ANSWERS for MOCK TEST 3 (28 /12/19)

1. Ans – (B)

2. Ans – (C)
Mass is basically a constant term for any physical application at low velocity. But in accordance with
Einstein’s theory of relativity, at higher speeds the mass of the particle change according to formula
m0
m=
1 - (v 2 / c 2 )

3. Ans – (B)

4. Ans – (B)
For ionisation, high energy electrons are required.

5. Ans – (C)
h h
l= =
2mE 2ma Q a V
On putting Q a = 2 ´ 1 .6 ´ 10 -19 C
0 . 101
ma = 4 mp = 4 ´ 1.67 ´ 10 -27 kg Þ l = Å
V

6. Ans – (B)

7. Ans – (D)
2
l=
! ; l' = E
Þ E = æç 0.5 ö÷ Þ E' = E
= 4E
2mE l E' E è 1 ø 0.25
The energy should be added to decrease wavelength.
= E '- E = 3 E

8. Ans – (B)
9. Ans – (A)
Independent of the intensity of illumination
10. Ans – (C)
12375
Energy of incident light E (eV ) = = 3.72 eV
3320
(332 nm = 3320 Å)
According to the relation E = W0 + eV0
(E - W0 ) 3.72 eV - 1.07 eV
Þ V0 = = = 2 .65 Volt.
e e
11. Ans – (D)
According to Einstein's photoelectric equation
hc é1 1 ù
E = W0 + K max Þ V0 = ê - ú
e ë l l0 û
Hence if l decreases V0 increases.

12. Ans – (C)

1
Number of electrons emitted µ intensity µ
(distance )2
2
n1 æ d 2 ö æ2ö n
Þ = ç ÷ = ç ÷ = 4 Þ n2 = 1
n2 çè d1 ÷ø è1ø 4
13. Ans – (B)
By using E = W0 + K max Þ K max = E - W0

Hence, K 1 = 1 - 0 .5 = 0 .5
K1 1
and K 2 = 2 .5 - 0 .5 = 2 Þ = .
K2 4

14. Ans – (C)

1 l1 (W0 )2 4.5 2
W0 µ Þ = = =
l l 2 (W0 )1 2.3 1
15. Ans – (B)
Using Einstein photoelectric equation E = W0 + K max
1
hf1 = W0 + mv 12 …..(i)
2
1
hf2 = W0 + mv 22 …..(ii)
2
1 2h
Þ h( f1 - f2 ) = m(v12 - v22 ) Þ (v12 - v22 ) = ( f1 - f2 )
2 m

16. Ans – (C)

2
1 l æ Z -1 ö
lµ Þ 2 = çç 1 ÷
(Z - 1)2
l1 è Z 2 - 1 ÷ø
2 2
l2 æ 43 - 1 ö æ 42 ö Þ l2 = 9 l .
Þ =ç ÷ =ç ÷
l è 29 - 1 ø è 28 ø 4

17. Ans – (D)

For K g ,X-rays the transition will be from n = 4 to n = 1.
18. Ans – (C)
1 æ 1 1 ö 3R 16 16
= Rç 2 - 2 ÷= Þl = = ´ 10 -5 cm
l è2 4 ø 16 3R 3

c 3 ´ 10 10 9
Frequency n= = = ´ 10 15 Hz
l 16
´ 10 -5 16
3
 19. Ans – (C)
Transition A (n = ¥ to 1) : Series limit of Lyman series
Transition B (n = 5 to n = 2) :Third spectral line of Balmer series
Transition C (n = 5 to n = 3) :Second spectral line of Paschen series
20. Ans – (D)
+13 .6
Required energy E3 = = 1.51 eV
32
21. Ans – (A)
When an electron jumps from the orbit of lower energy (n=1) to the orbit of higher energy (n=3),
energy is absorbed.
22. Ans – (B)

Let the energy in A, B and C state be EA. EB and EC, then from the figure
C
l1
B
l2 l3
A

hc hc hc
(E C - E B ) + (E B - E A ) = (E C - E A ) or + =
l1 l2 l3
l1l2
Þ l3 =
l1 + l2

23. Ans – (A)

According to scattering formula
4
1 N é sin(q 1 / 2) ù
Nµ Þ 2 =ê ú
sin (q / 2)
4
N 1 ë sin(q 2 / 2) û
4
é 90 o ù
sin 4
N2 ê 2
ú é sin 45 o ù
Þ =ê ú =ê o ú
N1 ê 60 o ú êë sin 30 ûú
êë sin 2 úû

Þ N 2 = ( 2 )4 ´ N1 = 4 ´ 56 = 224

24. Ans-(A)
Lyophillic means liquid loving hence hydration is contributed toward the extra stability of
lyophilic colloids.
25. Ans-(C)
A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of reaction and shortens the time to reach
equilibrium.

26. Ans-(D)
The ability of an ion to bring about coagulation of a given colloid depend upon both the magnitude
and sign of its charge.
27. Ans-(C)
Physiorption is a process in which the particles of adsorbate are held to the surface of adsorbent by
physical forces hence does not requires activation energy.

28. Ans-(B)
Surfactant are those which have charge on their tail e.g., cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
CH 3
|
CH 3 - (CH 2 )15 - N + - CH 3 - Br -
|
CH 3
29. Ans-(B)
K 4 [Fe (CN )6 ] is most effective in the coagulation of gold-solution.

30. Ans-(A)
The size of colloidal particles is of the order 0 . 1mµ to 0 . 001 mµ .

31. Ans-(A)
Epoxides are Cyclic ethers

32. Ans-(B)
H
C = O + C 2 H 5 MgI ® CH 2 - O - MgI
H |
C 2H5
I
Hydrolysis
¾¾ ¾¾ ¾® C 2 H 5 - CH 2 - OH or C 3 H 7 OH + Mg
OH

33. Ans-(C)

34. Ans-(C)
C 2 H 5 - NH 2 + HNO 2 ® C 2 H 5 OH + N 2 + H 2 O

35. Ans-(B)
Zymase
C 6 H 12 O 6 ¾¾ ¾¾® 2C 2 H 5 OH + 2CO 2
Glucose

36. Ans-(C)
NaOH / I 2
C 2 H 5 OH ¾¾ ¾¾ ¾® CHI 3 (yellow ppt )
Iodoform test

37. Ans-(B)
Tertiary alcohol readily reacts with halogen acid
 CH 3 CH 3
¯ |
CH 3 ® C - OH ® CH 3 - C + + OH -

­ |

CH 3 CH 3
Presence of 3 alkyl group increases electron density on 3 o carbon atom. Hence -OH group is easily
removed. After the removal of -OH group 3 o carbonium ion is formed which is most stable

38. Ans-(D)

39. Ans-(C)
O
||
KMnO 4
CH 3 - CH - CH 2 - CH 3 ¾¾ ¾¾® CH 3 - C - CH 2 CH 3
| Oxidation ethyl methyl ketone
OH
2 - Butanol

40. Ans-(B)
Wolf-Kishner reduction does not convert > CO to CHOH but converts it to > CH 2 .

41. Ans-(B)
We know that
H H H
| | |
+ HCN + H 2O
CH 3 - C = O ¾¾¾
¾® CH 3 - C - OH ¾¾¾
¾® CH 3 - C - OH
Acetaldehy de | |
CN COOH
Cyanohydri n Lactic acid

42. Ans-(D)
The polarity between C-X bond increase by increasing the +I effect which increase by increasing the
alkyl group by which X of C-X easily eliminate. In CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Br the polarity is maximum due to 3 alkyl
group while in rest polarity decrease due to the presence of double bond, presence of –CO group (–
I) and less no. of alkyl group.
alc.
CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Br + KOH ¾¾¾® CH 3 CH = CH 2 + KBr + H 2 O
43. Ans-(D)
Benzene hexachloride is an insecticide generally known as gammexane. It is obtained by the following
reaction

44. Ans-(B)
U.V light
C 6 H 6 + 3Cl 2 ¾¾ ¾¾® C 6 H 6 Cl 6
Benzene BHC
45. Ans-(B)
+ HCl
CH º CH + HCl ® CH 2 = CHCl ¾¾ ¾® CH 3 CHCl 2

46. Ans.(b) In ancient period hands were used to collect food and to save themselves. Gradually men
learnt to cook food, to make tools for the own purpose, this change in habit brings perfection in
their hand. Similarly, there is an increase in the ability to communicate with other and develop
community behaviour. But as in ancient period, men still eat hard nuts and hard roots. Thus, change
in diet is the most irrelevant in the evolution of man.

47. Ans.(c) Loss of tail is probably the useless change for the man in the course of evolution. Man has
proportionately the largest and most complex brain. The volume of cranial cavity and size of skull
also increased. The modern man excels all other animals in intelligence. Erect posture of human
beings is due to major changes in the muscles skeletal system. During the course of evolution of
man thumb (pollex) has been brought opposite to the fingers thus enabling of the hand for better
grasping power and efficient manipulating devices of making tools and hurling weapons.

48. Ans.(d) Homo sapiens fossils is also known by the name of cro-magnon man. He was the direct
ancestor of modern man (Homo sapiens). Cro-Magnon man emerged about 34000 years ago in
holocene epoch. Thus, it is regarded as most recent ancestor of today’s man. Its face was perfectly
orthognathous with an arrow, elevated nose, broad and arched forehead, moderate brow-ridges,
strong jaws with man-like dentition, and a well-developed chin. Its cranial capacity was, however,
somewhat more than ours, being about 1650 cc. It become extinct about 10000 – 11000 years dog.

49. Ans.(c) The first domesticated animal by primitive man was dog.

50. Ans.(a) Homo habilis lived during pleistocene. He lived in Africa about 2 million years ago. He was
about 1.2 to 1.5 meters tall. He had bipedal locomotion, moved erect and was omnivorous. Homo
habilis was the first tool maker and used tools of chipped stones extensively. Homo erectus
appeared about 1.7 million years ago in middle Pleistocene. H. erectus evolved from Homo habilis.
He had erect posture, Protruding jaws, projecting brow ridges and small canines and large molar
teeth. He was omnivorous. He made more elaborate tools of stones and bones, hunted big game
and perhaps knew use of fire.

51. Ans.(b) Common origin of man and chimpanzee is best shown by chromosome number of and their
banding pattern. Human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes and somatic cells of gorilla,
chimpanzee and orangutan have 48 chromosomes. It has been shown that the total amount of DNA
in human diploid cells and that of the apes is more or less similar. Banding pattern of chromosomes
of humans and apes is very similar.
52. Ans.(a) The fossil of Dryopithecus africanus was discovered from Miocene rocks of Africa and
Europe. It lived about 20-25 million years ago. It was ape-like but had arms and legs of the same
length. Heels in its feet indicate its semierect posture. It had large brain, a large muzzle and large
canines. It was without browridges. It was arboreal, knuckle –walker and ate soft fruits and leaves.
Dryopithecus africanus is regarded a common ancestor of man and apes.

53. Ans.(c) Homo erectus is the ancestor of man (not the direct ancestor of modern man). It includes
three fossils: java ape-man, peking man and Heidelberg man. Neanderthal man is the direct
ancestor of cro-magnon man which in turn is the direct ancestor of modern man. Fossils of cro-
magnon man were discovered from France. Australopithecus is the first ape man.

54. Ans.(d) Homo sapiens appeared about 25000 years ago in Holocene epoch and started spreading all
over the world about 10000 years ago. It is believed that the man of today first appeared about
11000 or 10000 years ago in the region around Caspean and Mediterraneasn Seas. From there, its
members migrated westwards, eastwards and southwards, respectively changing into the present
day white or Caucasoid, mongoloid and black or negroid races.

55. Ans.(a) Humans differ from most primates in that they lack a tail. The lower primates in that they
lack a tail. The lower primates have tails, and the apes, which are believed by many to be our closest
relatives, likewise are tailless. The coccyx bones were interpreted as remnants of a structure which
strongly linked linked humans to the lower primates. It shows that tail is closely related to human
evolution.

56. Ans.(a) Resemblances between apes and man lead to the conclusion that today’s apes and man are
‘cousins’ described from common ancestors. It may be noted that all the four limbs of gibbons and
orangutan are of grasping type with opposable thumbs. In gorilla and chimpanzee, each pes has only
a semiopposable thumb. That is why, gorilla and chimpanzee are regarded less distant cousins of
modern man in comparison to other apes of today.

57. Ans.(a) There is no difference in the sequencing of 141 amino acids in each α-chain and 146 amino
acid in each β chain of haemoglobin of man and chimpanzee. Such similarities indicate that they
have evolved simultaneously and from some common ancestral stock.

58. Ans.(c) The pleistocene rocks from which fossils of peking man were excavated are about 6 lack
years old. The peking man was omnivorous and cannibal. There is a clear evidence of use of fire by
it. It has been confirmed that peking men used to live in caves in small groups or tribes. The tools of
peking man were relatively more sophisticated. Heidelberg man had Jower jaw with all the teeth. He
used the tools and fire. The cranial capacity is believed to be about 1300 cc. Neanderthal man had
slightly prognathous face Neanderthal walked upright, as we do, and had low brows, receding jaws,
 and high domed heads. Their cranial capacity was 1300 to 1600 cubic centimeters. They became
extinct 30000 years ago. Cro-magnon man emerged about 34000 years ago in Holocene epoch.
Thus, it is regarded as most recent ancestor of today’s man. Its face was perfectly orthognathous
with an arrow, elevated nose, broad and arched forehead, moderate brow ridges, strong jaws with
man-like dentition, and a well developed chin. Its cranial capacity was, however, somewhat more
than ours, being about 1650 cc. It became extinct about 10000 -11000 years age.

59. Ans.(c) The common ancestor of both ape and main is Dryopithecus a 20 million years old fossil
discovered from Africa. Then the missing link between ape and man Australopithecus also lived in
Africa between 6 million to 1 million years ago. The genus Homo evolved 2 million years ago from
one of such Australopithecus in Africa and then only moved out of the continent. The first such
Homo lived throughout Asia, some parts of Europe and Africa. But obviously its evolution took place
in Africa.

60. Ans.(b) In recent years, DNA sequences of mt-DNA and Y chromosomes considered for the study of
human evolution, because they are uniparental in origin and do not take part in recombination. In
addition, mt-DNA has a higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. This makes it useful for relatively
short-term evolutionary studies of divergence within population.

61. Ans.(d) The degree of similarities between two species can be estimated by the pairing property of
DNA strands. The DNA of both species are melted into single strands. The single stranded DNA of
both species broken into small fragments and these fragments are brought into contact with each
other. The DNA fragments of another species. The greater the degree of pairing in the DNA strands
of both species, the closer the similarities in the genetic message contained in the DNA of two
species. In case of man and chimpanzee, there is 100% pairing between sex chromosome DNA and
autosomal DNA.
62. Ans.(b) African origin of modern man is also called as Noah’s ark model or replacement hypothesis
or monophyletic origin hypothesis. According to this hypothesis modern man has evolved from
Africa about 2 million years ago. There are several points to support this hypothesis:
1. The study of mitochondrial DNA (mt DNA) has shown that mt DNA sequences in all non-
African sources are variants of African sequence. This similarity indicates African origin of all
present human races. Moreover, there are no non-African mt. DNA types.
2. Variability in mt. DNA sequence among African populations suggest that these are the oldest
mt DNA populations among modern humans. The non-African populations are their
derivatives.
3. Age of most common mt DNA ancestor is older than the age at which population bearing
ancestral mt DNA diverged.

63. Ans.(a) The term hominid refers to humans and their direct and near-direct bipedal ancestors.
Hominids originated during Miocene epoch.
64. Ans.(c) Monogoloids are spread in China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and North East Siberia. Mongoloids
are distinguished by their non-projecting noses, flat faces formed by forward projecting cheek
bones, round eye orbits, shovel shaped incisors and complex cranial structures, fattened chins,
elliptic dental archs and brachycephalic skulls. Some are also known to maintain oblique palpebral
fissures in adult hood, also known as epicanthal folds. The Vast majority of mongoloids have straight
black hair, dark brown eyes and the skin colour may very between very pale white to yellow under
tones to brown.

65. Ans.(d) Neanderthal man was the first human fossil discovered in 1856 having a cranial capacity of
about 1450 cc. African man (Australopithecus) was discovered in 1924 having a cranial capacity of
450-600 cc. Java ape man (Pithecanthropus erectus) discovered in 1920 and its cranial capacity was
about 940 cc whereas peking man (Sinanthropus pekinensis) was discovered in 1924 and its cranial
capacity was about 1075 cc. These show that Neanderthal man has the largest cranial capacity.
66. Ans.(b) Humans, or human beings, are bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo
sapiens (Latin “wise man” or “knowing man”) in the family hominidae (the great apes). It includes
both archaric and modern humans, as well as the subspecies Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, also
known as the Neanderthals. Homo sapiens first started appearing about 500,000 or fewer years ago.

67. Ans.(b) The pleistocene rocks from which fossils of peking man were excavated are about 6 lack
years old. The peking man was omnivorous and cannibal. There is a clear evidence of use of fire by
it. It has been confirmed that peking men used to live in caves in small groups or tribes. The tools of
peking man were relatively more sophisticated. Heidelberg man had Jower jaw with all the teeth. He
used the tools and fire. The cranial capacity is believed to be about 1300 cc. Neanderthal man had
slightly prognathous face Neanderthal walked upright, as we do, and had low brows, receding jaws,
and high domed heads. Their cranial capacity was 1300 to 1600 cubic centimeters. They became
extinct 30000 years ago. Cro-magnon man emerged about 34000 years ago in Holocene epoch.
Thus, it is regarded as most recent ancestor of today’s man. Its face was perfectly orthognathous
with an arrow, elevated nose, broad and arched forehead, moderate brow ridges, strong jaws with
man-like dentition, and a well developed chin. Its cranial capacity was, however, somewhat more
than ours, being about 1650 cc. It became extinct about 10000 -11000 years age.

68. Ans.(a) Pithecanthropus erectus is also known as java man or Homo erectus. Its fossils (some teeth,
skull cap and femur bone) were found in 1891 by Dubois on the bank of Solo River in Eastern Java. It
occurred in the Pleistocene deposits some 5,00,000 years to 1.5 million years ago. It has a cranial
cavity about 940 c.c. intermediate between that of Australopithecis (600-700 c.c.) and modern man
(1400 – 1600 c.c.)
69. Ans.(b) The fossils of Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus were found in Miocene deposits in Africa, Asia
including India. The first fossil was a fragile upper jaw, which was found by Edward lewis in early
1930 from Siwalik hills in Northern India. They lived about 14-15 million years ago and were
characterized by having reduced canines, relatively small incisors and thickly enameled molars
which suggest that Ramapithecus ate seeds, nuts and fruits with hard covering, quandrupedal
locomotion and arboreal life.

70. Ans.(b) Cranial capacity is a measure of the volume of the interior of the cranium (also called the
braincase or brainpan) of those vertebrates who have both a cranium and a brain. The most
commonly used unit of measure is the cubic centimeter or c.c. The volume of the cranium is used as
a rough indicator of the size of the brain, and this in turn is used as a rough indicator of the potential
intelligence of the organism. However, larger cranial capacity is not always indicative of a more
intelligent organism, since larger capacities are required for controlling larger body, or in some cases
are an adaptive feature for life in a colder environment.
Primates Cranial capacity
Cro-magnon man 1650 cc
Peking man 850 – 1200 cc
Neanderthal man 1400 cc
Java ape man 800 – 1000 cc
Modern man 1400 – 1600 cc

71. Ans.(c) The fossil of Dryopithecus africanus was discovered from Miocene rocks of Africa and
Europe. It lived about 20-25 million years ago. It was ape-like but had arms and legs of the same
length. Heels in its feet indicate its semierect posture. It had large brain, a large muzzle and large
canines. It was without browridges. It was arboreal, knuckle –walker and ate soft fruits and leaves.
Dryopithecus africanus is regarded a common ancestor of man and apes.

72. Ans.(d) Neanderthals took care of their injured and sick members. They commonly buried their
members, often placing food, weapons, and even flowers with the dead bodies. Such attention to
the dead strongly suggests that they believed in a life after death.

73. Ans.(d) The modern man differs from the apes in arms shorter than legs. In apes, the arms help in
the locomotion called brachiation, a type of suspension and swinging of the body.

74. Ans.(d) Cranial capacity of the Java man, Peking man, Handy man and modern man is about 900 c.c.
1075 c.c., 700 c.c. and 1400 – 1600 c.c. respectively. Thus highest cranial capacity is present in the
modern man (Homo sapiens).
75. Ans.(b) Cro- Magnon man are very close relative of modern man and were lived during lost 30,000
years in Europe and other parts of the world. These Succeeded Neanderthals and became extinct
about 20,000 years ago. They were swift footed, cave dwelling forms and are said to be expert
hunters. They were conversant with art and could sketch pictures of their contemporary animals.
They made tools from finely chipped stones. The tools consisted of spear-heads and arrows. They
made ornaments from ivory and decorated their body. They did not know agriculture and
domestication but exhibited some cultural advance and had some religious burial ceremonies. At
12,000 years ago, they hand learnt to make paints out of clays, animals fats and metal oxides.

76. Ans.(d) Homo sapiens fossils is also known by the name of cro-magnon man. He was the direct
ancestor of modern man (Homo sapiens). Cro-Magnon man emerged about 34000 years ago in
holocene epoch. Thus, it is regarded as most recent ancestor of today’s man. Its face was perfectly
orthognathous with an arrow, elevated nose, broad and arched forehead, moderate brow-ridges,
strong jaws with man-like dentition, and a well developed chin. Its cranial capacity was, however,
somewhat more than ours, being about 1650 cc. It become extinct about 10000 – 11000 years dog.
Cro- Magnon man are very close relative of modern man and were lived during lost 30,000 years in
Europe and other parts of the world. These Succeeded Neanderthals and became extinct about
20,000 years ago. They were swift footed, cave dwelling forms and are said to be expert hunters.
They were conversant with art and could sketch pictures of their contemporary animals. They made
tools from finely chipped stones. The tools consisted of spear-heads and arrows. They made
ornaments from ivory and decorated their body. They did not know agriculture and domestication
but exhibited some cultural advance and had some religious burial ceremonies. At 12,000 years ago,
they hand learnt to make paints out of clays, animals fats and metal oxides.

77. Ans.(b) In ancient period hands were used to collect food and to save themselves. Gradually men
learnt to cook food, to make tools for the own purpose, this change in habit brings perfection in
their hand. Similarly, there is an increase in the ability to communicate with other and develop
community behaviour. But as in ancient period, men still eat hard nuts and hard roots. Thus, change
in diet is the most irrelevant in the evolution of man.

78. Ans.(a) The fossil of Dryopithecus africanus was discovered from Miocene rocks of Africa and
Europe. It lived about 20-25 million years ago. It was ape-like but had arms and legs of the same
length. Heels in its feet indicate its semierect posture. It had large brain, a large muzzle and large
canines. It was without browridges. It was arboreal, knuckle –walker and ate soft fruits and leaves.
Dryopithecus africanus is regarded a common ancestor of man and apes.

79. Ans.(a) Pithecanthropus erectus is also known as java man or Homo erectus. Its fossils (some teeth,
skull cap and femur bone) were found in 1891 by Dubois on the bank of Solo River in Eastern Java. It
occurred in the Pleistocene deposits some 5,00,000 years to 1.5 million years ago. It has a cranial
cavity about 940 c.c. intermediate between that of Australopithecis (600-700 c.c.) and modern man
(1400 – 1600 c.c.
80. Ans.(b) The term hominid refers to humans and their direct and near-direct bipedal ancestors.
Hominids originated during Miocene epoch.
81. Ans.(d) Ramapithecus punjabicus

82. Ans.(a) Homo sapiens directly evolved from homo erectus. Peking man is also referred as Homo
erectus pekinensis. Its fossils were discovered from caves near Peking in 1920 by Davidson Black.
Homo erectus have left clear records of a developing culture and are associated with the oldest or
Abbevillian culture.

83. Ans.(c) Neanderthal man is a subspecies of modern man, Homo sapiens. It is characterized by a
cranial capacity (brain volume) of 1400 c.c.

84. Ans.(a) Neanderthals took care of their injured and sick members. They commonly buried their
members, often placing food, weapons, and even flowers with the dead bodies. Such attention to
the dead strongly suggests that they believed in a life after death.

85. Ans.(a) Cranial capacity is a measure of the volume of the interior of the cranium (also called the
braincase or brainpan) of those vertebrates who have both a cranium and a brain. The most
commonly used unit of measure is the cubic centimeter or c.c. The volume of the cranium is used as
a rough indicator of the size of the brain, and this in turn is used as a rough indicator of the potential
intelligence of the organism. However, larger cranial capacity is not always indicative of a more
intelligent organism, since larger capacities are required for controlling larger body, or in some cases
are an adaptive feature for life in a colder environment.
Primates Cranial capacity
Cro-magnon man 1650 cc
Peking man 850 – 1200 cc
Neanderthal man 1400 cc
Java ape man 800 – 1000 cc
Modern man 1400 – 1600 cc

86. Ans.(d) The Neanderthals had short stature (1.5 to 1.66 meters), erect posture, strong shoulders and
arms, powerful hands and large skull with thick bones. Their cranial capacity was 1400 c.c. about the
same as that of the modern man. They differed from the modern man in having relatively flat
cranium, clopping forehead, thin large orbits heavy browridges, protruding jaws, strong mandibles
and no chin.
87. Ans.(a) The degree of similarities between two species can be estimated by the pairing property of
DNA strands. The DNA of both species are melted into single strands. The single stranded DNA of
both species broken into small fragments and these fragments are brought into contact with each
other. The DNA fragments of another species. The greater the degree of pairing in the DNA strands
of both species, the closer the similarities in the genetic message contained in the DNA of two
species. In case of man and chimpanzee, there is 100% pairing between sex chromosome DNA and
autosomal DNA.

88. Ans.(a) Neanderthal man

89. Ans.(d) The term hominid refers to humans and their direct and near-direct bipedal ancestors.
Hominids originated during Miocene epoch.

90. Ans.(d) Anthropometry is the systematic collection and correlation of measurements of the human
body. It is a principal technique of physical anthropology which originated in the 19th century, when
early studies of human biological and culture evolution stimulated an interest in the systematic
description of population both living and extinct.