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Science Sample Paper With Answer

This document is a sample science test paper for Class X, consisting of 39 questions divided into 5 sections, with a total of 80 marks and a duration of 3 hours. The sections include objective questions, very short, short, long answer questions, and source-based assessments. The paper covers various topics in science, including chemical reactions, plant biology, and physical science principles.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

2 views47 pages

Science Sample Paper With Answer

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prathiyangara12

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SAMPLE PAPER TEST 01 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023

SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS : 80

CLASS : X DURATION : 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A
student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.
3. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions
should in the range of 30 to 50 words.
5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these
questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words
6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-
parts.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. The diagram shows the reaction between metal and dil. acid. What is the reason for different
behaviour of Mg in test tube B?

(a) Mg is lighter element than dil. HCI.

2. What is the difference in the molecular mass of any two adjacent homologues?
(a) 14 amu (b) 15 amu (c) 16 amu (d) 17 amu

3. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?

(a) Infinity (b) Zero (c) 1 (d) + 1

4. The diagram below shows a leaf that was covered by a piece of black paper for a period of 3
days. After 3 days, the paper was removed. On testing, it was found that the area under the black
paper tested negative for starch and the rest tested positive for starch. What was the experiment
trying to test?
(a) If plants make their own food
(b) If light is required for plants to make food
(c) If plants can respire in the absence of light
(d) If plants can survive even in the absence of light
5. A current-carrying conductor is held as shown:

7. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the circuit:

(a) vary continuously (b) does not change (c) reduces substantially (d) increases heavily

8. The graph below shows the variation of force acting on a conductor with current:
After analyzing the graph, a student noted the following. Select the correct statement:
(a) The force acting on a conductor increases exponentially with increase in current.
(b) The force acting on a conductor decreases exponentially with increase in current.
(c) The force acting on a conductor increases linearly with increase in current.
(d) The force acting on a conductor decreases linearly with increase in current.

10. What is the minimum resistance which can be made using the following resistors?

(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 3 Ω

11. In the given diagram, when the magnet is pushed into the solenoid, the pointer of the
galvanometer deflects slightly to the left. Which of the following changes would cause the
pointer to deflect through a larger angle?

(a) Move the magnet faster. (b) Move the magnet away from the solenoid.
(c) Unwind some of the turns of the solenoid. (d) Keep the magnet stationary.

14. In the given reaction : ZnO + C → Zn + CO.

I. ZnO is being oxidised.
II. CO is being reduced.
III. C is being oxidised.
IV. ZnO is being reduced.
Choose the correct statement.
(a) I and II only (b) III and IV only (c) I, II, and III only (d) All of these
15. Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making :
(i) washing soda (ii) bleaching powder (iii) baking soda (iv) slaked lime
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)

16. A straight wire is placed between two poles of a magnet as shown in figure. If an alternating
current passing through a wire then wire will

(a) Move into the page only (b) Move out of the page only
(c) Move out and into the page (d) Remain stationary

Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions. These consist of two statements –

Assertion (a) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given
below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

18. Assertion (A): Unisexual flowers have separate male and female flowers.
Reason (R): Cucumber, pumpkin and watermelon are the examples of unisexual flowers.

20. Assertion (a): The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important during
daytime.
Reason (R): Transpiration pull is the major driving force in movement of water during the day.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Identify the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following reactions.
(a) HC1(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCI(aq) + H2O(l)
(b) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
OR
A teacher provided acetic acid, water, lemon juice, aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen
carbonate and sodium hydroxide to students in the school laboratory to determine the pH values
of these substances using pH papers. One of the students reported the pH values of the given
substances as 3, 12, 4, 8 and 14 respectively. Which one of these values is not correct? Write its
correct value stating the reason.

22. (a) Which plant hormone is present in greater concentration in the areas of rapid cell division?
(b) Give one example of a plant growth promoter and a plant growth inhibitor.
23. (a) What is the unit of current? Express it in terms of charge and time.
(b) The following table gives the value of resistivity of some materials:
Material Resistivity (Ohm-m)
A 44 × 10–6
B 1010 – 1012
C 1.62 × 10–6
D 1015 – 1017
Which material would you suggest to be used in electric heating devices? Give reason for your
choice.
OR
(a) On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?
(b) Calculate the resistance of an aluminium cable of length 10 km and diameter 2.0 mm if the
resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 × 10–8 m.

24. What is a rainbow? Draw a well labelled diagram to show the formation of a rainbow.

25. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?

26. Give reasons for the following observations:

(a) Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity.
(b) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by heating them with carbon.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling point
(b) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state
(c) Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are somewhat hard.

28. (a) What is a solenoid?

(b) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of (i) a current carrying solenoid and (ii) a bar
magnet.
OR
Suppose your parents have constructed a two room house and you want that in the living room
there should be a provision of one electric bulb, one electric fan, a refrigerator and a plug point
for appliances of power upto 2 kilowatt. Draw a circuit diagram showing electric fuse and
earthing as safety devices.

29. Sahil took five solutions A, B, C, D and E and tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4,
1, 11, 7 and 9 respectively. Which solution is: (a) Neutral (b) Strongly alkaline (c) Strongly
acidic (d) Weakly acidic (E) Weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.

30. (a) Describe how a squirrel uses its hormonal system to react to a dangerous situation.
(b) How do sensory and motor neurons differ from one another?

32. (a) What is an ecosystem? List its two main components.

(b) ‘The number of trophic levels in a food chain is limited’. Justify the statement.

33. Trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright light is focused on your eyes.
OR
List in tabular form three distinguishing features between autotrophic nutrition and
heterotrophic nutrition.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 60 cm in front of a mirror by
keeping the candle flame at a distance of 15 cm from its pole.
(a) Which type of mirror should the student use?
(b) Find the magnification of the image produced.
(c) Find the distance between the object and its image.
(d) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case and mark the distance between
the object and its image.
OR
(a) Name the lens which can be used as a magnifying glass. For which position of the object a
convex lens form: (i) a real and inverted image of the same size as that of the object? (ii) a
virtual and erect image? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer in each case.
(b) One half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete
image of the object? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer.

36. Name three different glands associated with the structures labelled in digestive system as shown
in figure. Also write their secretions and their functions.

OR
(a) Define excretion.
(b) Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
(c) Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system
which perform following functions: (i) form urine. (ii) is a long tube which collects urine from
kidney. (iii) store urine until it is passed out.
SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)
Questions 35 to 37 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Bacteria follow an asexual mode of reproduction, called binary fission. A single bacterium
divides into two daughter cells. These are identical to the parent cell as well as to each other.
Replication of DNA within parent bacterium marks the beginning of the fission. Eventually, cell
elongates to form two daughter cells.
The diagram shows the process of binary fission in bacteria

(a) (i) What is the process of the division of a cell into several cells during reproduction in
Plasmodium?

(ii) A Planaria worm is cut horizontally in the middle into two halves P and Q such that the part
P contains the whole head of the worm. Another Planaria worm is cut vertically into two halves
R and S in such a way that both the cut pieces R and S contain half head each. Which of the cut
pieces of the two Planaria worms could regenerate to form the complete respective worms?

(b) The rapid spreading of bread would on slices of bread is due to spore formation. Explain
spore formation.
OR

(b) Suppose a bacterium reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes. The new cells survive
and reproduce at the same rate. The graph below shows how the bacterial population would
grow from a single bacterium. What do you conclude?
38. Case Study – 2
Manoj performed an experiment to understand that heat is produced when a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly added into a beaker containing water. For this, he took 10
mL water in a beaker and added a few drops of concentrated H2SO4 to it. Then, he swirled the
beaker slowly. During the process, a vigourous reaction takes place. It is an exothermic process.

(a) Why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
(b) How will the concentration of hydrogen ions gets affected if an acid is diluted?
(c) What is this process called? Define the process.
OR
If we have hydrochloric acid and acetic acid of equal concentration, which will be a stronger
acid and why?

39. Case Study – 3

A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on the walls of the school laboratory by
using a mirror.
(a) Which type of mirror should he use and why?
(b) At what distance, in terms of focal length of the mirror, should he place the candle flame to
get the magnified image on the wall?
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of the image in this case.
OR
(d) (i) To get the diminished image of the candle flame, where the object must be placed?
(ii) If the image formed by this mirror is inverted and real, then what will be its magnification?
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 01 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS : 80
CLASS : X DURATION : 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This question paper consists of 39 questions in 5 sections.
2. All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some questions. A
student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.
3. Section A consists of 20 objective type questions carrying 1 mark each.
4. Section B consists of 6 Very Short questions carrying 02 marks each. Answers to these questions
should in the range of 30 to 50 words.
5. Section C consists of 7 Short Answer type questions carrying 03 marks each. Answers to these
questions should in the range of 50 to 80 words
6. Section D consists of 3 Long Answer type questions carrying 05 marks each. Answer to these
questions should be in the range of 80 to 120 words.
7. Section E consists of 3 source-based/case-based units of assessment of 04 marks each with sub-
parts.

SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. The diagram shows the reaction between metal and dil. acid. What is the reason for different
behaviour of Mg in test tube B?

(a) Mg is lighter element than dil. HCI.

(b) Mg reacts with dil. HC1 to produce H2 gas which helps in floating.
(c) Mg reacts with dil. HC1 to produce N2 gas which helps in floating.
(d) Mg reacts with dil. HCI to produce CO2 gas which helps in floating.
Ans: (b) Mg reacts with dil. HC1 to produce H2 gas which helps in floating.
All metals reacts with dil. HCl and dil. sulphuric acid except for few less reactive metals like
copper, mercury, gold, silver, etc. Since, Zn, Fe and Cu are less reactive, so they do not react
with acid. Mg on the other hand is more reactive, so it reacts with HC1 to form hydrogen gas,
which helps in floating.
2. What is the difference in the molecular mass of any two adjacent homologues?
(a) 14 amu (b) 15 amu (c) 16 amu (d) 17 amu
Ans: (a) 14 amu
Two successive homologues would differ by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms in terms
of atoms in their molecules and thus differ by 14 amu in terms of molecular mass.
3. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
(a) Infinity (b) Zero (c) 1 (d) + 1
Ans: (a) Infinity
The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity. The focal length of a plane mirror is infinity as the
image can be formed at infinite distance inside the mirror. This is due to the parallel rays after
reflection through a plane mirror meet again at infinity.
4. The diagram below shows a leaf that was covered by a piece of black paper for a period of 3
days. After 3 days, the paper was removed. On testing, it was found that the area under the black
paper tested negative for starch and the rest tested positive for starch. What was the experiment
trying to test?

(a) If plants make their own food

(b) If light is required for plants to make food
(c) If plants can respire in the absence of light
(d) If plants can survive even in the absence of light
Ans: (b) If light is required for plants to make food
Leaf exposed to sunlight give iodine test, proving that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis.

5. A current-carrying conductor is held as shown:

In which direction should current be passed in the conductor in order to produce a clockwise
magnetic field around the conductor?
(a) North to South (b) South to North (c) East to West (d) West to East
Ans: (a) North to South
The direction of current in the conductor should be from top to bottom i.e., from North to South
direction. It is given that the current-carrying conductor is held in exactly vertical direction. In
order to produce a clockwise magnetic field around the conductor, the current should be passed
in the conductor from top to bottom. It is concluded by applying right-hand thumb rule.

6. For a current in a long straight solenoid N-pole and S-pole are created at the two ends. Among
the following statements, the incorrect statement is:
(a) The field lines inside the solenoid are in the form of straight lines which indicates that the
magnetic field is the same at all points inside the solenoid.
(b) The strong magnetic field produced inside the solenoid can be used to magnetise a piece of
magnetic material like soft iron, when placed inside the coil.
(c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the pattern of
the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
(d) The N-pole and S-pole exchange position when the direction of current through the solenoid
is reversed.
Ans: (c) The pattern of the magnetic field associated with the solenoid is different from the
pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.
A solenoid behaves like a bar magnet. Hence, the pattern of the magnetic field associated with
the solenoid is same as the pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet.

7. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the circuit:

(a) vary continuously (b) does not change (c) reduces substantially (d) increases heavily
Ans: (d) increases heavily
A short circuit in an electrical circuit allows a current to travel along an unintended path, often
where essentially no (or a very low) electrical impedance is encountered. An example of it is
when the positive and negative terminals of a battery are connected with a low-resistance
conductor, like a wire. With low resistance in the connection, a high current exists, causing the
cell to deliver a large amount of energy in a short time. Hence, during a short circuit, the current
in the circuit increases heavily.

8. The graph below shows the variation of force acting on a conductor with current:

After analyzing the graph, a student noted the following. Select the correct statement:
(a) The force acting on a conductor increases exponentially with increase in current.
(b) The force acting on a conductor decreases exponentially with increase in current.
(c) The force acting on a conductor increases linearly with increase in current.
(d) The force acting on a conductor decreases linearly with increase in current.
Ans: (c) The force acting on a conductor increases linearly with increase in current.
The graph between the force and current is a straight line which shows that force varies linearly
with current.

9. In a study it was found that fused ear lobes were found in more numbers within a population
rather than free ear lobes. What can you infer from the above observation with respect to
dominant/ recessive trait?
(a) Fused ear lobes – dominant (b) Free ear lobes – dominant
(c) Fused ear lobes – recessive (d) Both are dominant
Ans: (a) Fused ear lobes – dominant
It can be inferred from the observation that fused ear lobes is a dominant trait whereas free ear
lobes are a recessive trait.

10. What is the minimum resistance which can be made using the following resistors?

(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 3 Ω

Ans: (a) 1 Ω
The minimum resistance can be obtained by connecting resistances in parallel. When four
resistors each of resistance 4 Ohms are connected in parallel, we get,
1 1 1 1 1
     1  R  1
R 4 4 4 4
Therefore, minimum resistance = 1 Ohm.

(a) Move the magnet faster. (b) Move the magnet away from the solenoid.
(c) Unwind some of the turns of the solenoid. (d) Keep the magnet stationary.
Ans: (a) Move the magnet faster.
On moving the magnet faster, the change in net magnetic field associated with the solenoid will
be more and hence more e.m.f. will be induced.

12. Manish’s mother was baking cake in the kitchen. When Manish came back from school, he
detected smell of hot cake from the drawing room. Why?
(a) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in forebrain
(b) Due to the presence of taste buds
(c) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in midbrain
(d) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in hindbrain
Ans: (a) Due to the presence of olfactory receptors in forebrain
Our nose contains olfactory receptors that can recognize the aroma of hot food. The olfactory
lobes of the forebrain receive this information via nerve impulse and interpret it.

13. Which of the following is not the role of decomposers in the ecosystem?
(a) They clean the environment.
(b) They decompose non-biodegradable substances.
(c) They participate in food chain.
(d) They replenish the nutrients in the soil.
Ans: (b) They decompose non-biodegradable substances.
Decomposers are the microorganisms which breakdown complex organic substances into simple
inorganic substances. They are very important in the ecosystem as:
(1) They decompose biodegradable substances into useful substances like manure. They thus
clean the environment.
(2) Decomposed substances go back to the soil and can be used by the plants again. Thus,
decomposers participate in the food cycle by replenishing the nutrients of the soil.

14. In the given reaction : ZnO + C → Zn + CO.

I. ZnO is being oxidised.
II. CO is being reduced.
III. C is being oxidised.
IV. ZnO is being reduced.
Choose the correct statement.
(a) I and II only (b) III and IV only (c) I, II, and III only (d) All of these
Ans: (b) III and IV only
When zinc oxide is heated with coke, carbon monoxide and zinc are formed.
ZnO + C → Zn + CO
Zinc oxide gives oxygen to carbon. It is oxidation of carbon and reduction of zinc oxide. Carbon
is a reducing agent and zinc oxide is an oxidising agent. ZnO loses oxygen during the reaction.
So, ZnO is reduced.

15. Common salt besides being used in kitchen can also be used as the raw material for making :
(i) washing soda (ii) bleaching powder (iii) baking soda (iv) slaked lime
(a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) (c) (i) and (iii) (d) (i), (iii) and (iv)
Ans: (c) (i) and (iii)
The common salt obtained is an important raw material for various other materials of daily use,
such as sodium hydroxide, baking soda, washing soda and many more.

16. A straight wire is placed between two poles of a magnet as shown in figure. If an alternating
current passing through a wire then wire will

(a) Move into the page only (b) Move out of the page only
(c) Move out and into the page (d) Remain stationary
Ans: (c) Move out and into the page
The direction of the current flowing in the conducting wire change alternatively when it is
connected to an alternating current supply.

Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions. These consist of two statements –

17. Assertion (A): In Fleming's left hand rule, the direction of magnetic field, force and current are
mutually perpendicular.
Reason (R): Fleming's left hand rule is applied to measure the induced current.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
It is used to find the direction of force in a current carrying conductor in the presence of
magnetic field.

18. Assertion (A): Unisexual flowers have separate male and female flowers.
Reason (R): Cucumber, pumpkin and watermelon are the examples of unisexual flowers.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)
Unisexual flowers have separate male and female flowers. The example includes cucum-ber,
pumpkin and watermelon.

19. Assertion (a): Non–biodegradable substances are those substances which cannot be broken
down into simpler harmless substances in nature.
Reason (R): Non–biodegradable substances can cause air pollution and make the air poisonous
when burnt.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Non-biodegradable substances are the substances that cannot be broken down into simpler
substances by biological processes. They persist in the environment for a long time and may
cause harm to the various members of the ecosystem. Non-biodegradable substances like
plastic can cause air pollution when they are burnt.
20. Assertion (a): The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important during
daytime.
Reason (R): Transpiration pull is the major driving force in movement of water during the day.
Ans: (d) A is false but R is true.
The effect of root pressure in transport of water is more important during night time as during
the day, when stomata are open, the transpiration pull becomes the major driving force in the
transport of water in the xylem.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Identify the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following reactions.
(a) HC1(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCI(aq) + H2O(l)
(b) Fe(s) + CuSO4(aq) → FeSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Ans: (a) Double displacement reaction (b) Displacement reaction
OR
A teacher provided acetic acid, water, lemon juice, aqueous solution of sodium hydrogen
carbonate and sodium hydroxide to students in the school laboratory to determine the pH values
of these substances using pH papers. One of the students reported the pH values of the given
substances as 3, 12, 4, 8 and 14 respectively. Which one of these values is not correct? Write its
correct value stating the reason.
Ans: The pH value of water given is incorrect. Its correct value is 7 since it is neutral in nature.

22. (a) Which plant hormone is present in greater concentration in the areas of rapid cell division?
(b) Give one example of a plant growth promoter and a plant growth inhibitor.
Ans: (a) Cytokinin. (b) Plant Growth Promoter: Auxin/Gibberellin. Plant Growth Inhibitor:
Abscisic acid (ABA).

23. (a) What is the unit of current? Express it in terms of charge and time.
(b) The following table gives the value of resistivity of some materials:
Material Resistivity (Ohm-m)
A 44 × 10–6
B 1010 – 1012
C 1.62 × 10–6
D 1015 – 1017
Which material would you suggest to be used in electric heating devices? Give reason for your
choice.
Ans: (a) The SI unit of current is Ampere. Current (I) can be expressed in terms of the charge
(Q) flowing in time (t) as: I = Q /t
(b) As materials used in electric heating devices are generally made up of alloys having
resistivity in the range of 10–8 Ohm m to 10–6 Ohm–m, material A will be used for electric
heating devices as it’s resistivity is more than that of C, which is a metal since its resistivity is
very low. B and D are insulators as they have very high resistivity.
OR
(a) On what factors does the resistance of a conductor depend?
(b) Calculate the resistance of an aluminium cable of length 10 km and diameter 2.0 mm if the
resistivity of aluminium is 2.7 × 10–8 m.
Ans: (a) Resistance of a conductor depends on the following factors:
(1) Length of the conductor
(2) Area of cross section of the conductor
(3) Nature of material of the conductor
(4) Temperature of the conductor
(b) Given: l = 10 km = 10000 m; d = 2 mm; r = 1 mm = 10–3 m; r = 2.7 × 10–8  m
l 10000
R  2.7  108 
A 3.4  (103 )2
 R  0.859  102   86(approx.)

24. What is a rainbow? Draw a well labelled diagram to show the formation of a rainbow.
Ans: Rainbow - A natural spectrum of sunlight appearing in the sky after a rain shower.

25. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Ans:

S. No. Xylem Phloem

1 Xylem conducts water and dissolved Phloem conducts prepared food material
minerals from roots to leaves and other from leaves to other parts of plant in
parts. dissolved form.
2 In xylem, transport of material takes In phloem, transport of material takes place
place through vessels and tracheids. with the help of companion cells.
3 In xylem, upward movement of water In translocation, material is transferred into
and dissolved materials is mainly phloem tissue using energy from ATP.
achieved by transpiration pull. It is This increases the osmotic pressure that
caused due to sanction created by moves the material in the phloem to the
evaporation of water molecules from the tissues which have less pressure.
stomata of a leaf.
4 Movement of water is achieved by The translocation in phloem is an active
simple physical forces. There is no process and requires energy. This energy is
expenditure of energy. So, ATP taken from ATP molecules.
molecules are not required.

26. Give reasons for the following observations:

(a) Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity.
(b) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by heating them with carbon.
Ans: It is because covalent compounds do not form ions.
(b) It is because these metal, themselves are strong reducing agents. Therefore, cannot be
reduced by reducing agent like carbon.
SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Give reasons for the following:
(a) Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling point
(b) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state
(c) Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are somewhat hard.
Ans: (a) Ionic compounds have high boiling and melting point due to the presence of strong
bond between cations and anions. To break or overcome these strong forces of attraction, a
large amount of energy is required.
(b) Ionic compounds conduct electricity in molten state. Conductivity depends on the presence
of number of free ions. Solid ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity because of the
absence of ions (electrons) in the crystal structure. When the ionic compound is present in
molten state, crystal structure deforms and they can easily conduct electricity with the free ions.
(c) Ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and are somewhat hard. Due to the presence
of strong force of attraction between the positive and negative ions a solid ionic compound
formed becomes hard and solid at room temperature.

28. (a) What is a solenoid ?

(b) Draw the pattern of magnetic field lines of (i) a current carrying solenoid and (ii) a bar
magnet.
Ans: (a) A coil of many turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in the shape of a
cylinder is called solenoid.
(b)

OR
Suppose your parents have constructed a two room house and you want that in the living room
there should be a provision of one electric bulb, one electric fan, a refrigerator and a plug point
for appliances of power upto 2 kilowatt. Draw a circuit diagram showing electric fuse and
earthing as safety devices.
Ans:

(i) Four components should be labelled.

(ii) All of them should be in parallel and there should be a fuse for safety.
(iii) Live and earth wires should be there.
29. Sahil took five solutions A, B, C, D and E and tested with universal indicator showed pH as 4,
1, 11, 7 and 9 respectively. Which solution is: (a) Neutral (b) Strongly alkaline (c) Strongly
acidic (d) Weakly acidic (E) Weakly alkaline?
Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.
Ans: Given pH for the solutions are A = 4, B = 1, C = 11, D = 7, E = 9.
Hydrogen ions concentration increases with decrease in pH value and thus strength of acid
increases with decrease in pH value from 7 to 0. On the other hand, hydroxide ion’s
concentration decreases with increase in pH value and thus strength of bases increases with
increase in pH value from 7 to 14. While neutral solution has pH value = 7.
Therefore, (a) Solution D is neutral having pH value equal to 7.
(b) Solution C is strongly alkaline as its pH value is equal to 11
(c) Solution B is strongly acidic as its pH value is equal to 1
(d) Solution A is weakly acidic as its pH value is equal to 4
(e) Solution E is weakly alkaline as its pH value is equal to 9
Hence arrangement of given pH value in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration: C
(11) < E (9) < D (7) < A (4) < B (1)

30. (a) Describe how a squirrel uses its hormonal system to react to a dangerous situation.
(b) How do sensory and motor neurons differ from one another?
Ans: (a) The hormone adrenaline is released into a squirrel's blood when it detects danger,
increasing heart rate and blood flow to tissues. As a result, its cells and tissues receive energy
more quickly, allowing it to flee dangerous situations.
(b) Sensory neurons transmit impulses to the central nervous system after receiving information
from receptors. In order for a muscle, gland, or organ to respond, motor neurons carry messages
from the control nervous system to those tissues.

31. Identify the acid and base which form sodium hydrogen carbonate. Write chemical equation in
support of your answer. State whether this compound is acidic, basic or neutral. Also, write its
pH value.
Ans: Acid - H2CO3
Base - NaOH
NaOH + H2CO3 → NaHCO3 + H2O
Compound is basic in nature. pH value - ranges between 7 to 10.

32. (a) What is an ecosystem? List its two main components.

(b) ‘The number of trophic levels in a food chain is limited’. Justify the statement.
Ans: (a) Ecosystem: It is the structural and functional unit of biosphere. It is a self-sustaining
system where energy and matter are exchanged between living and non-living components. The
main components of ecosystem are biotic and abiotic components. Biotic components comprise
of living organisms: plants, animals, human beings and microorganisms. Abiotic components
comprise of non-living part of the environment: air, water, soil, minerals, sunlight etc.
(b) When green plants are eaten by primary consumers, a great deal of energy is lost as heat to
the environment. Some amount goes into digestion and in doing work and the rest goes towards
growth and reproduction. Only 10 percent of the energy received by them is converted into their
body mass which is available for the organisms of the next trophic levels. The longer the food
chain, the less is the energy available to the final members of the food chain and that energy will
be insufficient for their survival.

33. Trace the sequence of events which occur when a bright light is focused on your eyes.
Ans: When bright light is focused on our eyes, the Photoreceptors generate electric impulses
and pass it to the sensory neurons. They carry the stimuli to the spinal cord which transports the
message to the brain. The brain sends the response to the muscles of the eyelids to close by
contracting the pupil.
Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Brain → Motor neuron → Eye → Contraction of
eye muscles.
OR
List in tabular form three distinguishing features between autotrophic nutrition and
heterotrophic nutrition.
S.No Autotrophic nutrition Heterotrophic nutrition
1. It is a mode of nutrition in which It is a mode of nutrition in which organism
organism prepare their own food. cannot prepare their food and obtain it
from different sources.
2. The organisms falling in this category are The organisms falling in this category are
not dependent on any other organism. dependent on other organisms for their
food.
3. Organisms using this mode of nutrition Organisms using this mode of nutrition are
are called as producers. called as consumers.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 60 cm in front of a mirror by
keeping the candle flame at a distance of 15 cm from its pole.
(a) Which type of mirror should the student use?
(b) Find the magnification of the image produced.
(c) Find the distance between the object and its image.
(d) Draw a ray diagram to show the image formation in this case and mark the distance between
the object and its image.
Ans: (a) The student should use a concave mirror, as it forms a real image on the same side of
the mirror.
(b) Object distance, u = –15 cm Image distance, v = –60 cm
v 60
Magnification, m      4
u 15
(c) Distance of image from the object = v – u = – 60 – (–15) = – 60 + 15 = –45
The image is formed at a distance of 45 cm from the object.
(d) By applying mirror formula,
1 1 1 1 1 1  4 5 1
        f  12cm
f v u 60 15 60 60 12
And C = -24 cm
Object will be between F and C and the image will be formed beyond C (centre of curvature).
Image will be 4 times magnified, real and inverted.

OR
(a) Name the lens which can be used as a magnifying glass. For which position of the object a
convex lens form: (i) a real and inverted image of the same size as that of the object? (ii) a
virtual and erect image? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer in each case.
(b) One half of a convex lens is covered with a black paper. Will this lens produce a complete
image of the object? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer.
Ans: (a) Convex lens can be used as a magnifying glass,
Position of the object:
(i) When an object is placed at centre of curvature, a real, inverted and equal size image is
obtained.

(ii) When an object is placed between the focus and the optical centre of a convex lens, a virtual
and erect image of the object is formed.

(b) Even when one half of the convex lens is covered with a black paper, the complete image of
the object will be formed.
When the upper half of the lens is covered: In this situation, rays of light coming from the object
will be refracted by the lower half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to
form the image of the given object, as shown in the following figure.
When the lower half of the lens is covered: In this situation, rays of light coming from the object
will be refracted by the upper half of the lens. These rays meet at the other side of the lens to
form the image of the given object, as shown in the following figure. We will get a sharp image
but the brightness of the image will be less now.

35. Why are certain compounds called hydrocarbons? Write the general formula for homologous
series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes and also draw the structure of the first member of each
series. Write the name of the reaction that converts alkenes into alkanes and also write a
chemical equation to show the necessary conditions for the reaction to occur.
Ans: Certain compounds are called hydrocarbons because they are a group of compounds which
are made up of hydrogen and carbon.
The homologous group of compounds are like alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, etc.
The alkanes only have carbon atoms that are attached to the other carbon atoms through single
bonds.
In alkenes, the carbon atoms are connected through at least one double bond and the rest might
or might not be single bonds.
In alkynes, the carbon atoms are connected through at least one triple bond and the rest might or
might not be single bonds.
The homologous group of compounds have the same general formula.
The general formula of homologous series alkanes is CnH2n+2.
The general formula of homologous series alkenes is CnH2n.
The general formula of homologous series alkynes is CnH2n−2.
The first member of alkanes homologous series is methane.

The first member of alkenes homologous series is ethene.

The first member of alkynes homologous series is ethyne.

Ethene can be converted to ethane through the reaction known as catalytic hydrogenation
reaction. This is known as this because it uses Raney Ni, Pt, or Pd as a catalyst. The reaction is
given below.

The conditions which are necessary for this reaction are the presence of a catalyst Ni and the
temperature should be 423K.
OR
(a) Explain why carbon forms covalent bond ? Give two reasons for carbon forming a large
number of compounds.
(b) Explain the formation of ammonia molecule.
Ans: (a) Carbon has 4 electrons in its outermost shell, and needs to gain or loss 4 electrons to
attain nobel gas configuration. Losing or gaining 4 electrons is not possible due to energy
considerations, hence it shares electrons to form covalent bonds.
Two reasons for forming large number of compounds are:
1) Catenation: The unique ability of carbon to form bonds with other atoms of carbon giving
rise to long chains of different types of compounds.
2) Tetravalency: since carbon has a valency of 4, it is capable of bonding with four other atoms
of Carbon or atoms of elements like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine etc.
(b) Formation of NH3 molecule
N - 2,5
H-1
Three hydrogen atoms each share their 1 electron with nitrogen to form three covalent bonds
and make an ammonia molecule (NH3).

36. Name three different glands associated with the structures labelled in digestive system as shown
in figure. Also write their secretions and their functions.

Ans: The different glands, their secretions and functions associated with the human digestive
system are tabulated below:

Organ Gland Secretion Enzymes Action of Enzyme

Mouth Salivary Saliva Salivary Breaks down starch to sugar
gland amylase
Stomach Gastric Gastric 1. Pepsin Breaks down protein-
glands juices peptone.
2. HCl Kills germs, creates acidic
medium.
3. Mucus Protects the walls of stomach
from the action of HCl acid.
Small Liver Bile Juice Emulsification of fats and
Intestine creates alkaline medium.

OR
(a) Define excretion.
(b) Name the basic filtration unit present in the kidney.
(c) Draw excretory system in human beings and label the following organs of excretory system
which perform following functions: (i) form urine. (ii) is a long tube which collects urine from
kidney. (iii) store urine until it is passed out.
Ans: (a) Excretion is defined as the biological process of removal of harmful nitrogenous wastes
like urea and uric acid from our body which are produced as byproducts of the various
metabolic processes taking place in our body.
(b) The basic filtration unit present in the kidney is the nephron.
(c) The human excretory system is drawn here:
The organs performing the following functions have been labelled in the diagram.
(i) form urine: Kidneys
(ii) is a long tube which collects urine from kidney: Ureter
(iii) stores urine until it is passed out: Urinary bladder

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 35 to 37 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Bacteria follow an asexual mode of reproduction, called binary fission. A single bacterium
divides into two daughter cells. These are identical to the parent cell as well as to each other.
Replication of DNA within parent bacterium marks the beginning of the fission. Eventually, cell
elongates to form two daughter cells.
The diagram shows the process of binary fission in bacteria

The rate and timing of reproduction depend upon the conditions like temperature and
availability of nutrients. When there is a favorable condition, E. coli or Escherichia coli
produces about 2 million bacteria every 7 hours.
(a) (i) What is the process of the division of a cell into several cells during reproduction in
Plasmodium?
(ii) A Planaria worm is cut horizontally in the middle into two halves P and Q such that the part
P contains the whole head of the worm. Another Planaria worm is cut vertically into two halves
R and S in such a way that both the cut pieces R and S contain half head each. Which of the cut
pieces of the two Planaria worms could regenerate to form the complete respective worms?
(b) The rapid spreading of bread would on slices of bread is due to spore formation. Explain
spore formation.
OR
(b) Suppose a bacterium reproduces by binary fission every 20 minutes. The new cells survive
and reproduce at the same rate. The graph below shows how the bacterial population would
grow from a single bacterium. What do you conclude?

Ans: (a) (i) Plasmodium reproduces by multiple fission whereby a single cell divides into a
large number of cells.
(ii) P, Q, R and S
Each piece or fragment of Planaria grows into new individual by the method of regeneration. It
is carried out by specialized cells.
(b) Spore formation is a common method of asexual reproduction. The hyphae develop
sporangia. The nucleus of each sporangium divides several. times. Each nucleus gets
surrounded by a bit of cytoplasm and develops into spore. Upon maturation, the sporangium
ruptures and spores disperse to grow on to new substratum.
OR
(b) The growth of bacteria population increases exponentially with time. The variation of time
and number of bacterial cells is not linear, as the graph is not a straight line. The growth pattern
is an exponential increase in number of bacterial cells with time.
38. Case Study – 2
Manoj performed an experiment to understand that heat is produced when a few drops of
concentrated sulphuric acid is slowly added into a beaker containing water. For this, he took 10
mL water in a beaker and added a few drops of concentrated H2SO4 to it. Then, he swirled the
beaker slowly. During the process, a vigourous reaction takes place. It is an exothermic process.
(a) Why is it recommended that the acid should be added to water and not water to the acid?
(b) How will the concentration of hydrogen ions gets affected if an acid is diluted?
(c) What is this process called? Define the process.
OR
If we have hydrochloric acid and acetic acid of equal concentration, which will be a stronger
acid and why?
Ans: (a) Dilution of concentrated acid is an exothermic process. If water is added to a
concentrated acid, the heat generated may cause the mixture to splash out and cause burns.
When the acid is added to water slowly with constant stirring, the mixture will not splash out.
(b) Concentration of H+ decreases with increase in dilution.
(c) Dilution of the acid. Dilution of an acid or base means mixing an acid or base with water.
This is done to decrease the concentration of ions (H3O+/OH-) per unit volume.
OR
Hydrochloric acid will be a stronger acid, because it produces more H+ ions.

39. Case Study – 3

OR
(d) (i) To get the diminished image of the candle flame, the object must be placed at infinity.
(ii) If the image formed by this mirror is inverted and real, then the magnification will be
negative.
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 02 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023

SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80

CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Which of the following a balanced equation for the following chemical reaction:

(a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

(b) 2Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(d) Zn + AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + Ag

2. Which of the following will turn phenolphthalein pink?

(a) NaOH(aq) (b) HCl(aq) (c) CH3COOH(aq) (d) H2O

4. Why do we store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles?

(a) To prevent precipitation of silver chloride
(b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
(c) To promote decomposition of silver chloride
(d) All of these
5. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N ?
(a) O, F, N (b) N, F, O (c) O, N, F (d) F, O, N
6. Identify X, Y and Z based on the basis of given information. X is a non-metal, which is an
important constituent of our food. It forms two oxides Y and Z. Y is toxic and it causes
suffocation and sometimes death. Z is responsible for global warming.
(a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2 (b) X = S, Y= SO2, Z= SO3
(c) X=P, Y=P2O3, Z=P2O3 (d) X= O, Y = O2, Z = O3
7. Structural formulae of X and Y, which have the same molecular formula, C3H60 are :
(a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
(b) X = CH3OCH2CH3, Y= CH3COCH3
(c) X = CH3COCH3, Y = CH3COOH
(d) X= CH3CH2OCH3, Y = CH3CH2COOH
8. The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants is :
(a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
(b) Zygote, gametes, embryo, seedling
(c) Seedling, embryo, zygote, gametes
(d) Gametes, embryo, zygote, seedling

9. Mohan was confused and did not know how to draw the correct figure for geotropism. So, he
has drawn three figures, as shown below.

Which appears more accurate and why?

(a) (I), (II) (b) (I) only (c) (II), (III) (d) (II) only

10. Choose the correct statement about heart.

I II
(i) It involves two individuals (i) It involves only one individual parent
(ii) It is a complex process (ii) It is a simple process
(iii) It produces genetic variation. (iii) It lacks genetic variations.

I II
(a) Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
(b) Asexual reproduction Vegetative reproduction
(c) Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
12. Four students plotted the sketch of the patterns of magnetic field lines representing the magnetic
field around a current carrying straight wire as shown in figures P, Q, R and S. Which one of the
following sketches is correct?
(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

13. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

(a) Genetic composition of an individual (b) Characteristics which are visible in an organism.
(c) Alternate form of genes (d) None of these

14. The voltage-current (V-I) graph of a metallic conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2
is shown:

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

(a) T2 (b) T1 (c) Equal at both T2 and T1 (d) Cannot say
15. As per Michael Faraday, the forefinger, middle finger and thumb indicate the direction of:
(a) magnetic field, force and current respectively.
(b) magnetic field, current and force respectively.
(c) current, force and magnetic field respectively.
(d) force, magnetic field and current respectively.
16. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in fig.
The direction of the force acting on the electron will be:

(a) to the right (b) to the left (c) out of the page (d) into the page
DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A): Fresh milk in which baking soda is added, takes a longer time to set as curd.
Reason (R): Baking soda decreases the pH value of fresh milk to below 6.

18. Assertion (a): The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells.
Reason (R): Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion.

19. Assertion (A): Lipase help in emulsification of fats.

Reason (R): Lipase hydrolyses fats and oils.

20. Assertion (a): In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric circuit.
Reason (R): All electric devices need equal currents to operate properly.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Observe the given figure: What happens when the tube is heated?

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
22. Why does carbon become stable after sharing four electrons? What type of bond is formed by
sharing?
OR
Why are covalent compounds being poor conductors of electricity? Why do covalent
compounds have low melting and boiling points?
23. In birds and mammals, the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give reasons.
24. Neha did not want to have a child. So, she went to a doctor who suggested her to adopt
contraceptive methods. What are the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?
25. Define the term power of accommodation. Write the modification in the curvature of the eye
lens which enables us to see the nearby objects clearly? Give relation between power and focal
length.
OR
Why is the sun visible to us 2 minutes before actual sunrise and 2 minutes after actual sunset?
26. DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would it affect the trophic
levels in the following food chain associated with a lake? Justify your answer.

SECTION – C
Questions 27 to 33 carry 3 marks each.
27. Based on the group valency of elements, write the molecular formula of the following
compounds giving justification for each:
(a) Oxides of first group elements.
(b) Halides of the elements of group 13.
(c) Compounds formed when an element A of group 2 combines with an element B of group 17.

28. Can two people with brown eyes have a blue-eyed baby? Explain.

29. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

OR
State the law of conservation of mass as applicable in a chemical reaction. Illustrate with an
example.

31. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed:
(a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the mirror.

33. (a) How does food chain differ from a food web?
(b) Make food chains in (i) forest (ii) pond.

SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.

34. If, in Figure Rl = 10 Ohms, R2 = 40 Ohms, R, = 30 Ohms, R4 = 20 Ohms, RA = 60 Ohms and a

12 volt battery is connected to the arrangement, calculate: (a) the total resistance and (b) the
total current flowing in the circuit.
35. (a) An organic compound X with a molecular formula C undergoes oxidation in presence of
alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K
gives Z, which on reaction gives back 'X'. Identify X, Y and Z and write the reactions involved.
(b) With hard water, "A" compound functions well. The production of shampoos and other
cleaning products uses it. A causes water pollution and isn’t entirely biodegradable. Hard water
makes 'B' less effective. There is no water pollution because it is 100 percent biodegradable.
Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(c) A cyclic compound 'X' has molecular formula. It is unsaturated and burns with sooty flame.
Identify 'X' and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not and why?
(d) An organic compound 'A' is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O. Upon reaction with alkaline KMNO4 the compound 'A' is oxidized to another 'B’
identify the compound A' and 'B'. Write the chemical equation for the reaction which leads to
the formulation of 'B'.

36. What is sexual reproduction? Explain how this mode of reproduction gives rise to more viable
variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution?
OR
(a) What are dominant and recessive traits?
(b) "Is it possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed in the next generation?" Give
a suitable example to justify this statement.

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

Questions 37 to 39 carry 4 marks each.
37. Case Study – 1
Compounds containing oxygen are of great interest in the field of chemistry. Because of
oxygen's high reactivity, it is most often found in compounds. Oxygen reacts rapidly with group
1 elements. All alkali metal oxides form basic solutions when dissolved in water. The principal
combustion product is the most stable product with respect to the reactants. For example, with
careful control of oxygen, the oxide M2O (where M represents any alkali metal) can be formed
with any of the alkali metals.
When a metal reacts with oxygen to form a metal oxide, a redox reaction occurs.
Metal + Oxygen → Metal oxide
Different metals burn in oxygen with different rates depending on their differing activeness.
The more reactive metal towards oxygen, the brighter and faster the combustion of the metal.
Given figure below shows the experiment is conducted to build the reactivity series of metals.
Oxygen that is used in combustion of other metals is provided by heating solid potassium
manganate (VII). When heated, lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium ignite
through combustion reactions with oxygen. Glass wool Metal filing Heat up Heat up Potassium
Manganate (VII) crystal
(a) Which metals do not react with oxygen even at high temperature?
(b) What happens when copper metal is heated in air?
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Is this statement true?
OR
(c) Which metal oxides are soluble in water? Explain.

38. Case Study – 2

(a) List two common signs of sexual maturation in boys and girls.
(b) What is the result of reckless female foeticide?
(c) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body? Give an example of
it
OR
Write two factors that determine the size of a population.

39. Case Study - 3

Dispersion of light occurs when white light is separated into its different constituent colors
because of refraction and Snell's law.
From Snell's law it can be seen that the angle of refraction of light in a prism depends on the
refractive index of the prism material.
Color l(nm) Freq. (Hz)
Red 760–647 4.3 × 1014
Orange 647-585 4.3 × 1014
Yellow 585-575 5.2 × 1014
Green 575-491 5.6 × 1014
Blue 491-424 6.6 × 1014

Since the refractive index varies with wavelength, the angle that the light is refracted by will
also vary with wavelength, causing an angular separation of the colors known as angular
dispersion.
For visible light, refraction indices n of most transparent materials (e.g., air, glasses) decrease
with increasing wavelength l:
Colour Wavelength Crown Flint
(nm) glass glass
Violet 396.9 1.533 1.663
Blue 486.1 1.523 1.639
Yellow 589.3 1.517 1.627
Red 656.3 1.515 1.622

Most often seen in recently made puddles on the sides of roads, the oil refracts light much the
same way a rainbow does. Simply put, the thin layer of oil floating on top of the water refracts
the light which then bounces back up off the water underneath, splitting the light rays creating a
pool of rainbow colours.
(a) Which ray is least deviated by a prism?
(b) Which colour of light which has the minimum velocity in the glass prism?
(c) Which optical phenomenon is involved in formation of rainbow?
OR
(c) What is the angle of deviation (d) of a prism?
SAMPLE PAPER TEST 02 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023
(ANSWERS)
SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80
CLASS : X DURATION: 3 HRS
General Instruction:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A-E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each.
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with sub-parts of the
values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs of 3 marks
and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been provided in the
2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not stated.
SECTION – A
Questions 1 to 20 carry 1 mark each.
1. Which of the following a balanced equation for the following chemical reaction:

(a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

(b) 2Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
(d) Zn + AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + Ag
Ans: (c) Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is: Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
Zn + 2AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

2. Which of the following will turn phenolphthalein pink?

(a) NaOH(aq) (b) HCl(aq) (c) CH3COOH(aq) (d) H2O
Ans: (a) NaOH(aq)
Phenolphthalein solution is a colourless indicator which gives pink colour in basic solution.
Phenolphthalein solution remains colourless in acidic solution as well as in neutral solution.

3. While studying the saponification reaction, what do you observe when you mix an equal amount
of colourless vegetable oil and 20% aqueous solution of NaOH in a beaker?
(a) The colour of the mixture has become dark brown.
(b) A brisk effervescence is taking place in the beaker.
(c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot.
(d) The outer surface of the beaker has become cold.
Ans: (c) The outer surface of the beaker has become hot
The beaker becomes hot because it is an exothermic reaction.
4. Why do we store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles?
(a) To prevent precipitation of silver chloride
(b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
(c) To promote decomposition of silver chloride
(d) All of these
Ans: (b) To prevent decomposition of silver chloride
We store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles to prevent the decomposition of silver chloride
into silver and chlorine gas in the presence of sunlight. The decomposition of silver chloride to
form silver and chlorine gas in the presence of sunlight is given by the equation:
Sunlight
2AgCl(s)  2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)
5. Which of the following gives the correct increasing order of the atomic radii of O, F and N ?
(a) O, F, N (b) N, F, O (c) O, N, F (d) F, O, N
Ans: (d) F, O, N
In the modern periodic table, the atomic radii decrease with increasing the atomic number from
left to right. The atomic number of F, O, and N are 9, 8, and 7, respectively. So, atomic radius
will decrease from N to E
6. Identify X, Y and Z based on the basis of given information. X is a non-metal, which is an
important constituent of our food. It forms two oxides Y and Z. Y is toxic and it causes
suffocation and sometimes death. Z is responsible for global warming.
(a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2 (b) X = S, Y= SO2, Z= SO3
(c) X=P, Y=P2O3, Z=P2O3 (d) X= O, Y = O2, Z = O3
Ans: (a) X= C, Y= CO, Z=CO2
The non-metal X is carbon which is an important constituent of our food. Carbon forms two
oxides Y (CO) and Z (CO2). CO is toxic and causes suffocation and sometimes death while CO2
is responsible for global warming.
7. Structural formulae of X and Y, which have the same molecular formula, C3H60 are :
(a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
(b) X = CH3OCH2CH3, Y= CH3COCH3
(c) X = CH3COCH3, Y = CH3COOH
(d) X= CH3CH2OCH3, Y = CH3CH2COOH
Ans: (a) X = CH3CH2CHO, Y= CH3COCH3
The aldehyde (X) and ketone (Y) have the same molecular formula as C3H60. The structural
formula of aldehyde (propanal) is CH3CH2CHO while the structural formula of ketone
(Propanone) is CH3COCH3.
8. The correct sequence of reproductive stages seen in flowering plants is :
(a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
(b) Zygote, gametes, embryo, seedling
(c) Seedling, embryo, zygote, gametes
(d) Gametes, embryo, zygote, seedling
Ans: (a) Gametes, zygote, embryo, seedling
Gamete formation is followed by pollination and fertilisation to produce zygote which in turn
leads to embryo formation. Fertilised ovule become seed and seeds germinate to produce
seedling.
9. Mohan was confused and did not know how to draw the correct figure for geotropism. So, he
has drawn three figures, as shown below.

Which appears more accurate and why?

(a) (I), (II) (b) (I) only (c) (II), (III) (d) (II) only
Ans: (b) (I) only
Figure (I) is more appropriate because in a plant, shoots grow upward because they are
negatively geotropic, and roots grow downward because they are positively geotropic.

10. Choose the correct statement about heart.

(a) The upper two chambers of human heart are called ventricles.
(b) The lower two chambers of human heart are called atrium.
(c) The chambers of the heart are separated by a partition called pericardium.
(d) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Ans: (d) The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
Human heart is four chambered which means that it is composed of four chambers: right atrium,
right ventricle, left ventricle and left atrium. The chambers are separated by a muscular wall that
prevents the mixing of the blood rich in oxygen with the blood rich in carbon dioxide.
Pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries carbon dioxide rich blood from heart to the
lungs.
11. Choose the correct heading for the given below points
I II
(i) It involves two individuals (i) It involves only one individual parent
(ii) It is a complex process (ii) It is a simple process
(iii) It produces genetic variation. (iii) It lacks genetic variations.

I II
(a) Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction
(b) Asexual reproduction Vegetative reproduction
(c) Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction
Ans: Option (C) is correct.
Sexual reproduction involves two individuals and the union of two types of gametes whereas
asexual reproduction involves only a single parent. Sexual reproduction is an elaborate, complex
and slow process as compared to asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction lacks genetic
variation whereas sexual reproduction results in offsprings that are not identical to the parents or
amongst themselves. So, it gives rise to diversity among living organisms.
12. Four students plotted the sketch of the patterns of magnetic field lines representing the magnetic
field around a current carrying straight wire as shown in figures P, Q, R and S. Which one of the
following sketches is correct?

(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

Ans: (d) S
From right hand thumb rule option (d) is correct.

13. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

(a) Genetic composition of an individual
(b) Characteristics which are visible in an organism.
(c) Alternate form of genes
(d) None of these
Ans: (a) Genetic composition of an individual
'Rr' represents the genotype of an individual. Both the genes (Rr) of a character are
heterozygous.

14. The voltage-current (V-I) graph of a metallic conductor at two different temperatures T1 and T2
is shown:

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

(a) T2 (b) T1 (c) Equal at both T2 and T1 (d) Cannot say
Ans: (a) T2
Resistance is the slope of VI graph. The slope of graph at T2 > slope of graph at T1. Therefore,
resistance is higher at T2.
15. As per Michael Faraday, the forefinger, middle finger and thumb indicate the direction of:
(a) magnetic field, force and current respectively.
(b) magnetic field, current and force respectively.
(c) current, force and magnetic field respectively.
(d) force, magnetic field and current respectively.
Ans: (b) magnetic field, current and force respectively
The direction of force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is
given by Fleming's left-hand rule which states that “Stretch the forefinger, the central finger and
the thumb of your left hand mutually perpendicular to each other. If the forefinger shows the
direction of the field and the central finger that of the current, then the thumb will point towards
the direction of motion of the conductor, i.e., force.”
16. An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it as shown in fig.
The direction of the force acting on the electron will be:

(a) to the right (b) to the left (c) out of the page (d) into the page
Ans: (d) into the page.
The direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field and the current as
given by Fleming’s left-hand rule.
DIRECTION: In the question number 17 and 20, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Ans: (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)

17. Assertion (A): Fresh milk in which baking soda is added, takes a longer time to set as curd.
Reason (R): Baking soda decreases the pH value of fresh milk to below 6.
Ans: (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Fresh milk in which baking soda is added is more alkaline in nature. Therefore, add produced to
set into curd will be neutralised by baking soda added by milkmen. Hence, it takes longer time
to set as curd. Also, after adding baking soda to the milk, it becomes more alkaline in nature i.e.,
basic in nature. So, pH of the milk would be increased to above 7.

18. Assertion (a): The opening and closing of the pore is a function of the guard cells.
Reason (R): Stomatal pores are the site for exchange of gases by diffusion.
Ans: (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Both statements are correct but the given reason does not explain how guard cells open and
close stomatal pores. Each stomatal pore is surrounded by a pair of guard cells. When water
flows into the guard cells, they swell and cause the pore to open. Similarly, when the guard
cells lose water, they shrink and the stomatal pore closes.

19. Assertion (A): Lipase help in emulsification of fats.

Reason (R): Lipase hydrolyses fats and oils.
Ans: (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
Bile helps in emulsification of fats whereas lipase are the enzymes which hydrolyse fats and
oils.

20. Assertion (a): In a series circuit, the current is constant throughout the electric circuit.
Reason (R): All electric devices need equal currents to operate properly.
Ans: (c) A is true but R is false.
Current is constant in a series circuit as there is only one path for flow of current. But different
devices connected in a circuit have different power ratings and therefore draw different amounts
of currents.

SECTION – B
Questions 21 to 25 carry 2 marks each.

21. Observe the given figure: What happens when the tube is heated?

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
Ans: (a) Balanced equation for the reaction taking place on heating copper (II) nitrate in a
boiling tube is given below:

(b) The brown gas X evolved is nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2).

22. Why does carbon become stable after sharing four electrons? What type of bond is formed by
sharing?
Ans: The atomic number of carbons is 6 and its electronic configuration is 2, 4. It is tetravalent
as it has 4 valence electrons. It can neither gain nor lose 4 electrons to acquire the nearest noble
gas configuration. Only way is to share the four valence electrons with the electrons of other
atoms. The type of bond formed by sharing of electrons is covalent bond.
OR
Why are covalent compounds being poor conductors of electricity? Why do covalent
compounds have low melting and boiling points?
Ans: Covalent compounds are poor conductors of electricity as they do not have charged
particles since the electrons are shared between atoms. Covalent compounds have low melting
and boiling points as they have weak inter molecular forces due to which little energy is
required in changing state by overcoming the force of attraction.
23. In birds and mammals, the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give reasons.
Ans: The separation keeps oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing, allowing a highly
efficient supply of oxygen to the body. This is useful in animals that have high energy needs
(birds and mammals) which constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature.
24. Neha did not want to have a child. So, she went to a doctor who suggested her to adopt
contraceptive methods. What are the reasons for adopting contraceptive methods?
Ans: Contraceptive methods are mainly adopted:
(1) To avoid unwanted pregnancies.
(2) To keep the population of a country under control.
(3) To limit the number of children a couple wants to have.
(4) To maintain adequate gap between two consecutive children.
(5) To prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
25. Define the term power of accommodation. Write the modification in the curvature of the eye
lens which enables us to see the nearby objects clearly? Give relation between power and focal
length.
Ans: Power of accommodation - Ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length. Curvature
increases/lens becomes thick.
1 100
P  (in m)  P  (in cm)
f f
OR
Why is the sun visible to us 2 minutes before actual sunrise and 2 minutes after actual sunset?
Ans: We are able to see the sun 2 minutes before actual sunrise and 2 minutes after actual sunset
because sun rays undergo atmospheric refraction as they travel from an optically rarer medium
to an optically denser medium when they enter the earth’s atmosphere due to which they are
refracted downwards and hence appear to be above the horizon.
26. DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would it affect the trophic
levels in the following food chain associated with a lake? Justify your answer.

Ans: DDT being a non- biodegradable pesticide will enter the food chain from the first trophic
level i.e., Plankton.
Non - biodegradable pesticides accumulate progressively at each trophic level. This
phenomenon is known as biological magnification
Hawk will have the highest level of pesticide.

So, the molecular formula of oxide of first group elements is M20 where M is the group element
and 0 is oxygen.
(b) Valency of group 13 elements is 3. Valency of halogens is 1.

So, the molecular formula of halide of group thirteen elements is MX3 where M is the group 13
element and X is halogen.
(c) Valency of group 2 elements is 2. Valency of group 17 elements is 1.

So, the molecular formula is AB, where A is the group 2 element and B is the group 17 element.
28. Can two people with brown eyes have a blue-eyed baby? Explain.
Ans: Two people with brown eyes can have a blue-eyed baby but the chances are only 25%
provided both the parents are heterozygous (Bb). Brown eye colour (b) is dominant and blue eye
colour (b) is recessive.

Genotypic ratio: 1: 2: 1
Phenotypic ratio: 3: 1
The child who inherits ‘B’ chromosome even from one parent will have brown eyes. The child
who inherits ‘b’ chromosomes from both the parents will have blue eyes so the chances of
brown eyed parents to have blue eyed baby is only 25%.

29. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

Ans: A balanced chemical equation tells:
(1) The number of atoms and molecules of reactants and products involved.
(2) The chemical formula of reactants and products involved.
(3) The catalyst involved in the reaction if any.
OR
State the law of conservation of mass as applicable in a chemical reaction. Illustrate with an
example.
Ans: The law of conservation of mass states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in a
chemical reaction. The mass of the products in a chemical reaction is equal to the mass of the
reactants. Example to illustrate the law of conservation of mass:
In the reaction CaCO3 → CaO + CO2,
The molecular mass of CaCO3 = 1 × 40 + 1 × 12 + 3 × 16 = 100 u
Molecular mass of CaO = 1 × 40 + 1 × 16 = 56 u and molecular mass of CO2 = 1 × 12 + 2 × 16
= 44 u
Mass of the reactant = 100 u
Mass of the product = 56 u + 44 u = 100 u.
As the mass of the reactant is equal to the mass of the products, law of conservation of mass is
verified.

30. Derive an expression for electric energy consumed in a device in terms of V, I and t, where V is
the potential difference applied to it, I is the current drawn by it and t is the time for which the
current flows ?
Ans: Work done, W = QV
W
Also, P 
t
QV QIR Q
Now, P   (V  IR )  P  IR  I 2 R
t t t
2 2
V V
Energy  P  t  I 2 Rt  2 Rt  t
R R
where, V = voltage, R = resistance, t = time.
31. Draw ray diagrams showing the image formation by a convex mirror when an object is placed:
(a) at infinity (b) at finite distance from the mirror.
Ans: Formation of image by convex mirror:
Position of the object Position of the image Relative size of the Nature of the image
image
At infinity At focus F, behind the Highly diminished, Virtual and erect
mirror point sized
Between in- unity and the Between P and F, Diminished Virtual and erect
pole P of the mirror behind the mirror

Ray diagram for image formation by convex mirror:

32. (a) Determine whether the P and Q-marked poles in the following diagram represent the North
or South pole. Why did you choose that response?
(b) Imagine that you are sitting in a chamber with your back to one wall. An electron beam,
moving horizontally from back wall towards the front wall, is deflected by a strong magnetic
field to your right side. What is the direction of magnetic field?
Ans: (a) Both P and Q are North poles. Magnetic field lines emerge from North pole.
(b) Movement of electron beam from back wall to front wall is equivalent to the flow of electric
current from front wall to the back wall. Now the deflection of the beam towards right means
direction of force is towards the right side. According to Fleming’s left-hand rule, the magnetic
field inside the chamber is in downward direction i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the paper
and directed inwards.
OR
State the rule to determine the direction of a (a) magnetic field produced around a straight
conductor-carrying current and (b) force experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor
placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to it.
Ans: (a) The rule to determine the direction of magnetic field produced around a straight
conductor-carrying current is Right hand thumb rule which states that that if one holds a straight
current carrying conductor with right hand such that the thumb points towards the direction of
current, then fingers will wrap around the conductor in the direction of field lines of the
magnetic field.
(b) The rule to determine the direction of force experienced by a current carrying straight
conductor placed in a magnetic field which is perpendicular to its Fleming’s Left Hand Rule,
which states that if the first finger points in the direction of magnetic field and second finger in
the direction of current, then the thumb will point in the direction of motion or the force acting
on the conductor.

33. (a) How does food chain differ from a food web? (b) Make food chains in (i) forest (ii) pond.
Ans: Ans: (a) Food Chain: It is a series of organisms feeding on one another.
Food Web: It is a network of food chains consisting of a number of interlinked food chains.
(b) Food chains in: (i) Forest: Plants → Deer → Lion
(ii) Pond: Aquatic plants → Scorpion Fish → Flamingo
SECTION – D
Questions 34 to 36 carry 5 marks each.
34. If, in Figure Rl = 10 Ohms, R2 = 40 Ohms, R, = 30 Ohms, R4 = 20 Ohms, RA = 60 Ohms and a
12 volt battery is connected to the arrangement, calculate: (a) the total resistance and (b) the
total current flowing in the circuit.

Ans: (a) Let R' be the equivalent resistance of R1 and R2. Then,
1 1 1 1 1 5 1
       R '  8
R ' R1 R2 10 40 40 8
Let R'' be the equivalent resistance of R3, R4 and R5. Then,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1
         R ''  10
R '' R3 R4 R5 30 20 60 60 10
Total Resistance = R’ + R’’ = 8 + 10 = 18 Ω
(b) Current, I = V/R = = 12/18 = 0.67 A

35. (a) An organic compound X with a molecular formula C undergoes oxidation in presence of
alkaline KMnO4 to form a compound Y. X on heating in presence of conc. H2SO4 at 443 K
gives Z, which on reaction gives back 'X'. Identify X, Y and Z and write the reactions involved.
(b) With hard water, "A" compound functions well. The production of shampoos and other
cleaning products uses it. A causes water pollution and isn’t entirely biodegradable. Hard water
makes 'B' less effective. There is no water pollution because it is 100 percent biodegradable.
Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.
(c) A cyclic compound 'X' has molecular formula. It is unsaturated and burns with sooty flame.
Identify 'X' and write its structural formula. Will it decolorize bromine water or not and why?
(d) An organic compound 'A' is a constituent of antifreeze and has the molecular formula
C2H6O. Upon reaction with alkaline KMNO4 the compound 'A' is oxidized to another 'B’
identify the compound A' and 'B'. Write the chemical equation for the reaction which leads to
the formulation of 'B'.
Ans: (a)

(b) ‘A’ is detergent and ‘B’ is soap

36. What is sexual reproduction? Explain how this mode of reproduction gives rise to more viable
variations than asexual reproduction. How does this affect the evolution?
Ans: Sexual reproduction is a natural mode of reproduction which involves two individuals
followed by gamete formation. During sexual reproduction, at the time of gamete formation,
meiotic cell division takes place. During meiosis, crossing over between non-sister chromatids
of homologous chromosomes occurs which brings about new genetic combinations to be
transferred to new generation. Crossing over is the fundamental cause of origin of variations in
sexually reproducing organisms.
Whereas, in asexual reproduction, chance of variations can only occur when there is inaccurate
copying of DNA as only one individual is involved. The variations caused by crossing over in
sexually reproducing organisms are subjected to the selection process. Natural selection selects
those variations which have more adaptive value and guide them towards evolution of new
species. In this way, sexual reproduction gives rise to more viable variations for evolution.
OR
(a) What are dominant and recessive traits?
(b) "Is it possible that a trait is inherited but may not be expressed in the next generation?" Give
a suitable example to justify this statement.
Ans: (a) Dominant traits: The trait which expresses itself in F1 (first) generation after crossing
contrasting (opposite) traits is known as dominant character (trait).
Recessive trait: The trait which do not express itself in F1 (first) generation after crossing
contrasting (opposite) trait.
(b) Yes

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

(a) Which metals do not react with oxygen even at high temperature?
(b) What happens when copper metal is heated in air?
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides. Is this statement true?
OR
(c) Which metal oxides are soluble in water? Explain.
Ans: (a) Metals such as silver and gold do not react with oxygen even at high temperatures as
they are relatively inert.
(b) Copper does not burn but is coated with black colored copper oxide. When heated, copper
does not burn, but the hot copper metal is coated with a black coloured layer of copper (II)
oxide.
2Cu + 02  2CuO
(c) Almost all metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
Metal + Oxygen  Metal oxide
Some metal oxides, such as sodium oxide and potassium oxide, dissolve in water to form
alkalis:
Moreover, some metal oxides, such as aluminium oxide and zinc oxide, show both acidic and
basic nature and are known as amphoteric oxides.
OR
(c) The metal oxides sodium oxide and potassium oxide dissolve in water to form alkalis as
follows:
Na2O(s) + H20(l)  2NaOH(aq)
K2O(s) + H20(l)  2 KOH(aq)

38. Case Study – 2

The growing size of the human population is a cause of concern for all people. The rate of birth
and death in a given population will determine its size. The human population growth year wise
is shown in the below figure. Reproduction is the process by which organisms increase their
population. The process of sexual maturation for reproduction is gradual and takes place while
general body growth is still going on. Some degree of sexual maturation does not necessarily
mean that the mind or body is ready for sexual act or for having and bringing up children.
Various contraceptive devices are being used by human beings to control the size of population.
(a) List two common signs of sexual maturation in boys and girls.
(b) What is the result of reckless female foeticide?
(c) Which contraceptive method changes the hormonal balance of the body? Give an example of
it
OR
Write two factors that determine the size of a population.
Ans: Common signs for sexual maturation in boys and girls are:
(a) (i) Broadening of shoulder and chest in boys and development of mammary gland or breast
in girls.
(ii) Appearance of hair on body parts like pubic area, armpits and face.
(b) The number of females will become low in comparison to males. Hence, there will be huge
imbalance between male and female ratio in the population.
(c) Chemical method of contraception e.g., Oral pills.
OR
(c) Factors are: Birth rate and death rate.

39. Case Study - 3

Color l(nm) Freq. (Hz)

Red 760–647 4.3 × 1014
Orange 647-585 4.3 × 1014
Yellow 585-575 5.2 × 1014
Green 575-491 5.6 × 1014
Blue 491-424 6.6 × 1014
Since the refractive index varies with wavelength, the angle that the light is refracted by will
also vary with wavelength, causing an angular separation of the colors known as angular
dispersion.
For visible light, refraction indices n of most transparent materials (e.g., air, glasses) decrease
with increasing wavelength l:
Colour Wavelength Crown Flint
(nm) glass glass
Violet 396.9 1.533 1.663
Blue 486.1 1.523 1.639
Yellow 589.3 1.517 1.627
Red 656.3 1.515 1.622

Most often seen in recently made puddles on the sides of roads, the oil refracts light much the
same way a rainbow does. Simply put, the thin layer of oil floating on top of the water refracts
the light which then bounces back up off the water underneath, splitting the light rays creating a
pool of rainbow colours.
(a) Which ray is least deviated by a prism?
(b) Which colour of light which has the minimum velocity in the glass prism?
(c) Which optical phenomenon is involved in formation of rainbow?
OR
(c) What is the angle of deviation (d) of a prism?
Ans: (a) Red ray is least deviated by a prism as the refractive index of glass is least for red.
(b) Violet has the least wavelength among the colours of the visible spectrum. It has the
minimum velocity.
(c) Formation of rainbow is due to dispersion of sunlight by the tiny droplets of water present in
the atmosphere. Twinkling of stars and early sunrise are due to atmospheric refraction.
OR
(c) The angle between the emergent ray and the incident ray is known as the angle of deviation
of a prism as shown in the following figure:
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Science Sample Paper With Answer

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Science Sample Paper With Answer

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SAMPLE PAPER TEST 01 FOR BOARD EXAM 2023

SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS : 80

(a) Mg is lighter element than dil. HCI.

3. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?

7. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the circuit:

(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 3 Ω

14. In the given reaction : ZnO + C → Zn + CO.

Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions. These consist of two statements –

26. Give reasons for the following observations:

28. (a) What is a solenoid?

32. (a) What is an ecosystem? List its two main components.

39. Case Study – 3

(a) Mg is lighter element than dil. HCI.

(a) If plants make their own food

5. A current-carrying conductor is held as shown:

7. At the time of short circuit, the electric current in the circuit:

(a) 1 Ω (b) 2 Ω (c) 4 Ω (d) 3 Ω

14. In the given reaction : ZnO + C → Zn + CO.

Q. no 17 to 20 are Assertion - Reasoning based questions. These consist of two statements –

S. No. Xylem Phloem

26. Give reasons for the following observations:

28. (a) What is a solenoid ?

(i) Four components should be labelled.

32. (a) What is an ecosystem? List its two main components.

The first member of alkenes homologous series is ethene.

The first member of alkynes homologous series is ethyne.

Organ Gland Secretion Enzymes Action of Enzyme

SECTION – E (Case Study Based Questions)

39. Case Study – 3

SUBJECT: SCIENCE MAX. MARKS: 80

(a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

2. Which of the following will turn phenolphthalein pink?

4. Why do we store silver chloride in dark-coloured bottles?

Which appears more accurate and why?

10. Choose the correct statement about heart.

13. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

19. Assertion (A): Lipase help in emulsification of fats.

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

29. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

34. If, in Figure Rl = 10 Ohms, R2 = 40 Ohms, R, = 30 Ohms, R4 = 20 Ohms, RA = 60 Ohms and a

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

38. Case Study – 2

39. Case Study - 3

(a) Zn + Ag(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2Ag

2. Which of the following will turn phenolphthalein pink?

Which appears more accurate and why?

10. Choose the correct statement about heart.

(a) P (b) Q (c) R (d) S

13. A pea plant is represented by Rr. This represents the

At which temperature is the resistance higher?

19. Assertion (A): Lipase help in emulsification of fats.

(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

(b) The brown gas X evolved is nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2).

29. Mention any three-information given by a chemical equation.

Ray diagram for image formation by convex mirror:

(b) ‘A’ is detergent and ‘B’ is soap

SECTION – E(Case Study Based Questions)

38. Case Study – 2

39. Case Study - 3

Color l(nm) Freq. (Hz)

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