Basic Troubleshooting: Comprehensive Reviewer

1. Common Computer Problems and Solutions

• Slow Performance:
o Causes: Running too many applications at once, insufficient RAM, or
malware.
o Solutions: Close unnecessary programs, restart the computer, or clear
cache files. Run a malware scan if necessary.
• Frozen Screen:
o Causes: Software or hardware malfunction, often due to high memory
usage.
o Solutions: Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete to open the Task Manager and end
unresponsive tasks. Restart the computer if it remains frozen.
• No Internet Connection:
o Causes: Router issues, loose cables, or network configuration problems.
o Solutions: Check if the router is working and cables are connected.
Restart the router and verify network settings.
• Unresponsive Software:
o Causes: Software bugs or system compatibility issues.
o Solutions: Force close the software, restart it, or reinstall if the problem
persists. Ensure the software is updated.
• Audio Issues:
o Causes: Volume settings, outdated drivers, or hardware issues with
speakers.
o Solutions: Check if the sound is muted or if the correct audio output is
selected. Update audio drivers if necessary.

2. Basic Software and Hardware Troubleshooting

• Software Troubleshooting:
o Restart the Application: Many software issues are temporary and can be
resolved by simply restarting the app.
o Reinstall the Software: For persistent issues, uninstalling and reinstalling the
software may fix compatibility or corruption problems.
o Check for Updates: Ensure the software is updated to the latest version to
avoid bugs and security issues.
• Hardware Troubleshooting:
o Check Physical Connections: Ensure all cables, power cords, and devices
are properly connected.
o Restart the Device: Sometimes, a reboot can clear minor hardware issues.
o Use Device Manager: For Windows, Device Manager helps check if drivers
are installed or if there are hardware conflicts.
o Replace Components: In cases of faulty hardware, like a non-functioning
mouse or keyboard, try replacing with a known working component.
• Peripheral Troubleshooting:
 o Printer Issues: Ensure the printer is connected, has paper and ink, and
check for paper jams. Restart the printer if needed.
o External Drives: Check cable connections and ports, and try connecting
the drive to another computer to rule out hardware failure.

3. Understanding Error Messages and Warnings

• What are Error Messages?
o Definition: Error messages provide information about issues with software
or hardware that prevent a computer from functioning properly.
o Types of Errors:
▪ System Errors: Related to operating system malfunctions, such as
“blue screen of death” (BSOD) in Windows.
▪ Application Errors: Specific to software, such as missing files or
access permissions.
▪ Hardware Errors: Indicate physical issues, like connectivity or
hardware failure.
• Common Error Messages and What They Mean:
o “Access Denied”: Indicates restricted permissions, often due to security
settings or user accounts.
o “File Not Found”: Means the file cannot be located, possibly due to
deletion, renaming, or moving to a different folder.
o “Low Disk Space”: The storage drive is almost full; free up space by
deleting unnecessary files.
o “Driver Error”: Driver issues for specific hardware like a printer or graphics
card; update or reinstall the driver.
• Troubleshooting Errors:
o Look Up Error Codes: If an error code appears, searching it online can
provide specific troubleshooting steps.
o Check Documentation: User manuals and online help often provide
solutions for common errors.

4. Introduction to System Updates and Maintenance

• Importance of System Updates:
o Security: Updates often include security patches that protect against
malware and unauthorized access.
o Performance Enhancements: System updates may improve speed and
efficiency by fixing bugs.
o Compatibility: Updates keep software compatible with the latest
hardware and applications.
• Types of Updates:
o Operating System Updates: Include security patches, performance
improvements, and new features.
o Driver Updates: Hardware components like graphics cards and network
adapters need updated drivers for optimal performance.
 o Software Updates: Applications require updates to add features, fix bugs,
and ensure compatibility.
• Basic Maintenance Tasks:
o Disk Cleanup: Removes unnecessary files, freeing up storage and
improving performance.
o Defragmenting (for HDDs): Helps organize files, making data retrieval faster
(Note: not required for SSDs).
o Antivirus Scans: Regular scans ensure the system is free from malware.
o Clearing Browser Cache: Speeds up browsing and frees up disk space.

5. When to Seek Professional Help

• Signs Professional Help is Needed:
o Persistent Problems: Issues that repeatedly occur despite troubleshooting
(e.g., recurring blue screens).
o Hardware Malfunctions: Physical issues with components like the
motherboard, power supply, or hard drive, which require technical
expertise.
o Data Recovery Needs: If data is lost or corrupted and standard recovery
methods fail, professionals can often retrieve it.
o Security Breaches: In case of severe malware or hacking issues,
professional intervention is advised for safe and thorough cleanup.
o System Failure: If the system cannot boot or displays critical errors, it may
need diagnostics that require technical tools and knowledge.
• Choosing the Right Professional:
o Look for Certification: Certified technicians often have specific expertise in
troubleshooting.
o Check Reviews: Reliable reviews or referrals can ensure quality service.
o Explain the Problem Clearly: Describe symptoms and steps already taken
to help the technician diagnose the issue faster.

Sample Questions for Review

1. What are common causes of a slow computer, and how can you troubleshoot
them?
2. Describe the difference between software and hardware troubleshooting.
3. What steps can you take if you see a “File Not Found” error?
4. Why are system updates important for maintaining computer performance and
security?
5. List three error messages you may encounter and explain what they mean.
6. What types of system maintenance tasks can you perform to optimize
performance?
7. When is it advisable to seek professional help for computer issues?
8. Explain the purpose of Device Manager in hardware troubleshooting on
Windows.