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Lecture-1 Introduction To Matlab

The document provides an introduction to MATLAB for data communication, covering the creation and plotting of analog and digital signals. It explains key commands for clearing the workspace, defining parameters, and customizing plots, including the use of subplots and signal operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Additionally, it includes tasks for practicing these concepts with sine and cosine waves.

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roy5th.6th
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4 views15 pages

Lecture-1 Introduction To Matlab

The document provides an introduction to MATLAB for data communication, covering the creation and plotting of analog and digital signals. It explains key commands for clearing the workspace, defining parameters, and customizing plots, including the use of subplots and signal operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Additionally, it includes tasks for practicing these concepts with sine and cosine waves.

Uploaded by

roy5th.6th
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Matlab
Course : Data Communication Sessional
1.Sinusoidal Signal[analog]
y(t) = A sin(2πft+ θ) clc; clear all; close all;

Fs = 1000;
t = 0:1/Fs:1;
f = 5;
A = 2;

x = A*sin(2*pi*f*t);

plot(t,x);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Sinusoidal Signal');
grid on;
In MATLAB, these three commands are used to clear the workspace and command window:
1.clc:
•Clears the Command Window, removing all text and output displayed there.
•This is useful for cleaning up the screen and improving readability.
2.clear all:
•Removes all variables from the workspace.
•This is helpful when you want to start a new session without any existing variables interfering
with your calculations.
3.close all:
•Closes all open figures.
•This is useful when you have multiple figures open and want to clear them all at once.

Parameter Definition:
•Fs: Sampling frequency determines how many samples are taken per second.
•t: Time vector, created using 0:1/Fs:1, spans from 0 to 1 second with steps of 1/Fs.
•f: Frequency of the sinusoidal signal.
•A: Amplitude of the sinusoidal signal.
Plotting the Signal:
•plot(t,x): Plots the signal x against time t.
•xlabel, ylabel, and title: Add labels to the x-axis, y-axis, and the
plot title, respectively.
•grid on: Turns on the grid lines for better readability.
2. Digital Signal in MATLAB
clc; clear all; close all;
x = [1 0 1 1 0 0 1];

n = 0:length(x)-1;

stem(n, x);
axis([0 12 0 12]);

xlabel('Sample Index (n)');


ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Digital Signal');

grid on;
• Defining the Signal: We create a vector x to represent the digital
signal. Each element in x corresponds to a sample of the signal.
Creating the Time Vector: The n vector represents the sample
indices, starting from 0.

• Plotting the Signal: stem(n, x): This command creates a stem plot,
where the vertical lines represent the amplitude of each sample at
the corresponding time index.

• Adding Labels: xlabel, ylabel, and title are used to label the x-axis, y-
axis, and the entire plot, respectively.

• Customizing the Plot:


grid on: This command adds a grid to the plot for better readability.
3.Use of hold
clc; clear all; close all;
%For analog signal
Fs = 1000;
t = 0:1/Fs:1;
f = 5;
A = 2;
x = A*sin(2*pi*f*t);
plot(t,x);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Sinusoidal Signal');
grid off;
hold on;
%For digital Signal
x = [1 0 1 1 0 0 1];
n = 0:length(x)-1;
stem(n, x);
axis([0 10 0 10]);
xlabel('Sample Index (n)');
ylabel('Y');
title('Digital Signal');
grid on;
4.Use of subplot[two]
clc; clear all; close all;
t = 0:0.01:10;
x1 = sin(2*pi*t);
x2 = cos(2*pi*t/2);

subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t, x1);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Sine Wave');

subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t, x2, 'r--');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Cosine Wave');
Explanation:
•subplot(2,1,1); divides the figure into a 2x1 grid and selects the first subplot.
•subplot(2,1,2); selects the second subplot.
•The plot commands in each subplot plot the respective signals.

plot(t, x2, 'r--');


In this MATLAB code, 'r--' is a format string that specifies the color and line style of the plot.
•r: This specifies the color of the line, which is red.
•--: This specifies the line style, which is a dashed line.
So, 'r--' tells MATLAB to plot the data with a red dashed line.

plot(x, y1, 'b--'); % Blue dashed line


plot(x, y2, 'r:'); % Red dotted line
plot(x, y3, 'g-.'); % Green dash-dot line
Here are some common color and Line Styles:
line style formats you can use in •-: Solid line (default)
MATLAB's plot function: •--: Dashed line
Colors: •:: Dotted line
•b: Blue •-.: Dash-dot line
•g: Green Combining Color and Line Style:
•r: Red You can combine color and line style in a single
•c: Cyan format string:
•m: Magenta •b--: Blue dashed line
•y: Yellow •r:: Red dotted line
•k: Black •g-.: Green dash-dot line
•w: White
5.Use of subplot[four]
Task-
Draw 6 analog signal using
subplot
Use of subplot[four]
% Plot the second signal in the top-right subplot
% Time vector
subplot(2,2,2);
t = 0:0.01:10;
plot(t, x2, 'r--');
xlabel('Time (s)');
% Four different signals
ylabel('Amplitude');
x1 = sin(2*pi*t);
title('Cosine Wave');
x2 = cos(2*pi*t/2);
x3 = square(2*pi*t);
% Plot the third signal in the bottom-left subplot
x4 = sawtooth(2*pi*t);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(t, x3);
% Create a new figure
xlabel('Time (s)');
figure;
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Square Wave');
% Plot the first signal in the top-left subplot
subplot(2,2,1);
% Plot the fourth signal in the bottom-right subplot
plot(t, x1);
subplot(2,2,4);
xlabel('Time (s)');
plot(t, x4);
ylabel('Amplitude');
xlabel('Time (s)');
title('Sine Wave');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('Sawtooth Wave');
Task: Plot Signals in Different Figure
6.Signal Operations:
Addition and Subtraction:
t = 0:0.01:10;
x1 = sin(2*pi*5*t);
x2 = cos(2*pi*3*t);
x3 = x1 + x2;
x4 = x1 - x2;
plot(t,x1,t,x2,t,x3,t,x4);
legend('x1','x2','x1+x2','x1-x2');
Task:
1. Draw 1 sine wave, 1 cos wave and 1 addition of these two-wave using subplot
2. Draw 1 sine wave, 1 cos wave and 1 subtract of these two-wave using subplot
7.Multiplication and Division:
t = 0:0.01:10;
x1 = sin(2*pi*5*t);
x2 = cos(2*pi*3*t);
x3 = x1 .* x2;
x4 = x1 ./ x2;
plot(t,x1,t,x2,t,x3,t,x4);
legend('x1','x2','x1*x2','x1/x2');

Task:
1. Draw 1 sine wave, 1 cos wave and 1 multiplication of these two-wave using subplot
2. Draw 1 sine wave, 1 cos wave and 1 division of these two-wave using subplot

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