ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

CLASS X
CODE : 417
CHAPTER: INTRODUCTION TO AI
 INTRODUCTION TO AI
Artificial Intelligence is a new
term that covers a broad range of
domains and applications these
days and is expected to impact
every field in the future. Artificial
intelligence is gaining the spotlight
across applications in our personal
and professional lives.
FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF AI
INTELLIGENCE- Intelligence is the ability to perceive
or infer information, and to retain it as knowledge to be
applied toward adaptive behaviours within context.
TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE

❖ Linguistic Intelligence- The ability to speak, recognize, and use

mechanisms of speech sounds, grammar, and meaning.
➢ Examples: Narrators, Orators.
❖ Musical Intelligence- The ability to create, communicate with,
and understanding of pitch, rhythm, etc.
➢ Examples: Musicians, Singers, Composers.
❖ Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: The ability of use and
understand complex ideas and relationships in the absence of action
or objects.
➢ Examples: logical- mathematical intelligence are: Mathematician,
Scientists.
❖ Spatial Intelligence: The ability to perceive visual or spatial
information, change it, and re-create visual images, construct 3D
images, and to move and rotate images.
➢ Examples: Map readers, Astronauts, Physicists.
❖ Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: The ability to use complete or
part of the body to solve problems and control the fine and coarse
motor skills.
➢ Examples: Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence are: Players, Dancers.
❖ Intra-personal Intelligence: The ability to distinguish among one's
own emotions, intentions and motivation.
➢ Examples: the people like Gautam Buddha, Albert Einstein.
❖ Interpersonal Intelligence: The ability to recognize and make
distinctions among other people's feelings, beliefs, and intentions.
➢ Examples: Mass Communicators and Interviewers.
❖ Naturalistic Intelligence: It is a intelligence when a person has
interest in or has a relationship with the "natural" world of animals,
plants around them.
➢ Examples: Zookeepers and veterinarians.
❖ Existential Intelligence: Existential intelligence is the ability to
use intuition, thought and meta-cognition to ask (and answer) deep
questions about human existence.
❖ Examples: Philosopher, SriSriSri Ravishankar Ji.
HUMAN V/S MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
Human Intelligence Machine Intelligence

Humans perceive by patterns. The machine perceive by set of rules and

data.
Humans store and recall information by Machines has memory that can store and
patterns. For example, the number recall the information by
40404040 is easy to remember, store, and searching algorithms.
recall as its pattern is simple.
Humans can figure out the complete object The machines finds it difficult to complete
even if some part of it is or figure out the missing part of an object
missing or distorted. and cannot do it correctly.
Decision making- Is the process of making choices among
various coursed actions and in actioned it in using the correct and
capable complete information while making a decision.
 How do we Make Decisions?
Decision-making requires data and processing the data into
a meaningful form. The decision is made according to the
data we gather from our past experience, knowledge or
learning, intuition, reasoning capability and self-awareness.
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
It is a branch of computer science by
which we can create intelligent machines
that can act like a human, think and
reason like humans, and can able to make
decisions like humans.
 What is Not AI?
It becomes difficult for us to understand the difference between
the technology that uses Al and the technology Internet Of Things
(IOT) which is not Al. The machine which is trained with data and
which make decision or prediction based on the training data is
Artificial Intelligence.
 Some examples which we come across but they are not AI
An Automatic Car Toy: The car toy which is made nowadays by
students as a part of project is not Al. This car might be remote driven
but it cannot run on its own. It needs to be operated by a remote so it is
not Al.
Automatic Washing Machine: We feed the washing instruction in an
automatic washing machine. The machine operates as per the
instruction fed inside but these instructions are not making it artificial
intelligent. The machine is pre-programmed for doing the work. It is
again not a part of Al as it is not doing any processing on its own rather
it is just following the instructions given, which is a part of automation.
Air Conditioner: An air conditioner can be operated remotely with
the help of internet but the operation is done by humans. The AC can
be operated with a given temperature and the mode for a given
duration but it requires human touch for working so it is
not a part of Al.
Smart TV: The television coming up today belong to 4G (4th
generation). This doesn't mean that it is Al-enabled rather it means
that it is only smart TV. It can only become Al- enabled if it processes
the data on its own.
 AI, ML, DL
AI- Artificial intelligence is the term which of both (DL) as well as (ML).
Deep learning, however, is the definite learning approach which is a subset
it compromises of multiple through the various ML algorithms.
ML- Machine learning (ML) enables machine to work on the past
experience. The machine first learns from the new data fed to it while
testing and later uses it for next execution it enables machine to work on
the past experience.
DL- Deep learning it enables software to train itself to perform tasks with
vast amount of data which is known as big data. The system has got a
huge set of data so it is able to train itself with the help of
multiple ML Algorithms that works altogether to perform specific task.
 Domains of AI
Artificial Intelligence has three broad domains namely, Data Sciences,
Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing.
Data Sciences: It is a multidisciplinary field that combines mathematics,
statistics, and computer science to apply machine learning algorithms to
numbers, text, images, video, audio etc., to produce artificial intelligence
(Al) systems that perform tasks like a human does. The data whether
numeric, text, audio, video, image, etc., is all converted to numeric form for
extraction, preparation, analysis, visualization, and maintenance of
information. For Example- Price Comparison Websites.
Computer Vision: Computer Vision (CV) is the scientific technology for
building artificial systems that obtain information from images, video or any
other visual data. This involves methods of acquiring, processing, analysing,
and understanding digital images, and extraction of data from the real and
visual world to produce information.
For example-
a) Self-Driving Cars/ Automatic Cars
b) Face Lock in Smartphones
Natural Language processing: Natural Language Processing (NLP), is a
branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between
computers and humans using the natural language such as English, Spanish,
Hindi etc. It work with text and speech based data.
For Example-
a) Email Filters
b) Smart Assistants
Sector which have the Application of Artificial Intelligence
1. Marketing
2. Banking
3. Financial
4. Agriculture
5. Healthcare
6. Gaming
7. Space
8. Autonomous Vehicles
9. Chatbots
10. Social media
11. Artificial Creativity
AI Ethics- AI ethics are the set of guiding principles that stakeholders use
to ensure artificial intelligence technology is developed and used
responsibly. This means taking a safe, secure, humane, and
environmentally friendly approach to AI.
1. DATA PRIVACY
2. AI MACHINE SHOULD KNOW MORAL ETHICS
AI Biased: Machine learning bias, also sometimes called algorithm bias or
AI bias, is a phenomenon that occurs when an algorithm produces results
that are systemically prejudiced due to erroneous assumptions in the machine
learning process.
For example-
a) The Nykaa app
b) Virtual assistants
AI Access- The gap in society, where only upper-class people who can
afford AI-enabled devices have the opportunity to access it and people
below the poverty line don't have access to it.
For Example-
a) AI Machines will give Rise to Unemployment
b) AI in the life of young Kids
Important Questions:
➢ What do you mean by Intelligence?
➢ Define Artificial Intelligence.
➢ How does machine become Artificial Intelligence?
➢ How does learning and adapting help an AI machine in improvising itself?
➢ Explain how AI works in the Google Search Engine, Voice Assistants, E-commerce website.
➢ What are the examples of AI in real life?
➢ Explain three type of AI.
➢ Differentiate between AI and Non AI Machines.
➢ How can AI be integrated with non AI technologies? Explain with the help of an example
➢ How AI helps is giving you personalized experience online?
➢ Define AI, ML, DL.
➢ Explain three domains of AI
➢ Mention few applications of Data Science, Computer Vision, NLP.
➢ How three domain of AI related to each other.
➢ What is data mining?
➢ Should AI replace laborious jobs? Is there an alternative for major unemployment.
➢ Explain ethical concerns related to adaptation of AI system.
➢ What do you understand about data privacy.
➢ Explain AI Bias.
➢ Difference between Human Intelligence & Machine Intelligence.