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Data Types in Java

The document provides an overview of data types in Java, categorizing them into primitive and non-primitive types, with a focus on the eight primitive data types: boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double. It explains the significance of static typing in Java, the range and usage of each primitive type, and introduces the concept of literals. Additionally, it includes examples of how to declare and use these data types in Java programming.

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Roshan Gupta
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1 views5 pages

Data Types in Java

The document provides an overview of data types in Java, categorizing them into primitive and non-primitive types, with a focus on the eight primitive data types: boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, and double. It explains the significance of static typing in Java, the range and usage of each primitive type, and introduces the concept of literals. Additionally, it includes examples of how to declare and use these data types in Java programming.

Uploaded by

Roshan Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Types in Java

LAST UPDATED: OCTOBER 26, 2022 BY CHAITANYA SINGH | FILED UNDER: JAVA

Data type defines the values that a variable can take, for example if a variable
has int data type, it can only take integer values. In java we have two
categories of data type: 1) Primitive data types 2) Non-primitive data types –
Arrays and Strings are non-primitive data types, we will discuss them later in
the coming tutorials. Here we will discuss primitive data types and literals in
Java.

Java is a statically typed language. A language is statically typed, if the data


type of a variable is known at compile time. This means that you must specify
the type of the variable (Declare the variable) before you can use it.
In the last tutorial about Java Variables, we learned how to declare a variable,
lets recall it:

int num;
So in order to use the variable num in our program, we must declare it first as
shown above. It is a good programming practice to declare all the variables (
that you are going to use) in the beginning of the program.

1) Primitive data types


In Java, we have eight primitive data types: boolean, char, byte, short, int,
long, float and double. Java developers included these data types to maintain
the portability of java as the size of these primitive data types do not change
from one operating system to another.

byte, short, int and long data types are used for storing whole numbers.

float and double are used for fractional numbers.

char is used for storing characters(letters).

boolean data type is used for variables that holds either true or false.

byte
This can hold whole number between -128 and 127. Mostly used to save
memory and when you are certain that the numbers would be in the limit
specified by byte data type.
Default size of this data type: 1 byte.
Default value: 0
Example:

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

byte num;

num = 113;
System.out.println(num);
}
}
Output:

113
Try the same program by assigning value assigning 150 value to variable
num, you would get type mismatch error because the value 150 is out of the
range of byte data type. The range of byte as I mentioned above is -128 to
127.

short
This is greater than byte in terms of size and less than integer. Its range is -
32,768 to 32767.
Default size of this data type: 2 byte

short num = 45678;


int
Used when short is not large enough to hold the number, it has a wider range:
-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
Default size: 4 byte
Default value: 0
Example:

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

short num;

num = 150;
System.out.println(num);
}
}
Output:

150
The byte data type couldn’t hold the value 150 but a short data type can
because it has a wider range.

long
Used when int is not large enough to hold the value, it has wider range than
int data type, ranging from -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to
9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
size: 8 bytes
Default value: 0
Example:

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

long num = -12332252626L;


System.out.println(num);
}
}
Output:

-12332252626
double
Sufficient for holding 15 decimal digits
size: 8 bytes
Example:

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

double num = -42937737.9d;


System.out.println(num);
}
}
Output:

-4.29377379E7
float
Sufficient for holding 6 to 7 decimal digits
size: 4 bytes

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

float num = 19.98f;


System.out.println(num);
}
}
Output:

19.98
boolean
It holds either true of false.

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

boolean b = false;
System.out.println(b);
}
}
Output:

false
char
It holds characters.
size: 2 bytes

class JavaExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {

char ch = 'Z';
System.out.println(ch);
}
}
Output:

Z
Literals in Java
A literal is a fixed value that we assign to a variable in a Program.

int num=10;
Here value 10 is a Integer literal.

char ch = 'A';
Here A is a char literal

Integer Literal
Integer literals are assigned to the variables of data
type byte, short, int and long.

byte b = 100;
short s = 200;
int num = 13313131;
long l = 928389283L;
Float Literals
Used for data type float and double.

double num1 = 22.4;


float num2 = 22.4f;
Note: Always suffix float value with the “f” else compiler will consider it as
double.

Char and String Literal


Used for char and String type.

char ch = 'Z';
String str = "BeginnersBook";
Check out these basic java programs before proceeding to the next topic:

1. Java Program to Add two Numbers


2. Java Program to Multiply two numbers
3. Java Program to read a number (entered by user)

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