Constraints

1. Which of the following is NOT a common type of constraint in physics?

a) Geometric constraint b) Force constraint
c) Energy constraint d) Time constraint
2. A ball rolling down a frictionless ramp is an example of which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic constraint c) Rheonomic constraint
b) Non-holonomic constraint d) Scleronomic constraint
3. Which law of motion is most directly related to the concept of constraints?
a) Newton's first law c) Newton's third law
b) Newton's second law d) Conservation of energy
4. A bead sliding on a wire is an example of which type of constraint?
a) Bilateral constraint c) Ideal constraint
b) Unilateral constraint d) Non-ideal constraint
5. Which of the following is NOT a common method for solving problems
involving constraints?
a) Lagrange multipliers c) Hamiltonian mechanics
b) Newton's method d) Constraint equations
6. A pendulum swinging in a gravitational field is an example of which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic and c) Non-holonomic and
scleronomic scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic d) Non-holonomic and
rheonomic
7. Which of the following is a key characteristic of an ideal constraint?
a) It dissipates energy. c) It is time-dependent.
b) It does not affect the d) It is non-holonomic.
motion of the system.
8. A particle moving on the surface of a sphere is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Point constraint c) Curve constraint
b) Surface constraint d) Volume constraint
9. Which of the following is NOT a common application of constraints in
physics?
a) Classical mechanics c) Thermodynamics
b) Quantum mechanics d) Optics
10. Which of the following is a correct statement about constraints?
a) Constraints always reduce the degrees of freedom of a system.
b) Constraints always increase the degrees of freedom of a system.
c) Constraints never affect the motion of a system.
d) Constraints are always ideal.
12. A particle moving on a circular track is subject to which type of constraint?
a) Point constraint c) Curve constraint
b) Surface constraint d) Volume constraint
13. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a non-holonomic
constraint?
a) It can be expressed as a differential equation.
b) It can be integrated to yield a function of the coordinates.
c) It is often associated with rolling motion.
d) It can be violated by a small virtual displacement.
14. A bead sliding on a rotating wire is an example of which type of constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
15. Which of the following is a correct statement about the degrees of freedom
of a system?
a) The degrees of freedom are always equal to the number of coordinates
needed to specify the configuration of the system.
b) The degrees of freedom are always equal to the number of particles the
system.
c) The degrees of freedom are always equal to the number of constraints
in the system.
d) The degrees of freedom are always equal to the number of forces
acting on the system.
16. A system with two particles connected by a rigid rod has how many degrees
of freedom?
a) 1 c) 3
b) 2 d) 4
17. Which of the following is a common technique for solving problems
involving constraints?
a) Method of undetermined c) Method of least action
multipliers d) All of the above
b) Method of virtual work
18. A particle moving in a central force field is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
19. Which of the following is a key difference between holonomic and non-
holonomic constraints?
 a) Holonomic constraints can be expressed as algebraic equations, while
non-holonomic constraints cannot.
b) Holonomic constraints are always time-independent, while non-
holonomic constraints are always time-dependent.
c) Holonomic constraints always reduce the degrees of freedom of a
system, while non-holonomic constraints do not always reduce the
degrees of freedom.
d) Holonomic constraints are always associated with ideal constraints,
while non-holonomic constraints are always associated with non-ideal
constraints.
20. A particle moving on a frictionless surface is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Ideal constraint c) Holonomic constraint
b) Non-ideal constraint d) Non-holonomic constraint
21. Which of the following is a correct statement about the principle of virtual
work?
a) It states that the work done by all forces acting on a system is zero for
any virtual displacement consistent with the constraints.
b) It states that the work done by the constraint forces is zero for any
virtual displacement consistent with the constraints.
c) It states that the work done by the applied forces is zero for any virtual
displacement consistent with the constraints.
d) It states that the work done by all forces acting on a system is equal to
the change in kinetic energy of the system.
22. A particle moving in a uniform gravitational field is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
23. Which of the following is a common application of constraints in classical
mechanics?
a) Solving the two-body problem c) Calculating the orbit of a planet
b) Analyzing the motion of a pendulum d) All of the above
24. A particle moving in a viscous medium is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Ideal constraint c) Holonomic constraint
b) Non-ideal constraint d) Non-holonomic constraint
25. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the Lagrangian?
a) The Lagrangian is always independent of the constraints.
b) The Lagrangian is always equal to the kinetic energy minus the
potential energy of the system.
 c) The Lagrangian is always equal to the total energy of the system.
d) The Lagrangian is always a function of the generalized coordinates and
their time derivatives.
26. A particle moving on a cycloid is subject to which type of constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
27. Which of the following is a correct statement about the Hamilton's
principle?
a) It states that the actual path taken by a system between two points is
the one that minimizes the action.
b) It states that the actual path taken by a system between two points is
the one that maximizes the action.
c) It states that the actual path taken by a system between two points is
the one that makes the action stationary.
d) It states that the actual path taken by a system between two points is
the one that makes the action equal to zero.
28. A particle moving on a sphere is subject to how many constraints?
a) 1 c) 3
b) 2 d) 4
29. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship
between constraints and the Hamiltonian?
a) The Hamiltonian is always independent of the constraints.
b) The Hamiltonian is always equal to the kinetic energy of the system.
c) The Hamiltonian is always equal to the total energy of the system.
d) The Hamiltonian is always a function of the generalized coordinates
and their time derivatives.
30. A particle moving in a magnetic field is subject to which type of constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
31. Which of the following is a common application of constraints in quantum
mechanics?
a) Solving the Schrödinger equation for a particle in a box
b) Calculating the energy levels of an atom
c) Determining the wave function of a molecule
d) All of the above
32. A particle moving in a rotating frame of reference is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
 c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
33. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the principle of least action?
a) The principle of least action is only valid for systems with no
constraints.
b) The principle of least action is only valid for systems with holonomic
constraints.
c) The principle of least action is valid for systems with both holonomic
and non-holonomic constraints.
d) The principle of least action is not related to constraints.
34. A particle moving on a surface of revolution is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
35. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the equations of motion?
a) Constraints do not affect the equations of motion.
b) Constraints can be used to simplify the equations of motion.
c) Constraints always make the equations of motion more complicated.
d) Constraints are not related to the equations of motion.
36. A particle moving in a central force field with a potential energy that
depends only on the distance from the origin is subject to which type of
constraint?
a) Holonomic and scleronomic
b) Holonomic and rheonomic
c) Non-holonomic and scleronomic
d) Non-holonomic and rheonomic
37. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the number of conserved quantities in a system?
a) Constraints always decrease the number of conserved quantities.
b) Constraints always increase the number of conserved quantities.
c) Constraints can either increase or decrease the number of conserved
quantities.
d) Constraints have no effect on the number of conserved quantities.
38. A particle moving on a plane is subject to how many constraints?
a) 0 c) 2
b) 1 d) 3
39. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the stability of a system?
a) Constraints always make a system more stable.
 b) Constraints always make a system less stable.
c) Constraints can either increase or decrease the stability of a system.
d) Constraints have no effect on the stability of a system.
40. A particle moving in a uniform magnetic field is subject to which type of
force?
a) Conservative force c) Constraint force
b) Non-conservative force d) None of the above

41. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the principle of least action?
a) The principle of least action is only valid for systems with no
constraints.
b) The principle of least action is only valid for systems with holonomic
constraints.
c) The principle of least action is valid for systems with both holonomic
and non-holonomic constraints.
d) The principle of least action is not related to constraints.
42. A particle moving on a surface of revolution is subject to how many
constraints?
a) 1 c) 3
b) 2 d) 4
43. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the equations of motion?
a) Constraints do not affect the equations of motion.
b) Constraints can be used to simplify the equations of motion.
c) Constraints always make the equations of motion more complicated.
d) Constraints are not related to the equations of motion.
44. A particle moving in a central force field with a potential energy that
depends only on the distance from the origin is subject to how many degrees of
freedom?
a) 1 c) 3
b) 2 d) 4
45. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the number of conserved quantities in a system?
a) Constraints always decrease the number of conserved quantities.
b) Constraints always increase the number of conserved quantities.
c) Constraints can either increase or decrease the number of conserved
quantities.
d) Constraints have no effect on the number of conserved quantities.
46. A particle moving on a plane is subject to how many degrees of freedom?
a) 0 c) 2
b) 1 d) 3
47. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the stability of a system?
a) Constraints always make a system more stable.
b) Constraints always make a system less stable.
c) Constraints can either increase or decrease the stability of a system.
d) Constraints have no effect on the stability of a system.
48. A particle moving in a uniform magnetic field is subject to which type of
force?
a) Conservative force c) Constraint force
b) Non-conservative force d) None of the above
49. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between
constraints and the principle of least action?
a) The principle of least action is only valid for systems with no constraints.
b) The principle of least action is only valid for systems with holonomic
constraints.
c) The principle of least action is valid for systems with both holonomic and
non-holonomic constraints.
d) The principle of least action is not related to constraints.
50. A particle moving on a surface of revolution is subject to how many
constraints?
a)1 c) 3
b) 2 d) 4

Answer Key:
1. d 2. a 3. b 4. a 5. b 6. a
7. b 8. b 9. d 10.a 11.a 12.c
13.b 14.d 15.a 16.c 17.d 18.a
19.a 20.a 21.b 22.a 23.d 24.b
25.d 26.a 27.c 28.b 29.c 30.d
31.d 32.d 33.c 34.a 35.b 36.a
37.c 38.c 39.c 40.b 41.c 42.b
43.b 44.b 45.c 46.c 47.c 48.b
49.c 50.b - - - -