Model Question Paper -2

answer the following 2 mark questions

 why the internet is often referred to as a “giant wide area network (WAN)”?

The internet is often called a "giant wide area network (WAN)" because it connects
countless devices, computers, and networks across the globe. It functions similarly to a
WAN, which is a network that spans a large geographical area. The internet connects
multiple smaller networks (such as LANs and MANs) using various technologies to
create a vast, interconnected network accessible to users worldwide.

 what is a web server?

A web server is a software application or hardware device that stores, processes, and
delivers web content to users' browsers upon request. It hosts websites, web applications,
and multimedia resources like images and videos. When a user accesses a URL, the web
server processes the request, retrieves the relevant content, and sends it to the user's
browser for display.

 what is big data?

Big data refers to extremely large and complex datasets that cannot be easily managed or
processed using traditional database management tools. It encompasses three main
dimensions: volume (large data size), velocity (high data ingestion speed), and variety
(diverse data types). Big data is often characterized by its potential to reveal insights,
patterns, and trends when analyzed using advanced technologies.

 what is server-side scripting?

Server-side scripting involves writing and executing scripts on the web server to generate
dynamic content that is sent to the user's browser. These scripts are processed on the
server before the content is delivered. Server-side scripting is used for tasks like
processing form data, accessing databases, and generating personalized content based on
user interactions.

 what is Node.js

Node.js is an open-source runtime environment that allows developers to build server-

side applications using JavaScript. It uses an event-driven, non-blocking architecture,
making it particularly suitable for building scalable and high-performance applications,
such as web servers and real-time applications.

 what is a non-relational database or NoSQL?

 1. A non-relational database, often referred to as NoSQL (which stands for "Not
Only SQL"), is a type of database system designed to store and manage data in
ways that differ from traditional relational databases. NoSQL databases are often
more flexible in handling unstructured or semi-structured data, and they provide
high scalability and performance for certain use cases. Examples include
document stores, key-value stores, column-family stores, and graph databases.

answer the following with 5 marks

 write the feature of VoIP

Features of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): VoIP enables voice communication
over the internet by converting audio signals into data packets. Its features include:

o Cost Efficiency: Lower call costs compared to traditional telephone services.

o Flexibility: Can be used on various devices with an internet connection.
o Rich Media: Supports not only voice but also video and text communication.
o Global Reach: Allows international calls without significant additional charges.
o Integration: Can be integrated with other applications and services.
 explain the requested message body with examples

The requested message body in web communication is the content sent from a client
(usually a web browser) to a server as part of an HTTP request. It typically occurs in
POST requests where data is submitted to the server. Examples include:

o A user submitting a registration form on a website, sending their username, email,

and password to the server.
o Uploading an image to a social media platform by including the image file in the
message body of the POST request.
 explain the query process in web IR with an example

In web information retrieval, the query process involves sending a user's search terms to a
search engine, which retrieves relevant web pages. Example: If a user searches for "best
hiking trails," the search engine analyzes the query and retrieves web pages containing
information about popular hiking trails, presenting them in search results.

 what is CSS? Write the feature of CSS

CSS is a stylesheet language used to define the visual presentation of HTML and XML
documents. Its features include:

o Separation of Style: Allows separation of content (HTML) and presentation

(CSS).
o Selective Styling: Enables targeting specific elements for styling, improving
design flexibility.
 o Cascading: Supports a hierarchy of styles, allowing inheritance and overwriting of
properties.
o Responsive Design: Enables the creation of responsive layouts for different screen
sizes.
o External Stylesheets: Allows styles to be defined in separate files, promoting
reusability.
 what is angular JS framework? explain its features

AngularJS is a JavaScript framework for building dynamic web applications. Its features
include:

o Two-Way Data Binding: Automatic synchronization between data and UI

elements.
o Dependency Injection: Efficient management of components and their
dependencies.
o Directives: Custom HTML elements and attributes for creating reusable
components.
o MVC Architecture: Helps in structuring applications by separating concerns.
o Testing: Supports unit testing and e2e (end-to-end) testing for application quality.
 explain the different approaches in contextual retrieval

Contextual retrieval involves considering the context surrounding a user's query to

enhance relevance. Different approaches include:

o Query Expansion: Adding related terms to the original query to capture more
relevant results.
o Relevance Feedback: Using user feedback to refine search results over iterations.
o User Profiling: Analyzing user behavior to tailor search results to their
preferences.
o Temporal Context: Considering the time when the query was made to prioritize
recent information.
o Spatial Context: Incorporating location information to provide geographically
relevant results.
o Social Context: Utilizing social connections to influence search results based on
friends' activities.

answer the following question in 8marks

 explain the Internet protocol stack

The Internet Protocol stack, also known as the TCP/IP stack, is a set of networking
protocols that enable communication between devices over the internet. It's organized
into layers, each responsible for specific tasks:

o Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection between devices and the
transmission of raw bits.
 o Data Link Layer: Handles framing, addressing, and error detection at the link
level.
o Network Layer: Manages routing and logical addressing, as well as breaking
data into packets.
o Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data delivery and error correction. Common
protocols include TCP and UDP.
o Application Layer: Provides application-level services for end-users, including
protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP.
 what is web service? explain how it works.

A web service is a software component that exposes specific functionalities over the
internet using standardized protocols, primarily HTTP. It allows different applications to
communicate and exchange data irrespective of their underlying technologies. Web
services work based on these principles:

o Publish: The provider publishes the service on the web.

o Discover: Potential users discover the service using protocols like UDDI or
through documentation.
o Bind: Users access the service using its description (usually in WSDL format)
and interact with it.
o Use: The user's application sends requests to the service, which processes them
and returns responses, often in XML or JSON format.
 explain the application tools and technologies in Web 2.0

Web 2.0 introduced a range of interactive and collaborative tools and technologies for
user-generated content. Examples include:

o Blogs: Platforms like WordPress enabled easy content creation and sharing.
o Wikis: Wikipedia and other wikis allowed collaborative content editing.
o Social Media: Networks like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn facilitated social
interactions.
o RSS Feeds: Subscriptions to website updates using Really Simple Syndication.
o Rich Internet Applications (RIAs): Applications with enhanced interactivity,
often using AJAX.
 explain client slide scripting and server-side scripting in detail with an example
o Client-Side Scripting: Scripts executed in the user's browser to enhance
interactivity. Common languages include JavaScript. Example: A form validation
script that checks if a user's email address is correctly formatted before
submission.
o Server-Side Scripting: Scripts executed on the web server to generate dynamic
content before sending it to the user's browser. Common languages include PHP,
Python, and Ruby. Example: A server-side script that retrieves user-specific data
from a database and generates a personalized webpage.
 explain control structures in PHP

Control structures in PHP determine the flow of execution based on conditions and loops:
 o Conditional Statements: if, else, elseif, switch - Execute different code
blocks based on conditions.
o Loops: for, while, do-while, foreach - Repeat code blocks until conditions are
met.
o Branching: break, continue - Control loop behavior by breaking or skipping
iterations.
o Error Handling: try, catch, throw - Manage errors and exceptions in code
execution.
 explain the categories of non-relational or no SQL databases