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Computer Vision With Deep Learning

The document provides an overview of computer vision and deep learning, detailing key concepts, techniques, and applications such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. It covers foundational topics like image representation and processing, classical feature extraction methods, and modern approaches using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Additionally, it discusses advanced topics like transfer learning, vision transformers, and real-time deployment techniques.

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5 views5 pages

Computer Vision With Deep Learning

The document provides an overview of computer vision and deep learning, detailing key concepts, techniques, and applications such as image classification, object detection, and semantic segmentation. It covers foundational topics like image representation and processing, classical feature extraction methods, and modern approaches using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Additionally, it discusses advanced topics like transfer learning, vision transformers, and real-time deployment techniques.

Uploaded by

novathproches0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Vision with Deep Learning

Introduction to Computer Vision

• Definition: Enabling machines to "see" by interpreting visual data (images or


videos).

• Applications: Face recognition, self-driving cars, medical imaging, surveillance,


AR/VR.

Key Topics:

• Image processing vs. Computer Vision

• Visual pipeline: Image acquisition → Preprocessing → Feature extraction →


Interpretation

Digital Image Fundamentals

• Image Representation: Grayscale (1 channel), RGB (3 channels), resolution,


pixels

• Coordinate system: Top-left is (0,0), height and width defined in pixels

Core Concepts:

• Color models: RGB, HSV, Lab

• Bit depth: Number of bits per channel (8-bit = 0–255)

• Image formats: JPG, PNG, BMP, TIFF

Image Processing Basics

• Goal: Improve image quality or extract basic features

Techniques:

• Filtering: Gaussian, Median, Sobel

• Thresholding: Binary, Adaptive

• Morphological operations: Dilation, Erosion

• Edge detection: Canny, Laplacian, Sobel


Classical Feature Extraction

Before deep learning, features were hand-engineered.

Popular Techniques:

• SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform)

• SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Features)

• ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF)

• HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients)

Deep Learning for Computer Vision

• Why DL? Automates feature extraction and improves accuracy

Frameworks:

• TensorFlow / Keras

• PyTorch

• OpenCV (for preprocessing + visualization)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)

CNNs are the backbone of modern computer vision.

CNN Architecture:

• Input Layer: Image tensor (H × W × C)

• Convolutional Layer: Filters that scan the image

• Activation Function: ReLU

• Pooling Layer: Max/Avg Pooling for downsampling

• Fully Connected Layer: Classification/Prediction

• Softmax: Output probabilities

Key Terms:

• Padding

• Stride

• Filter/kernel size
• Feature maps

Image Classification with CNN

• Task: Assign a label to an entire image

Workflow:

1. Prepare dataset (e.g., CIFAR-10, MNIST)

2. Preprocess data (normalize, resize)

3. Build model (CNN layers)

4. Compile (loss: categorical crossentropy)

5. Train and evaluate

Transfer Learning

• Use pretrained models (e.g., VGG, ResNet, EfficientNet) trained on ImageNet

• Fine-tuning: Freeze initial layers, retrain later ones on your dataset

Object Detection

• Goal: Locate and classify objects in an image

Approaches:

• Traditional: Sliding window + classifier

• Deep Learning:

o R-CNN, Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN

o YOLO (You Only Look Once)

o SSD (Single Shot Multibox Detector)

Semantic Segmentation

• Goal: Label each pixel with a class

Architectures:

• U-Net
• SegNet

• DeepLab

Image Generation & GANs

• Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs): Generate realistic images

• Components:

o Generator

o Discriminator

Applications:

• Image super-resolution

• Style transfer

• Data augmentation

Vision Transformers (ViTs)

• Alternative to CNNs using attention mechanisms

• Treat image patches as tokens (like NLP)

• Example: ViT, Swin Transformer

Self-Supervised and Contrastive Learning

• Learn useful representations without labels

• SimCLR, MoCo, BYOL

Real-Time Computer Vision

• Techniques for deploying vision models efficiently:

o Quantization

o Pruning

o TensorRT, ONNX

o Edge deployment (e.g., Jetson Nano, Coral)

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