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Lesson 1 Introduction To Programming Concepts

The document serves as an introduction to programming concepts in ITC 111, explaining the nature of computers, programming languages, algorithms, and the program development process. It outlines essential terms such as logic, variables, constants, and the steps involved in creating a program, including problem definition, algorithm design, coding, debugging, testing, documentation, and implementation. Additionally, it provides examples of simple programming problems to illustrate input and output operations.

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2 views13 pages

Lesson 1 Introduction To Programming Concepts

The document serves as an introduction to programming concepts in ITC 111, explaining the nature of computers, programming languages, algorithms, and the program development process. It outlines essential terms such as logic, variables, constants, and the steps involved in creating a program, including problem definition, algorithm design, coding, debugging, testing, documentation, and implementation. Additionally, it provides examples of simple programming problems to illustrate input and output operations.

Uploaded by

Herthtle “Erth” Valdez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1- Introduction to ITC 111

Programming Concepts Computer Programming 1

Prepared by: Prof. Geraldine M. Rilles


One of the very obvious characteristics of a computer is that it is a
machine. It needs human intervention for it to operate and function.
This means that a computer cannot do things on its own because it
cannot think for itself. Therefore, it must be given step by step
instructions for it to follow.
Computer Program is a set of instructions that tells the computer
what to do, how to interact with the user and process data. This set
of instructions operates on input data and converts it to output.

A computer professional who writes this set of instructions is what we call


programmer.

A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer or


computing device to perform specific tasks is called programming language
(e.g. C-Language).
An algorithm is a formula or set of steps for solving a particular
problem. To be an algorithm, a set of rules must be unambiguous
and have a clear stopping point. It can be expressed in any
language, from natural languages like English to programming
languages.

Example: Let us say that you have a friend arriving at the bus station, and your friend needs
to get from the bus station to your house. There are different algorithms that you might give
your friend for getting to your home.

Get a taxi algorithm:


1. Go to the taxi stand.
2. Get in a taxi.
3. Give the driver my address.
In creating a program, the following terms must also be
understood:
▪ Logic - is sound reasoning in solving a problem.
▪ Formulation - means expressing concisely the solution to a given
problem.
▪ Program Specification - refers to the precise instructions
necessary for writing a program.
▪ Input - refers to the data that are entered into a computer system.
▪ Process - refers to the set of conditions use in converting the
inputs into outputs.
▪ Output - refers to the information produced by a computer system
A variable is a named area in memory that stores value or
string. It serves as a container or storage area that holds data.

In this example, instead of using long name for an item description,


the use of variable shortens the name, just like your nickname. This
will help you code the program faster, and will also adhere to the
rules in writing a variable for different programming languages.
Constant is a value that remains fixed or unchangeable all
throughout the execution of a program. That is, the value
cannot be altered while the program is running.
Program Development Process

The following are the steps needed in planning and


developing a program:

1. Problem Definition/Analysis
In this phase, all activities are associated with finding out what is to be
done, how, for whom and when. Input, output and processing
requirements are defined. End product of this phase are functional
specifications, input/output layouts and system flowchart.
2. Algorithm Design
The logical structure of program has to be designed. Program
design includes a delineation of the functions to be performed by
the program and their logical interrelationship. The end product of
the design is a graphical representation such as a program
structure or flowchart, pseudocodes, hierarchical charts, decision
table, etc.
3. Program Coding
Coding is the process of translating the logical design into
programming language code.
4. Debugging
This is the process of identifying, locating, and correcting errors
in the program. In this phase, two types of errors may be
uncovered:

a. Syntax Errors – these are misspelled words, incorrect symbols,


omitted punctuation mark or unmatched parentheses in the
codes.
b. Logical Errors – these refer to the incorrect solution.
5. Testing
Program testing is the process of checking and executing the
program to make sure that it is designed and coded to comply
with its intended function.

6. Documentation
This is the process of writing down explanations or classifications about
the program by using ordinary language.

7. Implementation
This is the phase where the programs are fully tested and put into
production for actual use.
Problem #1: Input two numbers and find their sum.

Find the sum of two


numbers

FN – Frist Number
SN – Second number

SUM = FN + SN

The sum is ______


Problem #2: Input two numbers and find their average.

Find the average of two


numbers

FN – Frist Number
SN – Second number

AVG = (FN + SN)/2

The average is ______

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