Mathematics

NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS

EXERCISE : 4.1 (vii) y – 2 = 0

i.e. (0)x + (1)y + (–2) = 0
1. The cost of notebook is twice the cost of a Here, a = 0, b = 1 and c = –2.
pen. Write a linear equation in two (viii) 5 = 2x
variables to represent this statement.  5 – 2x = 0  –2x + 0y + 5 = 0
Sol. Let the cost of a pen be Rs. x and that of a  (–2)x + (0)y + (5) = 0
notebook be Rs. y. We are given that y = 2 × x Here, a = –2, b = 0 and c = 5.
i.e., y = 2x. Hence, the required linear EXERCISE : 4.2
equation is y = 2x 1. Which one of the following options is true,
2. Express the following linear equations in and why?
the form ax + by + c = 0 and indicate the y = 3 x + 5 has
values of a, b and c in each case : (i) a unique solution
(ii) Only two solutions
(i) 2x + 3y = 9.35 (ii) x – y/5 – 10 = 0
(iii) Infinitely many solutions.
(iii)–2x + 3y = 6 (iv) x = 3y
Sol. Option (iii) is true because a linear
(v) 2x = – 5y (vi) 3x + 2 = 0
equation has infinitely many solutions.
(vii) y – 2 = 0 (viii) 5 = 2x
Moreover when represented graphically
Sol. (i) 2x + 3y – 9.35 = 0 a linear equation in two variable is a
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Here, a = 2, b = 3, c = – 9.35 straight line which has infinite points and

(ii) x – y/5 – 10 = 0 hence, it has infinite solutions.
1 2. Write four solutions for each of the
i.e., 1x + (– ) y + (– 10) = 0
5 following equations :
1 (i) 2x + y = 7 (ii) x + y = 9
Here, a = 1, b = – , c = – 10
5 (iii) x = 4y
(iii) – 2x + 3y = 6 Sol. (i) 2x + y = 7
i.e., 2x – 3y + 6 = 0, For x = – 1, we get – 2 + y = 7, i.e., y = 9
i.e., 2x + (– 3) y + 6 = 0  (–1, 9) is a solution.
Here, a = 2, b = – 3, c = 6 For x = 0, we get y = 7
(iv) x = 3y, i.e., 1x + (– 3) y + 0 = 0  (0, 7) is a solution.
Here, a = 1, b = – 3, c = 0 For x = 1, we get 2 + y = 7, i.e., y = 5
(v) 2x = – 5y, i.e., 2x + 5y + 0 = 0  (1, 5) is a solution.
Here, a = 2, b = 5, c = 0 For x = 2, we get 4 + y = 7, i.e., y = 3
(vi) 3x + 2 = 0  (2, 3) is a solution.
i.e. (3)x + (0)y + (2) = 0 Hence, we have four solutions (–1, 9),
Here, a = 3, b = 0 and c = 2. (0, 7), (1, 5) and (2, 3)

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NCERT Basics : Class 9
(ii) Proceed as in (i) and we can have four Sol. (i) x + y = 4 or y = 4 – x.
solutions as (0, 9), (1, 9 – ), (2, 9 – 2)
and (3, 9 – 3). x 0 1 2
(iii) Proceed as in (i) and we can have four y 4 3 2
solutions as (0, 0), (4, 1), (8, 2) and (12, 3)
3. Check which of the following are solutions y
of the equation x – 2y = 4 and which are
6
not 5
(i) (0, 2) (ii) (2, 0) 4 A(0, 4)
3 B(1, 3)
(iii) (4, 0) (iv) ( 2,4 2)
2 C(2, 2)
(v) (1, 1) 1
x’ x
Sol. (i) Substituting x = 0, y = 2 in the equation
–3 –2 –1–1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
x – 2y = 4,
–2
we get 0 – 2 (2) = 4, i.e., – 4 = 4 but – 4  4 –3
 (0, 2) is not a solution y’
(ii) 2 – 2 (0)  4
(ii) x–y=2y=x–2
 (2, 0) is not a solution.
If we have x = 0, then y = 0 – 2 = –2
(iii) Substituting x = 4 and y = 0 in the equation
x = 1, then y = 1 – 2 = –1
x – 2y = 4, we get

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x = 2, then y = 2 – 2 = 0
L.H.S. = 4 – 2(0) = 4 – 0 = 4 = R.H.S.
 L.H.S. = R.H.S. x 0 1 2
 (4, 0) is a solution. y –2 –1 0
(iv) 2 − 2(4 2) = 4, i.e., 2 –8 2 = 4,
y
i.e., –7 2 = 4 but –7 2  4
6
 ( 2,4 2) is not a solution
5
Q
(v) 1 – 2 (1)  4 4
 (1, 1) is not a solution. 3
4. Find the value of k if x = 2, y = 1 is a 2
1
solution of the equation 2x + 3y = k. x’ (2, 0) x
Sol. (2)(2) + (3)(1) = k, i.e., 4 + 3 = k, i.e., k = 7. O
–3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–1 (1, –1)
EXERCISE : 4.3 –2 (0, –2)
1. Draw the graph of each of the following –3
y’
linear equations in two variables :
(i) x + y = 4 (ii) x – y = 2 Thus, the line PQ is required graph of
(iii) y = 3x (iv) 3 = 2 x + y x–y=2

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 Mathematics
(iii) y = 3x 2. Give the equations of two lines passing
If we have x = 0, then y = 3(0)  y = 0 through (2, 14). how many more such
x = 1, then y = 3(1)  y = 3 lines are there, and why?
x = –1, then y = 3(–1)  y = –3
Sol. x + y = 16,
x 0 1 –1
4x – y + 6 = 0
y 0 3 –3
Both the above equations will be satisfied
y
6 by x = 2, y = 14. Hence, these are the
5 M y = 3x
equations of two lines passing through (2, 14).
4
We can write infinitely many such lines
3 (1, 3)
2 because infinitely many lines can be made
x’ 1 x to pass through a point.
(0, 0)
3. If the point (3, 4) lies on the graph of the
–3 –2 –1–1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
–2 equation 3y = ax + 7, find the value of a.
(–1, –3) Sol. The equation of the given line is 3y = ax + 7
–3
L –4  (3, 4) lies on the given line
y’
 it must satisfy the equation 3y = ax + 7
Thus, LM is the required graph of y = 3x.
(iv) 3 = 2x + y We have (3, 4)  x = 3 and y = 4, putting
 y = 3 – 2x these values in equation, we get
If we put x = 0, then y = 3 – 2(0)  y = 3 3 × 4 = a × 3 + 7  12 = 3a + 7
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x = 1, then y = 3 – 2(1)  y = 1 5
x = 2, then y = 3 – 2(2) = 3 – 4 = –1  3a = 12 – 7 = 5  a =
3
 y = –1
5
x 0 1 2 Thus, the required value of a is .
3
y 3 1 –1
4. The taxi fare in a city is as follows : For the
y
6 first kilometre, the fare is Rs. 8 and for the
C5
subsequent distance it is Rs. 5 per km.
4
Taking the distance covered as x km and
3 (0, 3)
2 total fare as Rs. y, write a linear equation
x’ 1 (1, 1) x for this information, and draw its graph.
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sol. Here, total distance covered = x km and
–1
–2 (2, –1) total taxi fare = Rs. y
2x + y = 3
–3 Fare for the 1st km = Rs. 8
–4 D
y’ Remaining distance = (x – 1) km
 Fare for (x – 1) km = Rs. 5 × (x – 1)
Thus, the line CD is the required graph of
3 = 2x + y. Total taxi fare = Rs. 8 + Rs. 5(x – 1)

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NCERT Basics : Class 9
According to the condition, (i) y=x
y = 8 + 5(x – 1)  y = 8 + 5x – 5 (ii) x+y=0
 y = 5x + 3
(iii) y = 2x
which is the required linear equation
representing the given information. (iv) 2 + 3y = 7x
Graph : We have y = 5x + 3 2.
 When x = 0, then y = 5(0) + 3  y = 3 y
x = –1, then y = 5(–1) + 3  y = –2 3
(–1, 3)
x = –2, then y = 5(–2) + 3  y = –7 2 (0, 2)
 We get the following table : 1
x’ (2, 0) x
x 0 –1 –2 O
–3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3
y 3 –2 –7 (1, –1)
–2
–3
y
4 Q y’
3 (0, 3)
2 (i) y=x+2
x’ 1 x
(ii) y=x–2
–3 –2 –1–1O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(–1, –2) –2 (iii) y = – x+2
–3 (iv) x + 2y = 6
–4

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–5 Sol. From fig.1, the equation of the graph is
–6 x + y = 0 because (–1,1), (0,0) and (1, –1)
(–2, –7)–7
P –8
y’
satisfy the equation.
From fig.2, the equation of the graph is
Thus, PQ is the required graph of the y = – x + 2 because (–1,3), (0,2) and (2,0)
linear equation y = 5x + 3
satisfy the equation.
5. From the choices given below, choose the
equation whose graphs are given in figure. 6. If the work done by a body on application
1. of a constant force is directly proportional
y to the distance travelled by the body,
3
express this in the form of an equation in
2
two variables and draw the graph of the
x’ (–1, –1) 1 x
(0, 0)
same by taking the constant force as 5
O
–3 –2 –1–1 1 2 3
(1, –1) units. Also read from the graph the work
–2 done when the distance travelled by the
–3
body is
y’
(i) 2 units (ii) 0 unit

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 Mathematics
Sol. Sol.
y
10 B(2, 10)
y
9
8
120
7 100 (0, 100)
6
80
5 A(1, 5)
60
4
40
3
20
2 x’ (100, 0) x
1 O 20 40 60 80 100 120
x’ x
y’
–3 –2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y’
Contribution of Yamini = Rs. x (say)
Let us take that, the work done = y units and contribution of Fatima = Rs. y (say)
Then, x + y = 100
when the distance travelled = x units.
is the required equation.
Constant force = 5 units. Graph of the given equations is shown on
we have y = 5 × x [ Work done = force × the next page.
8. In countries like the USA and Canada,
distance] temperature is measured in Fahrenheit,
Hence, the required equation is y = 5x whereas in countries like India, it is
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measured in Celsius. Here is a linear

x 0 1 2
equation that converts Fahrenheit to
y 0 5 10 Celsius:
F = (9/5) C + 32
(i) Draw the graph of the linear equation
(i) From the graph when x = 2, above using Celsius for x-axis and
we have y = 10, i.e., work = 10 units. Fahrenheit for y-axis.
(ii) If the temperature is 30°C, what is the
(ii) When x = 0, we have y = 0, i.e., work done = 0
temperature in Fahrenheit?
7. Yamini and Fatima, two students of Class (iii) If the temperature is 95°F, what is the
IX of a school, together contributed Rs. temperature in celsius?
(iv) If the temperature is 0°C, what is the
100 towards the Prime Minister's Relief
temperature in Fahrenheit and if the
Fund to help the earthquake victims. temperature is 0°F, what is the
Write a linear equation which satisfies temperature in Celsius?
(v) Is there a temperature which is
this data. (You may take their
numerically the same in both Fahrenheit
contributions as Rs. x and Rs. y). Draw the and Celsius? If yes, find it.
graph of the same.

[65]
NCERT Basics : Class 9
9 EXERCISE : 4.4
Sol. (i) We have F =   C + 32
5 1. Give the geometric representation of y = 3
9 as an equation (i) in one variable (ii) in
When C = 0, F =   × 0 + 32 = 32
5 two variables.
9 y=3
When C = –15, F =   (–15) + 32
5 Sol. (i)
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4
= –27 + 32 = 5
9 y
When C = –10, F =   (–10) + 32 = 14 (ii)
5  y=3 
We have the following table : 3
C 0 –15 –10 2
F 32 5 14
1
(ii) From the graph, we have 86°F x’ x
corresponds to 30° C O
–2 –1 1 2
(iii) From the graph, we have 95°F = 35°C
(iv) From the graph, we have 0°C = 32° F and
0°F = –17.8°C y’
(v) When F = C (numerically)
From given equation, we get 2. Give the geometric representation of
9 9
F = F + 32  F – F = 32 2x + 9 = 0 as an equation.
5 5
(i) in one variable

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4
 – F = 32  F = –40 (ii) in two variables.
5
Temperature is –40° both in F and C. x = –9/2
y(F) Sol. (i)
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2
100
90 (35° C, 95° F) (ii)
80 (30° C, 86° F) y

70
60 −9
x=
50 2
40
30 2
(–10, 14) 20
x’ (–15, 5) 10 x(C) 1
x’ x
–40–30–20–10
–10
10 20 30 40 50 60 O
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1
–20 –1
–30
–40
(–40, –40) –50 y’


y’

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