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The document provides an overview of computer networking, focusing on the importance of cabling, specifically straight-through and crossover cables. It details their definitions, purposes, pin configurations, and key differences, as well as the structure and color coding of Ethernet cables. Understanding these concepts is essential for effective network setup and maintenance.

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Anisha Sehrawat
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views3 pages

class 1 bcn

The document provides an overview of computer networking, focusing on the importance of cabling, specifically straight-through and crossover cables. It details their definitions, purposes, pin configurations, and key differences, as well as the structure and color coding of Ethernet cables. Understanding these concepts is essential for effective network setup and maintenance.

Uploaded by

Anisha Sehrawat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Introduction to Computer Networking

Computer networking is the practice of connecting multiple computing devices to share resources,
exchange data, and enable communication. Networks rely on physical and logical infrastructure to
function, and one of the fundamental components is cabling. Cables serve as the medium through
which data travels between devices, making them essential for wired networks.

Two commonly used types of network cables are crossover cables and straight-through cables,
which follow specific wiring standards to ensure proper communication. Additionally, understanding
the color coding of wires within Ethernet cables is crucial for correct installation and troubleshooting.

2. Cross-Over and Straight-Through Cables

Straight-Through Cables

• Definition: A straight-through cable is a type of Ethernet cable in which the wiring is the
same on both ends. It follows either the T568A or T568B standard on both connectors.

• Purpose: These cables are used to connect different types of devices, such as:

o A computer to a router or switch.

o A switch to a hub.

• Pin Configuration:

o The pinout on both ends of the cable is identical, meaning Pin 1 on one connector
connects to Pin 1 on the other connector, and so on.

• T568B Color Code:

o Pin 1: Orange/White

o Pin 2: Orange

o Pin 3: Green/White

o Pin 4: Blue

o Pin 5: Blue/White

o Pin 6: Green

o Pin 7: Brown/White

o Pin 8: Brown

Crossover Cables

• Definition: A crossover cable has different wiring on each end. One connector follows the
T568A standard, while the other follows T568B.

• Purpose: These cables are used to connect similar types of devices, such as:

o A computer to another computer (PC to PC).

o A switch to another switch.


o A router to another router.

• Pin Configuration:

o End 1 (T568A):

▪ Pin 1: Green/White

▪ Pin 2: Green

▪ Pin 3: Orange/White

▪ Pin 4: Blue

▪ Pin 5: Blue/White

▪ Pin 6: Orange

▪ Pin 7: Brown/White

▪ Pin 8: Brown

o End 2 (T568B):

▪ Pin 1: Orange/White

▪ Pin 2: Orange

▪ Pin 3: Green/White

▪ Pin 4: Blue

▪ Pin 5: Blue/White

▪ Pin 6: Green

▪ Pin 7: Brown/White

▪ Pin 8: Brown

Key Differences Between Straight-Through and Crossover Cables

Feature Straight-Through Cable Crossover Cable

Purpose Connect different devices Connect similar devices

Pin Configuration Same on both ends Different on each end

Use Case Examples PC to Switch, Router to PC PC to PC, Switch to Switch

3. Solid and Dotted (Striped) Color Wires

Structure of Ethernet Cables

Ethernet cables, such as Cat5, Cat5e, and Cat6, consist of twisted pairs of wires. Each pair contains
two wires:

• One wire is solid-colored.


• The other wire is striped (a combination of the same color and white).

Color Coding Standards

There are two main wiring standards for Ethernet cables:

1. T568A

2. T568B

The wires inside the cable follow specific color codes to ensure proper pairing and signal
transmission.

Purpose of Solid and Striped Wires

• Solid Wires:

o Serve as the main signal carrier within each pair.

o Represent one half of the twisted pair.

• Striped (Dotted) Wires:

o Paired with their corresponding solid-colored wire to complete the circuit.

o Help identify matching pairs during cable termination or troubleshooting.

Twisted Pairs

The wires are twisted in pairs to reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and crosstalk between
the wires. Each pair is assigned a specific color:

• Pair 1: Blue (solid) & Blue/White (striped)

• Pair 2: Orange (solid) & Orange/White (striped)

• Pair 3: Green (solid) & Green/White (striped)

• Pair 4: Brown (solid) & Brown/White (striped)

This organization is critical when wiring connectors to maintain consistent communication and avoid
errors.

4. Conclusion

Understanding the differences between crossover and straight-through cables, as well as the role of
solid and dotted color wires, is essential for setting up and maintaining a functional wired network.
Proper cable selection ensures efficient data transmission and reduces connection issues. With
modern advancements like Auto-MDIX, some networking devices can automatically adjust for cable
type, but knowing the basics of cable wiring remains an invaluable skill for network administrators
and IT professionals.

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