ngin /html/:ro -d -p 8080:80 ngin :latest container volume.

52. docker run -d --name 1st -v vocs:/var/lib/mysql -e It will create the docker volume too and run
MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD=true mysql the container as well. So, you don’t have to
write two commands separately instead of
doing both work in one individual command.

53. docker run -it -v It will bind mount your folder into the docker
/home/amanpathak/Documents/:/tmp/new/folder/ ubuntu:latest container.
bash If the destination folder is not present then, it
will auto create the folders that are not
created and If you update any file or folder
on the local machine or host machine then,
the same changes will happen on the docker
container such as modify the file content.

OR

It will do the same thing as above command,

docker run -it --mount but there are some changes that you can
notice here.
type=bind,source=$(pwd),target=/temp/upper/lower/ ubuntu
bash

Networking

54. docker network inspect <network_id> To get the all details regarding the docker
network driver

55. docker network create -d <network_type> It will create the network with network driver
<your_network_name> type as well.

56. docker container run -it --network <your_network_name> It will run the container and attach the
<image_name> network with the container as well.
57. docker container run -it --network=none <image_name> It will run the container with a null docker
network driver.

58. docker network connect <network_name> <container_name> To connect the container with th docker
network

59. docker network disconnect <network_name> <container_name> To disconnect the container with th docker
network

60. docker network prune To remove unused docker network

61. docker rm <network_name> To remove the specific docker network

62. docker network ls To list all the docker networks

Docker Compose
63. docker compose build Build or rebuild services

64. docker compose convert Converts the compose file to platform's

canonical format

65. docker compose cp Copy files/folders between a service

container and the local filesystem

66. docker compose create Creates containers for a service.

67. docker compose down Stop and remove containers, networks

68. docker compose events Receive real time events from containers.

69. docker compose e ec Execute a command in a running container.

70. docker compose images List images used by the created containers

71. docker compose kill Force stop service containers.

72. docker compose logs View output from containers

73. docker compose ls List running compose projects

74. docker compose pause Pause services

75. docker compose port Print the public port for a port binding.

76. docker compose ps List containers

77. docker compose pull Pull service images

78. docker compose push Push service images

79. docker compose restart Restart containers

80. docker compose rm Removes stopped service containers

81. docker compose run Run a one-off command on a service.

82. docker compose start Start services

83. docker compose stop Stop services

84.. docker compose top Display the running processes

85.. docker compose unpause Unpause services

86. docker compose up Create and start containers

87. docker compose version Show the Docker Compose version

information

88. docker search <image_name> Allows you to search for Docker images
available on Docker Hub or other container
registries.

89. docker system prune This command cleans up unused data such
as containers, networks, and volumes.
Useful for freeing up disk space.

90. docker network inspect <network_name> Provides detailed information about a

specific Docker network, including its
configuration and containers connected to it.

91. docker-compose up -d Starts containers defined in a Docker

Compose file in detached mode, running
them in the background.

92. docker-compose ps -q Lists only the container IDs of containers

defined in a Docker Compose file.

93. docker-compose stop Stops containers defined in a Docker

Compose file without removing them.

94. docker-compose restart Restarts containers defined in a Docker

Compose file.
95. docker-compose logs -f Displays and follows the logs of all
containers defined in a Docker Compose file
in real-time.

96. docker-compose e ec <service_name> <command> Executes a command in a specific service

container defined in a Docker Compose file.

96. docker inspect -f '{{range Retrieves the IP address of a running

.NetworkSettings.Networks}}{{.IPAddress}}{{end}}' container.
<container_id>

97. docker image prune -a Removes all unused images, not justdangling
ones.

98. docker-compose down -v Stops and removes containers defined in a

Docker Compose file, including associated
volumes.

99. docker-compose logs <service_name> Displays the logs of a specific service

container defined in a Docker Compose file.

100. docker-compose build <service_name> Rebuilds a specific service defined in a

Docker Compose file.

101. docker-compose scale Scales the number of containers for a

<service_name>=<number_of_instances> specific service in a Docker Compose file.
 Things you need to know about

Docker Volumes:
For the Docker Volume Demo, Go through the video

Docker Volume Demo of MySQL

 Docker Networking
The default network driver in the docker network is bridge. But if you want the network driver as
per your want, then you can create it and then attach it with the docker container.
There are multiple types of docker network drivers such as bridge, host, macvlan, ipvlan,
overlay, none.
Docker takes care of the networking aspects so that the containers can communicate with other
containers and also with the Docker Host. If you do an ifconfig on the Docker Host, you will see
the Docker Ethernet adapter. This adapter is created when Docker is installed on the Docker
Host.

Docker Networking (Bridge Network)

enp0s10: | en| | --> ethernet v | p0| --> bus number (0) v s10 --> slot number (10)

This is a bridge between the Docker Host and the Linux Host.

Whenever you run a container, it by default attaches with a bridge network driver but if you want
to attach with your desired network driver then, you can do it by the command, in which you
have to specify the network name (assuming that network is already created by you).
Docker Container 1 under the Docker network 1 can access or communicate with Docker
Container 2 and Docker Container 3. Also Every Docker Container can communicate with any
other Docker Container, if that Container is under the same Docker network.
But, any docker container of docker network 1 can’t communicate with any docker container of
docker network 2 because the network is not the same.
So, to access or communicate with other docker network’s containers you can do it with the help
of port mapping.
-> Create two network for Docker containers

-> Create two Docker Containers, First for ubuntu and other one for nginx(with port open by -P
argument)

-> details of nginx docker container, Remember the IP

-> details of ubuntu docker container, Remember the IP

-> Remember the IP of the host machine

-> Check that Port is open or Not.

-> enter in the ubuntu container and use wget to check that the container will communicate with
another network’s container or not.
But as you can see, the wget is not installed then install it first.
-> Now, enter the command wget:<host_machine_ip>

You can see here, that the different docker network container is accessible and can
communicate with the different docker network container.
You can also ping or access the docker container within the same network by the hostname and container
name as well.
I. Create a network
Ii. Create two container, both must be running in detach mode
Iii. Go in the first container and copy the hostname of it by the hostname command.
Iv. Go in the second container and run the command ping <hostname_container1>

The Output will look like this:

a host type network driver works as a host.

When you launch a container using a host network driver, then the network will not be in an
isolated environment, but the rest of things apart from the network driver will be in an isolated
environment.

When you want to run the docker container with no network driver then, it is a null network
driver.

We cannot attach any network to a container that has none network already attached and we cannot
attach any network if the container is having a host network attach(host cannot be connected to any other
network).
 Dockerhub Push commands
This command will build the docker image
docker build --tag ubuntu-mine:latest .

This command will give the tag to the docker image

docker tag ubuntu-mine:latest avian19/custom-ubuntu:latest

This command will push the docker image to Dockerhub/ECR/ACR

docker push avian19/custom-ubuntu:latest

 Dockerfiles
The use Of ENTRYPOINT

Ubuntu and Some other Configurations

FROM ubuntu:latest

RUN apt-get update -y

RUN apt-get install nginx -y

RUN apt-get install -y apt-utils

RUN service nginx start

RUN groupadd -r user && useradd -r -g user user

RUN mkdir youtube

RUN chown user:user youtube

RUN chown user:user youtube && touch test123.txt

WORKDIR app/

RUN echo "This is a text file" > abc.txt

CMD echo "This is For Sure"

USER user

EXPOSE 80

Apache2/httpd

FROM httpd:latest

COPY . /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/

EXPOSE 80

Nginx

FROM nginx:1.23.0-alpine

COPY . /usr/share/nginx/html/

EXPOSE 80

Nodejs

FROM node:16-alpine

WORKDIR app/

ADD ./package*.json ./

RUN npm install

ADD . .

CMD node index.js

EXPOSE 3000

Reactjs
FROM node:16-alpine

WORKDIR app/

ADD package*.json ./

RUN npm install --silent

RUN npm install react-script@3.4.1 -g --silent

CMD [“npm”, “start”]

EXPOSE 3000