RAJAGIRI PUBLIC SCHOOL

Doha, Qatar

CHAPTERWISE IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

XII - MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER – 3 & 4 – Matrices & Determinants

5𝑖 + 3𝑗 𝑖𝑓 𝑖 < 𝑗
1. Construct a matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3𝑥3 where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = { 7 𝑖𝑓 𝑖 = 𝑗
4𝑖 − 3𝑗 𝑖𝑓 𝑖 > 𝑗
3 8
2. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 − 𝑚𝐴 + 𝑛𝐼 = 0, find the values of m and n. Hence find 𝐴−1
2 1
3 5 2
3. Express 𝐴 = [1 7 4] as the sum of symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices.
4 −5 8
4. If A and B are symmetric matrices of same order then show that AB-BA is skew
symmetric matrix.

5. Show that the matrix B’AB is symmetric or skew symmetric accordingly when A is
symmetric or skew symmetric.
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
6. Find the matrix 𝑋 so that 𝑋 [ ]=[ ]
4 5 6 2 4 6
2 −1 1
7. If 𝐴 = [−1 2 −1] then show that 𝐴3 − 6𝐴2 + 9𝐴 − 4𝐼 = 0 and hence find 𝐴−1
1 −1 2
8. Find the value of ‘k’ if the area of the triangle ABC with A(2,-6) , B(5,4) and C(k,4)
is 35 sq.units.
9. Solve the system of equations:
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7
3𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 5𝑧 = −5
2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 12

10. Solve the following system of equations:

2 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 2
− 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10 ; 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 10 ; 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 13
𝑥

2 3 1 1 10 7
11. Using the product [1 −1 2 ] [9 −9 −3] solve the system of equations:
3 1 −3 4 7 −5
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 6
𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 13
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 3𝑧 = −10
−4 4 4 1 −1 1
12. Determine the product [−7 1 3 ] [1 −2 −2] and hence solve the system of
5 −3 −1 2 1 3
equations:
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1 ; −𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4 ; 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 0

13. Find the equation of the line joining the points A(1,2) and B93,6) using the
determinant method.
 14. A trust fund, ₹35,000 is to be invested in two different types of bonds. The first
bond pays 8% interest per annum which will be given to orphanage and second
bond pays 10% interest per annum which will be given to an NGO. Using matrix
multiplication, determine how to divide ₹35,000 among two types of bonds if the
trust fund obtains an annual total interest of ₹3,200.

2 1
15. If 𝐴 = [ ] verify that (𝐴𝑇 )−1 = (𝐴−1 )𝑇
3 5
CHAPTER – 5 – Differentiation

𝑑𝑦
1. If 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 = 1 then find 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 log 𝑥
2. If 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 then prove that = (1+log 𝑥)2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
3. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(cos 𝜃 + 𝜃 sin 𝜃); 𝑦 = 𝑎(sin 𝜃 − 𝜃 cos 𝜃) then find 𝑑𝑥
4. Differentiate 𝑥 cos 𝑥 w.r.t (cos 𝑥)𝑥
5. If 𝑦 = log(𝑥 + √𝑥 2 + 1), prove that (𝑥 2 + 1)𝑦2 + 𝑥𝑦1 = 0
6. If 𝑦 = (sin−1 𝑥)2, prove that(1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦1 − 2 = 0
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
7. If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛 then prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1 1
8. Find if 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝜃 (𝜃 + 𝜃) and 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝜃 (𝜃 + 𝜃)
𝑑𝑥
9. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 sin 𝑏𝑥, show that 𝑦” − 2𝑎𝑦 ′ + (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )𝑦 = 0
𝑎𝑥

10. If 𝑥 = sin 𝑡, 𝑦 = sin 𝑃𝑡 then prove that (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦” − 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑃2 𝑦 = 0

𝑑𝑦 1
11. If 𝑦 = √log 𝑥 + √log 𝑥 + √log 𝑥 + ⋯ … … ∝ show that (2𝑦 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑑𝑦 sin2(𝑎+𝑦)
12. If sin 𝑦 = 𝑥 sin(𝑎 + 𝑦), show that =
𝑑𝑥 sin 𝑎
𝑑𝑦 (1+log 𝑦)2
13. If 𝑦 = 𝑒
𝑥 𝑦−𝑥
prove that =
𝑑𝑥 log 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
14. If 𝑒 + 𝑒 = 𝑒
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
, show that = −𝑒 𝑦−𝑥
𝑑𝑥
−1
15. If 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑎 cos 𝑥 , show that (1 − 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦1 − 𝑎2 𝑦 = 0
1 𝑦
16. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 , prove that 𝑦2 − 𝑦 𝑦12 − 𝑥 = 0
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦
17. log(√𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = tan−1 (𝑥 ), prove that = 𝑥−𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
18. If 𝑥 = √𝑎sin−1 𝑡 ;𝑦 = √𝑎 cos−1 𝑡 , show that = −𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 −𝑦(𝑦+𝑥 log 𝑦)
19. If 𝑥 𝑦 . 𝑦 𝑥 = 1, prove that =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥(𝑦 log 𝑥+𝑥)
𝑑𝑦
20. If 𝑦 = (sin 𝑥) cos 𝑥
+ (cos 𝑥) sin 𝑥
then find 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝜋
21. If 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑒 𝜃 (sin
𝜃 − cos 𝜃), 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒 𝜃 (sin
𝜃 + cos 𝜃) find the value of at 𝜃 =
𝑑𝜃 4
1
22. If 𝑥 = tan (𝑎 log 𝑦), show that (1 + 𝑥 2 )𝑦2 + (2𝑥 − 𝑎)𝑦1 = 0
𝑥
23. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 log (𝑎+𝑏𝑥), show that 𝑥 3 𝑦2 = (𝑥𝑦1 − 𝑦)2
3
√𝑥(𝑥+4) ⁄2
24. Find the derivative of 4 w.r.t 𝑥
(4𝑥−3) ⁄3
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦
25. If 𝑥 = 𝑎(cos 𝑡 + 𝑡 sin 𝑡), 𝑦 = 𝑎(sin 𝑡 − 𝑡 cos 𝑡) find , 𝑑𝑡 2 and
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 2
2
2𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
26. If 𝑥 = 𝑎 cos 𝜃 + 𝑏 sin 𝜃, 𝑦 = 𝑎 sin 𝜃 − 𝑏 cos 𝜃 show that 𝑦 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
27. If 𝑦√1 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑥√1 − 𝑦 2 = 1, show that = −√1−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
CHAPTER – 6 – APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES

RATE OF CHANGE:

1. The area of an expanding rectangle is increasing at the rate of 48 cm2/s. The

length of the rectangle is always equal to the square of the breadth. At what rate
the length is increasing at the instant when the breadth is 4.5 cm?

2. Sand is being poured at the rate of 0.3 m3/s into a conical pile. If the height of the
conical pile is thrice the radius of the base, find the rate of change of height when
the pile is 5 m high.

3. The two equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base ‘b’ are decreasing at the
rate of 3 cm per second. How fast is the area decreasing when the two equal sides
are equal to the base?

4. A man 2 metres high walks at a uniform speed of 5 km/hr away from a lamp post
6 metres high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increases.

5. A kite is flying at a height of 3 m and 5 m of string is out. If the kite is moving

away horizontally at the rate of 200 cm/s, find the rate at which the string is being
released.

6. The balloon is in the form of a right circular cone surmounted by a hemisphere,

having a diameter equal to the height of the cone. It is being inflated by a pump.
How fast is its volume changing w.r.t its total height ‘h’, when h is 3 cm?

7. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone with its axis vertical
and vertex lowermost. Its semi vertical angle is tan−1(0.5). Water is poured into it a
constant rate of 5m3 per hour. Find the rate at which the level of the water is ris-
ing at the instant when the depth of water in the tank is 4m.

INCREASING & DECREASING FUNCTION:

8. Find the intervals on which the following functions are strictly increasing or strict-
ly decreasing:
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 1
3 4 36
b) 𝑓(𝑥) = 10 𝑥 4 − 5 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 11
5

9. Find the intervals on which the following functions are strictly increasing or strict-
ly decreasing:
a) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋

b) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − cos 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋

c) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 − √3cos 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
𝜋
d) 𝑓(𝑥) = sin4 𝑥 + cos 4 𝑥 𝑜𝑛 [0, 2 ]
4 sin 𝑥−2𝑥−𝑥 cos 𝑥
e) 𝑓(𝑥) = , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋
2+cos 𝑥
 2𝑥
10. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = log(1 + 𝑥) − 2+𝑥 is strictly increasing on (−1, ∞).

4 sin 𝜃 𝜋
11. Show that 𝑦 = 2+cos 𝜃 − 𝜃 is a strictly increasing function on the interval (0, 2 )

MAXIMA & MINIMA

1. If lengths of three sides of a trapezium other than base are equal to 10 cm, then
find the area of the trapezium when it is maximum.

2. An open box with a square base is to be made out of given quantity of sheet of ar-
3
ea 𝑎2 . Show that the maximum volume of the box is 𝑎 ⁄ .
6√3
3. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If
the perimeter of the window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will
produce the largest area of the window.

4. Find the dimensions of the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a
semicircle of radius ‘r’ with one of its sides on the diameter of the semicircle.

5. A wire of length 36 cm is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made
into a square and other into an equilateral triangle. Where should the wire be cut
so that the combined area is minimum?

6. An open tank with a square base and vertical sides is to be constructed from a
metal sheet so as to hold a given quantity of water. Show that the total surface ar-
ea is least when the depth of the tank is half of its width.

7. Show that the maximum volume of the cylinder which can be inscribed in a
sphere of radius 5√3 cm is 500𝜋 cm3.

8. Prove that the semi vertical angle of right circular cone of given volume and least
C.S.A is cot −1 √2.

9. A rectangular sheet of tin 45 cm by 24 cm is to be made into a box without top, by

cutting off square from each corner and folding up the flaps. What should be the
side of the square to be cut off so that the volume of the box is maximum?

10. Prove that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere of radi-
8
us R is 27 of the volume of the sphere.

11. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of the maximum volume and of given
slant height is tan−1 √2.
 12. A tank with rectangular base and rectangular sides, open at the top is to be con-
structed so that its depth is 2 m and volume is 8 m3. If building of tank costs Rs
70 per sq.metres for the base and Rs 45 per square metre for sides. What is the
cost of least expensive tank?

13. Show that the altitude of the right circular cone of maximum volume that can be
4𝑟
inscribed in a sphere of radius 𝑟 is 3 .

14. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in
2𝑅
a sphere of radius R is . Also find the maximum volume.
√3

15. Show that height of the cylinder of greatest volume which can be inscribed in a
right circular cone of height ℎ and semi vertical angle 𝛼 is one-third that of the
4
cone and the greatest volume of cylinder is 𝜋ℎ3 tan2 𝛼.
27

16. A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at distances 𝑎 and 𝑏 from the sides of
3⁄
2⁄ 2⁄ 2
the triangle. Show that the minimum length of the hypotenuse is (𝑎 3 +𝑏 3)

17. Find the point on the curve 𝑦 2 = 4𝑥 which is nearest to the point (2,-8).

CHAPTER – 1 – Relations & Functions

1. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [−5, ∝] given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that f is invertible.

2. Show that the relation R on a set 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by

𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4} is an equivalence relation.

𝑥 + 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
3. Show that the function f:N→N defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = { is one-one and
𝑥 − 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
onto.
𝑛+1
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
4. Show that the function f:N→N defined by 𝑓(𝑛) = { 𝑛2 is onto but not
𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
2
one-one.

5. Let 𝐴 = {1,2, … … … 8,9} and R be relation on AxA defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)R(𝑐, 𝑑) iff 𝑎 + 𝑑 =
𝑏 + 𝑐. Prove that R is equivalence and find equivalence classes of (1,3).

6. Show that the relation R on the NxN defined by (𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) iff 𝑎𝑑(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑑)
is an equivalence relation.

7. Show that the relation R on the set R of real numbers, defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 2 }
is neither reflexive nor symmetric non transitive.
 8. Check whether the relation R in R defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏 3 } is reflexive, sym-
metric or transitive.

CHAPTER – 8 - APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRALS

1. Find the area by the curve 𝑥 2 = 4𝑦 and the straight line 𝑥 = 4𝑦 −2

3𝑥 2
2. Find the area of the region included between the parabola 𝑦 = and the line 3𝑥 −
4

2𝑦 + 12 = 0.

3. Prove that the area in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line 𝑥 = √3𝑦
𝜋
and the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4 is 3 .

4. Find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 1 ≤ 𝑥 + 𝑦}

5. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎𝑥 and the chord

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥.

6. Find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 2 + 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 𝑥 + 1, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2}

7. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the triangle whose verti-
ces are (-1,0), (1,3) and (3,2).

8. Using integration, find the area of the region bounded by the lines 2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 4, 3𝑥 −
2𝑦 = 6 and 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 5 = 0.

9. Using integration, find the area of the region {(𝑥, 𝑦): 9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≤ 36, 3𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 6}.

10. Prove that the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = √16 − 𝑥 2 and X-axis is 8𝜋 sq.units.

11. Find the area of the region bounded by the curves 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑦 = 𝑥, 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 3.

CHAPTER – 9 – DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Solve the following differential equations:

1. (𝑥𝑦 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 𝑦 + 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

2. (1 + 𝑒 2𝑥 )𝑑𝑦 + (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 0; 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 1

−1 𝑦
3. (1 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 − 𝑒 − tan )𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0
 𝑥 𝑥
4. 2𝑦𝑒 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 1

𝑑𝑦
5. (1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 = (𝑥 2 + 2)(𝑥 2 + 1)

𝑑𝑦 𝜋
6. + 𝑦 cot 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 𝑥 2 cot 𝑥; 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥

7. (3𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝑥
𝑥⁄ 𝑥
8. (1 + 𝑒 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑦 (1 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑦 = 0

9. √1 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 = (sin−1 𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦; 𝑦(0) = 0

10. (𝑦 − 2 log 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0

CHAPTER – 13 – PROBABILITY

TOPIC: Probability Distribution Table

1. Find the probability distribution table of the number of doublets in 3 throws of a

pair of dice.

2. There are 4 rotten eggs in a lot of 20 eggs. If two eggs are drawn simultaneously
then find the probability distribution of the number of rotten eggs.

3. A coin is biased so that the head is 3 times as likely to occur as tails. If the coin is
tossed twice, find the probability distribution and expectation of number of tails.

4. In a group of 50 students in a camp, 30 are well trained in first aid techniques

while the remaining are well trained in hospitality but not in first aid. Two scouts
are selected at random from the group. Find the probability distribution of number
of selected scouts who are well trained in first aid.

5. An urn contains 5 red and 2 black balls. Two balls are drawn without replace-
ment. Let X represents the number of black balls drawn. What are the possible
values of X? Find the mean and variance of X.

6. Three cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability distribution of
the number of aces.

7. From a lot of 10 items containing 3 defectives, a sample of 4 items is drawn at

random. Let a random variable X denote the number of defective items in the
sample. Find:
(a) The probability distribution of X
 (b) P(X≤1)
(c) P(0<x<2)

8. Let X denote the number of hours you study during a randomly selected school
0.1 𝑖𝑓 𝑟 = 0
𝑘𝑟 𝑖𝑓 𝑟 = 1 𝑜𝑟 2
day. It is given that 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑟) = {
𝑘(5 − 𝑟) 𝑖𝑓 𝑟 = 3 𝑜𝑟 4
0, 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

(i) Find the value of k

(ii) Find the probability that you study at least 2 hours
(iii) Find the probability that you study at most 2 hours
(iv) Find the probability that you study exactly 2 hours

9. Out of a group of 8 highly qualified doctors in a hospital, 6 are very kind and co-
operative with their patients and so are very popular, while the other two remain
reserved. For a health camp, three doctors are selected at random. Find the prob-
ability distribution of the number of very popular doctors.
10. There are 5 cards numbered 1 to 5. 2 cards are drawn at random without re-
placement. Let x denote the sum of the numbers on 2 cards drawn. Find the mean
and the variance of x.

TOPIC: Conditional Probability

1. Two dice are thrown once. Find the probability of getting a total of 8, if it is given
that doublet has appeared.
Ans: 1⁄6

2. A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards and it is found to be a king

card. Find the probability that the drawn card is a black card.
Ans: 1⁄2

3. 12 cards, numbered 1 to 12 are placed in box, mixed up thoroughly and then a

card is drawn at random from the box, if it is known that number on the drawn
card is more than 3, find the probability that it is an even number.
Ans: 5⁄9

4. An instructor has a question bank consisting of 300 easy True/False questions,

200 difficult True/False questions, 500 easy MCQ’s and 400 difficult MCQ’s. If a
question is selected at random from the question bank, what is the probability
that it will be an easy question given that it is MCQ?
Ans: 5⁄9

5. Mother, father and son line up at random for a family picture. Determine P(E/F),
where
E: son at one end
F: father in the middle
Ans: 1

6. Assume that each born child is equally likely to be a boy or a girl. If a family has
two children, what is the conditional probability that both are girls given that:
 (a) At least one is a girl
(b) Younger child is a girl
Ans: (a) 1⁄3 (b) 1⁄2

7. Consider the experiment of throwing a die. If a multiple of 3 comes up, throw the
die again and if any other number comes up, toss a coin. Find the conditional
probability of the event ‘the coin shows a tail’ given that at least one die shows 3.
Ans: 0

TOPIC: Baye’s Theorem

1. In a certain college, 4% of boys and 1% of girls are taller than 1.75 metres. Fur-
thermore, 60% of the students in college are girls. A student is selected at random
from the college and is found to be taller than 1.75 m. Find the probability that
the selected student is a girl.

2. In a test, an examinee either knows the answer or guesses or copies the answer to
1
an MCQ with four choices. The probability that he makes a guess is 6 and the
1
probability that he copies the answer is 9. The probability that his answer is cor-
1
rect given that he copied is 8. Find the probability that he knew the answer given
that he completely answered it.

3. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls, and Bag II contains 4 red and 5 black
balls. One black ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then two balls are
drawn at random from Bag II. The balls so drawn are found to be both red in col-
our. Find the probability that the transferred ball is red.

4. A man is known to speak truth 3 out 5 times. He throws a coin and reports that it
is a head. Find the probability that it is actually head.

5. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets 5 or 6, she tosses a coin three times and
notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4 she tosses a coin once and
notes either a head or tail is obtained. If she obtains exactly one head, what is the
probability that she threw 1, 2, 3 or 4 with the die?

6. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two
cards are drawn and are found to be both diamonds. Find the probability of the
lost card being a diamond.

7. There are three coins. One is two headed coin, another is a biased coin that comes
up 75% of the time and the third coin is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins
is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads. What is the probability that it
was the two headed coin?

8. By examining the chest x-ray, the probability that TB is detected when a person
actually sufferin is 0.99. The probability of a healthy person diagnosed to have TB
is 0.001. In a certain city, 1 in 1000 persons is suffering from TB. A person is se-
lected at random and is diagnosed to have TB. What is the probability that he ac-
tually has TB?

9. Of the students in a college, it is known that 60% reside in hostel and 40% are day
scholars. Previous year results report that 30% of all students who reside in hostel
 attain A grade and 20% of day scholars attain A grade in their annual examina-
tion. At the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the college and
he has an A grade, what is the probability that the student is a hostler?

10. A doctor is to visit a patient. From the past experience, it is known that the proba-
bilities that he will come by train, bus, scooter or by other means of transport are
3 1 1 2 1 1 1
respectively 10 , 5 , 10 and 5. The probability that he will be later are 4 , 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 12 when
he comes by train, bus and scooter respectively but if he comes by other means of
transport he will not be late. When he arrives, he is late. What is the probability
that he comes by train?

11. A letter is known to have come either from TATANAGAR or CALCUTTA. On the en-
velope just two consecutive letters TA are visible. What is the probability that the
letter has come from CALCUTTA?

12. In shop A, 30 tins pure ghee and 40 tins adulterated ghee was kept for sale while
in shop B, 50 tins pure ghee and 60 tins adulterated ghee are there. One tin of
ghee is purchased and it is found to be adulterated. Find the probability that it is
purchased from shop B.
TOTAL PROBABILITY

1. A purse contains 4 silver and 5 copper coins. Another purse contains 3 silver and
7 copper coins. If a coin is taken out at random from one of the purses, what is
the probability that it is a copper coin?
Ans: 113⁄180

2. A person has undertaken a construction job. The probabilities are 0.65 that there
will be a strike, 0.80 that that the construction job will be completed on time if
there is no strike, and 0.32 that the construction job will completed on time if
there is strike. Determine the probability that the construction job will be complet-
ed on time.
Ans: 0.488

3. Three groups A, B and C are competing for positions on the Board of Directors of a
company. The probabilities of their winning are 0.5, 0.3 and 0.2 respectively. If
group A wins, the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corre-
sponding probabilities for groups B and C are 0.6 and 0.5 respectively. Find the
probability that new product will be introduced.
Ans: 0.63

4. An urn contains 3 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its colour is
noted and returned to the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the colour noted
down, are put in the urn and then two balls are drawn at random (without re-
placement) from the urn. Find the probability that both the balls drawn are of red
colour.
Ans: 1⁄8

5. There are two bags, one which contains 5 black and 4 white balls, while the other
contains 4 black and 3 white balls. A fair die is thrown, if the face 2 or 4 turns up,
a ball is chosen from the first bag and if any other face turns up, a ball is chosen
from the second bag. Find the probability of choosing a black ball.
 Ans: 107⁄189

6. Two cards are drawn from a pack of 52 cards at random and kept out. Then one
card is drawn from the remaining 50 cards. Find the probability that it is an ace.
Ans: 1⁄13

7. The ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls in a class is 1:2. It is known
that the probabilities of a girl and a boy getting a first division are 0.25 and 0.28
respectively. Find the probability that a student chosen at random will get first di-
vision.
Ans: 0.26

PROBABILITY - INDEPENDENT EVENTS

1. Probabilities of solving specific problem independently by A and B are 1⁄2 and 1⁄3
respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently. Find the probability
that:
(i) The problem is solved
(ii) Exactly one of them solves the problem
Ans: (i) 2⁄3 (ii) 1⁄2

3
2. The probability of student A passing an examination is 5 and of student B passing
is 4⁄5. Find the probability of neither of the two passing the exams.
Ans: 2⁄25

3. A and B throw a pair of dice by turn. The first to throw a total of 9 is awarded a
9
prize. If A starts the game, show that the probability of A getting a prize is 17.

4. A drawer contains 50 bolts and 150 nuts. Half of the bolts and half of the nuts are
rusted. If one item is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is a rusted
or a bolt?
Ans: 5⁄8

2 1
5. If A and B are two independent events such that 𝑃(𝐴̅ ∩ 𝐵) = 15 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵̅ ) = 6
then find 𝑃(𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐵)
1 1 5 4
Ans: 𝑃(𝐴) = 5 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 6 OR 𝑃(𝐴) = 6 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 5

TOPIC: VECTORS

1. The scalar product of vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector along the sum of the
vectors 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to 1. Find the value of λ.
2. If 𝛼⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ and 𝛽⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ then express 𝛽⃗ in the form of 𝛽⃗ = 𝛽
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1 + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗1
𝛽2 where 𝛽
is parallel to 𝛼⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝛽2 is perpendicular to 𝛼⃗.
3. Let 𝑎̂, 𝑏̂ and 𝑐̂ are unit vectors such that 𝑎̂. 𝑏̂ = 𝑎̂. 𝑐̂ = 0 and the angle between 𝑏̂
𝜋
and 𝑐̂ is 6 , then prove that 𝑎̂ = ±2(𝑏̂𝑋𝑐̂ )
4. Let 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 3𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂. Find a vector 𝑑⃗ which is
perpendicular to both 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗, and 𝑐⃗. 𝑑⃗ = 15
5. The magnitude of the vector product of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ with a unit vector
along the sum of vectors 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂ − 5𝑘̂ and 𝜆𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ is equal to √2. Find the
value of λ.
6. If 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ are three vectors such that 𝑎⃗𝑋𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ 𝑋𝑐⃗ = 𝑎⃗, prove that |𝑏⃗⃗| = 1 and |𝑎⃗| =
|𝑐⃗|

7. If 𝑎⃗ ≠ ⃗0⃗, 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗. 𝑐⃗ and 𝑎⃗𝑋𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑎⃗𝑋𝑐⃗ then show that 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑐⃗
8. Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane of triangle ABC, where A(3,-1,2),
B(1,-1,-3) and C(4,-3,1).
9. The projections of a vector on the coordinate axes are 2, 3 and -6. Find the di-
rection cosines of the vector.
10. Let 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗, 𝑐⃗ be three vectors of magnitudes 3, 4 and 5 respectively. If each one is
perpendicular to the sum of the other two vectors, prove that |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| = 5√2

11. Three vectors 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ satisfy the condition 𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗ = ⃗0⃗. Evaluate the quantity
𝜇 = 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗. 𝑐⃗ + 𝑐⃗. 𝑎⃗, if |𝑎⃗| = 1, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 4 and |𝑐⃗| = 2.

12. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, find a unit vector parallel to the
vector 2𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ + 3𝑐⃗.
13. Find the position vector of a point R which divides the line joining two points P
and Q whose position vectors are (2𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) and (𝑎⃗ − 3𝑏⃗⃗ ) externally in the ratio
1:2. Also, show that P is the mid point of the line segment RQ.
2
14. Evaluate (𝑎⃗𝑋𝑖̂)2 + (𝑎⃗𝑋𝑗̂)2 + (𝑎⃗𝑋𝑘̂)
15. If 𝑎̂ and 𝑏̂ are unit vector inclined at an angle 𝜃 then prove that:
𝜃 1 𝜃 𝑎̂−𝑏̂
(i) sin 2 = 2 |𝑎̂ − 𝑏̂| (ii) tan 2 = |𝑎̂+𝑏̂|

16. Let 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ be vectors such that |𝑎⃗| = |𝑏⃗⃗| = |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗ | = 1, then find |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗|.

17. Find |𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗|, if two vectors 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗⃗ are such that |𝑎⃗| = 2, |𝑏⃗⃗| = 3 and 𝑎⃗. 𝑏⃗⃗ = 4.

18. If 𝑎⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = −𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 𝑐⃗ = 3𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ are such that 𝑎⃗ + 𝜆𝑏⃗⃗ is perpen-
dicular to 𝑐⃗, then find the value of λ.
19. Find a unit vector perpendicular to each of the vectors (𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗) and (𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗⃗), where
𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂, 𝑏⃗⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂.
20. Find the vector of magnitude 15 units in the direction of vector 𝑖̂ − 2𝑗̂ + 2𝑘̂.
 21. If 𝑎⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 3𝑘̂ and 𝑏⃗⃗ = 2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗
̂ − 5𝑘̂ represent two adjacent sides of a parallelo-
gram. Find the unit vectors parallel to the diagonals of the parallelogram.
22. The two vectors 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and 3𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ + 4𝑘̂ represent the two side vectors ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐶
respectively of the triangle ABC. Find the length of the median through A.
23. Show that the sum of three vectors determined by the medians of a triangle di-
rected from the vertices is zero.
24. A girl walks 4 km towards west, then she walks 3 km in the direction 30o east
of north and stops. Determine the girl’s displacement from her initial point of
departure.

TOPIC – 3D

1. Find the shortest distance between the lines whose vector equations are 𝑟⃗ =
(1 − 𝑘)𝑖̂ + (𝑘 − 2)𝑗̂ + (3 − 2𝑘)𝑘̂ and 𝑟⃗ = (𝑝 + 1)𝑖̂ + (2𝑝 − 1)𝑗̂ − (2𝑝 + 1)𝑘̂.

2. Find whether the lines 𝑟⃗ = (𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) + 𝜆(2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂) and 𝑟⃗ = (2𝑖̂ − 𝑗̂) + 𝜇(𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂) in-
tersect or not. If intersecting, find their point of intersection.

3. Find the coordinates of the foot of the perpendicular drawn to the point A(1,8,4)
to the line joining the points B(0,-1,3) and C(2,-3,-1). Also find the image of
point A in the mirror line BC.

4. Find the equation of the perpendicular drawn from the point P(2,4,-1) to the
𝑥+5 𝑦+3 𝑧−6
line = = .
1 4 −9

5. Find the Cartesian equation of the line which passes through the point (-2,4,-5)
𝑥+3 𝑦−4 𝑧+8
and parallel to the line given by 3 = 5 = 6 .

6. Find the coordinates of the point where the line through (5,1,6) and (3,4,1)
crosses the ZX-plane.

NOTE:
 Revise Integration Worksheet fully.
 Revise LPP graph questions from textbook and ITF from notebook.