ASD Physics

TEST-5: ALTERNATING CURRENT

Class 12 - Physics
Time Allowed: 1 hour and 30 minutes Maximum Marks: 40

General Instructions:

All questions are compulsory.

Section A
1. In a pure capacitive circuit, the current [1]

a) leads the applied emf by angle b) leads the applied emf by an angle π
π

c) and applied emf are in same phase d) lags behind the applied emf by angle π

s
2. The voltage across a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor connected in series to an ac source are 20 V, 15 V and [1]

ic
30 V respectively. The resultant voltage in the circuit is
ys
a) 5 V b) 25 V

c) 20 V d) 65 V
Ph
3. The reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C connected to an ac source of frequency ω is X. If the capacitance [1]
of the capacitor is doubled and the frequency of the source is tripled, the reactance will become:

a) b) 6 X
3
X
2
D

c) X

6
d) 2

3
X
AS

4. A choke is preferred to resistance for limiting current in ac circuit because [1]

a) there is no wastage of power b) choke is compact in size

c) choke is a good absorber of heat d) choke is cheap

5. Which of the following quantity/quantities remains same in primary and secondary coils of an ideal transformer? [1]
Current, Voltage, Power, Magnetic flux

a) Voltage only b) Magnetic flux and Power both

c) Power only d) Current only

6. Alternating current can not be measured by d.c. ammeter, because: [1]

a) average value of current of complete cycle b) a.c. cannot pass through a.c. ammeter
is zero

c) a.c. ammeter will get damaged d) a.c. changes direction

7. A voltage signal is described by: [1]
v = V0 for 0 ≤ t ≤
T

= 0 for
T
≤ t ≤ T
2

for a cycle. Its rms value is:

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 V0 V0
a) b)
2 √2

–
c) V0 d) √2 V0

8. An ac voltage v = v0 sin ωt is applied to a series combination of a resistor R and an element X. The [1]
instantaneous current in the circuit is I = I0 sin (ωt + π

4
) . Then which of the following is correct?
–
a) X is an inductor and XL = √2R b) X is an inductor and XL = R
–
c) X is a capacitor and XC = √2 R d) X is a capacitor and XC = R
−
−
9. Assertion (A): Quality factor of a series LCR circuit is Q =
1
√
L
[1]
R C

Reason (R): As bandwidth decreases, Q increases in a resonant LCR circuit.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

10. Assertion (A): A bulb connected in series with a solenoid is connected to ac source. If a soft iron core is [1]
introduced in the solenoid, the bulb will glow brighter.

s
Reason (R): On introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, the inductance increases.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct

ic
b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A.
ys correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Ph
11. Assertion (A): At resonance, the current becomes minimum in a series LCR circuit. [1]
Reason (R): At resonance, voltage and current are phase in a series LCR circuit.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
D

explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

AS

12. Assertion (A): Transformers are used only in alternating current sources, not in direct current. [1]
Reasons (R): Only a.c. can be stepped up or down by means of transformers.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
13. Alternating emf, ε = 220 sin100 πt is applied to a circuit containing an inductance of 1

π
H. Write an equation for [2]
instantaneous current through the circuit. What will be the reading of an a.c. ammeter if connected in the circuit?
14. In the following circuit, calculate, [2]
i. the capacitance 'C' of the capacitor if the power factor of the circuit is unity, and
ii. also calculate the Q-factor of the circuit.

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15. Write the function of a transformer. State its principle of working with the help of a diagram. Mention various [2]
energy losses in this device.
16. Given the input current 15 A and the input voltage of 100 V for a step-up transformer having 90% efficiency, [2]
What will be the output power and the voltage in the secondary if the output current is 3 A.
17. A lamp is connected in series with a capacitor. Predict your observation when this combination is connected in [2]
turn across
i. AC source and
ii. a DC battery.
What change would you notice in each case if the capacitance of the capacitor is increased?
Section C
18. If the effective value of current is 50 Hz a.c. The circuit is 5.0 A, what is [3]
i. the peak value of current
ii. the mean value of current over half cycle and
iii. the value of current 1

300
s after it was zero?
19. What is meant by root mean square value of alternating current? Derive an expression for r.m.s value of [3]

s
alternating current.

ic
20. Derive the expression for the average power dissipated in a series LCR circuit for an ac source of a voltage, V = [3]
Vm sin ωt, carrying a current, i = im sin (ωt + ϕ)
ys
Hence define the term Wattless current. State under what condition it can be realized in a circuit.
Section D
Ph
21. Read the text carefully and answer the questions: [4]
Let a source of alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sinωt be connected to a circuit containing a pure inductance L. If I is the

value of instantaneous current in the circuit, then I = I0 sin (ωt − π

2
) . The inductive reactance limits the current
D

in a purely inductive circuit and is given by XL = ωL.

AS

(a) A 100 hertz a.c. is flowing in a 14 mH coil. The reactance is

a) 7.5 Ω b) 15 Ω

c) 10 Ω d) 8.8 Ω
(b) In a pure inductive circuit, resistance to the flow of current is offered by

a) resistor and inductor b) capacitor

c) inductor d) resistor
(c) In an inductive circuit, by what value of phase angle does alternating current lags behind e.m.f.?

a) 90o b) 75o

c) 45o d) 120o

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 (d) How much inductance should be connected to 200 V, 50 Hz a.c. supply so that a maximum current of 0.9
A flows through it?

a) 5 H b) 10 H

c) 1 H d) 4.5 H
Section E
22. a. Draw graphs showing the variations of inductive reactance and capacitive reactance with the frequency of [5]
the applied ac source.
b. Draw the phasor diagram for a series RC circuit connected to an ac source.
c. An alternating voltage of 220 V is applied across a device X, a current of 0.25 A flows, which lag behind the
applied voltage in phase by radian. If the same voltage is applied across another device Y, the same current
π

flows but now it is in phase with the applied voltage.

i. Name the devices X and Y.
ii. Calculate the current flowing in the circuit when the same voltage is applied across the series
combination of X and Y.

ics
ys
Ph
D
AS

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 Solution

TEST-5: ALTERNATING CURRENT

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1. (a) leads the applied emf by angle π

Explanation:
leads the applied emf by angle π

2.
(b) 25 V
Explanation:
The resultant voltage in the LCR series circuit is calculated as,
−−−−−−−−−−−−−
V = √V 2
R
+ (Vc ∼ VL )
2

Here, all alphabets are in their usual meanings.

VR = 20 V, VC = 30 V and VL = 15 V
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
So, V = √(20) + (30 ∼ 15)
2 2

−−−−−−−− −−−
V = √400 + 225 = √625

s
V = 25 V

3.
(c) X

ic
6
ys
Explanation:
X

6
Ph

4. (a) there is no wastage of power

Explanation:
A choke reduces the current in an ac circuit without dissipating any power.
D

5.
(b) Magnetic flux and Power both
AS

Explanation:
In an ideal transformer, the following quantities remain the same in both the primary and secondary coils:
Magnetic Flux: The magnetic flux linked with both the primary and secondary coils is the same.
Power: In an ideal transformer (ignoring losses), the power input to the primary coil equals the power output from the
secondary coil.

6. (a) average value of current of complete cycle is zero

Explanation:
The average value of alternating current over a complete cycle is zero
7.
V0
(b)
√2

Explanation:
V0

√2

8.
(d) X is a capacitor and XC = R
Explanation:
X is a capacitor and XC = R

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 9.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
−
−
Quality factor of a series LCR circuit is Q = 1

R
√
L

C
. Assertion is true.
Resonant frequency
Quality factor is also defined as Q = . So, as bandwidth decreases, Q increases. So, reason is also true. But
Bandwidth
reason does not explain the assertion.

10.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
On introducing soft iron core, the bulb will glow dimmer. This is because on introducing soft iron core in the solenoid, its
inductance L increases, the inductive reactance, XL = ω L increases and hence the current through the bulb decreases.

11.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
At resonance, XL = XC, so the circuit impedance becomes minimum and resistive and hence the current becomes maximum.
So, the assertion is false.

s
At resonance, XL = XC, so the circuit impedance becomes resistive. In resistive circuit voltage and current are always in same

ic
phase. Hence, reason is true. ys
12. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
A transformer works on the principle of mutual induction. It can step up or step down a changing current like a.c. and not d.c
Ph
Section B
13. Alternating emf, ε = 220 sin 100πt
Comparing with ε = ε sin 2π ft, we get 0

= 220 V, f = 50 Hz
D

ε0

Current amplitude,
ε0 ε0
I0 = = =
220
= 2.2 A
AS

ωL 2πf L 1
2π×50×
π

π
Since the current in an inductive circuit lags behind the emf in phase by 2
radius, therefore, the instantaneous current through the
circuit is
π
I = I0 sin(100πt − )
2
π
= 2.2 sin(100πt − )
2

The a.c. ammeter will read the rms value of current,

I0 2.2
Irms = = = 1.556 A
√2 √2

R
14. i. Power factor, cos ϕ = Z
or Z = R [For power factor unity, cos ϕ = 1 ]
1
∴ XC = XL or 2πf C
= 2πf L

or C = 1

2 2
=
1

2 −3
4π f L 4×9.87× (50) ×200× 10

−5
= 5 × 10 F

or C = 50μF
−
−
ii. Q-factor = R
1
√
L

C
−−−−−−−
−3
1 200×10
Q = √ = 6.32
10 −5
5×10

15. A transformer is a device that changes a low alternating voltage into a high alternating voltage or vice versa. The transformer
works on the principle of mutual induction. A changing alternate current in the primary coil produces a changing magnetic field,
which induces a changing alternating current in the secondary coil.

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 Energy losses in the transformer:
i. Flux leakage due to poor structure of the core and air gaps in the core.
ii. Loss of energy due to heat produced by the resistance of the windings.
iii. Eddy currents due to alternating magnetic flux in the iron core, which leads to loss of energy due to heat.
iv. Hysteresis, frequent and periodic magnetisation and demagnetisation of the core, leading to loss of energy due to heat.
16. Input current = 15A
Input voltage = 100 V
efficiency = 90
Output power
= 0.9
Input power
Output power Output power
Input voltage ×Input current
=
15×100
= 0.9
Output power = 15 × 100 × 0.9 = 1350 W

s
Output current = 3A

ic
Output power 1350
Output voltage = = = 450 V
Output current 3
ys
17. i. On increasing capacitance, current will increase. It also increases the brightness of bulb. As capacitance increases, capacitive
reactance (X = 1/ωC ) decreases, impedance Z decreases, hence current increases.
c

ii. A capacitor does not allow DC current pass through it, as the capacitive reactance becomes infinite due to zero frequency of
Ph
DC voltage or current. Hence, there will be no flow of current through the circuit and hence the bulb will not glow.
Section C
18. Here leff = 5 A, f = 50 Hz
– –
i. I = 7.07 A
D

0 = √2Ief f = √2 × 5

ii. Im =
2

π
I0 = 0.637 × 7.07 = 4.5 A

iii. At t = 1/300 s,
AS

I=I 0 sin 2πf t = 7.07 sin(2π × 50 ×

300
1
)

√3
= 7.07 sin π

3
= 7.07 ×
2
= 6.12 A
19. Root mean square (r.m.s.) of a.c.: It is that steady current, which when passed through a resistance for a given time will produce
the same amount of heat as the alternating current does in the same resistance and in the same time. It is denoted by Irms or IV.
Derivation of r.m.s value of current:
The instantaneous value of a.c. passing through a resistance R is given by
I = I0 sin ωt

The alternating current changes continuously with time. Suppose that the current through the resistance remains constant for an
infinitesimally small time dt.
Then, small amount of heat produced the resistance R in time dt is given by
dH = I2R dt = (I sin ωt) R dt = I R sin ωtdt
0
2 2
0
2

The amount of heat produced in the resistance in time T/2 is

T /2 T /2

2 1−cos 2ωt
2 2
H = ∫ I Rsin ωt dt = I R ∫ dt
0 0 2
0 0

2 T /2
I R

or H = 0

2
[t −
sin ωt

2ω
]
0
T
2 sin 2ωt⋅
I R

or H = 0

2
[
T

2
−
2ω
2
− 0]

2π T
2 sin 2⋅ ⋅
I R
or H = 0

2
[
T

2
−
2ω
T 2
]

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 2
I R
sin 2π
or H =
0 T
[ − ]
2 2 2ω

2
I R
or H = 0

2
⋅
T

2
[∵ sin 2π = 0]

If Irms be the r.m.s. value of a.c., then by definition,

2 T
H = Irms R
2

where
2
I
2 0
Irms =
2
I0
or I rms = = 0.707 I0
√2

20. V = Vm sin ωt
i = im sin (ωt + ϕ)
Power at any instant
P = Vi = Vmim sin ωt Sin (ωt + ϕ)
Vm im
P= 2
[cos ϕ - cos (2ωt + ϕ)]
The average of the second term in the above expression is zero over a full cycle.
Vm im
∴ power dissipated in a series LCR circuit is given by = P¯ = 2
cos ϕ

Vm im
¯
P = × cos ϕ
√2 √2

¯
∴ P = Vnms Irms cos ϕ

Wattles's current is that which flows in the circuit but no power dissipation occurs.

ics
±π
It is realized only when the circuit is purely inductive or capacitive, i.e., when cos ϕ = 0 or ϕ = 2

Section D
21. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
ys
Let a source of alternating e.m.f. E = E0 sinω t be connected to a circuit containing a pure inductance L. If I is the value of
instantaneous current in the circuit, then I = I0 sin (ωt − π

2
) . The inductive reactance limits the current in a purely inductive
Ph
circuit and is given by XL = ω L.
D
AS

(i) (d) 8.8 Ω

Explanation:
Inductive reactance,
XL = ω L = 2πvL = 2π × 100 × 14 × 10-3
XL = 8.8 Ω

(ii) (c) inductor

Explanation:
inductor
(iii) (a) 90o
Explanation:
In an inductor voltage leads the current by π

2
or current lags the voltage by π

2
.
(iv) (c) 1 H
Explanation:
The current in the inductor coil is given by
E0 √2Ev
I0 = X
=
2πvL
L

√2Ev 1.414×200
L= 2π∪ I0
=
2×3.14×50×0.9
=1H

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 Section E
22. a. Drawing the two graphs the graph shows the variation of capacitive resistance with frequency and inductive resistance with
frequency.
The two graphs are as shown

ic s
ys
b. Drawing the phaser diagram
Ph
π
(the current leads the voltage by an angle θ where 0 < θ < 2
) . The required phaser diagram is as shown.
D
AS

[Here, θ = tan −1
[
1

ωCR
]

c.
i. In device X:
Current lags behind the voltage by π

∴ X is an inductor.
In device Y:
Current in phase with the applied voltage.
∴ Y is resistor.

ii. We are given that

0.25 =220

XL

or XL = 220

0.25
Ω = 880 Ω
Also 0.25 = 220

XR

∴ XR =
220

0.25
Ω = 880 Ω
For the series combination of X and Y,

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 −−−−−−−−
–
Equivalent impedance = √X 2
L
+ X
R
2
= (880√2)Ω

∴ Current flowing 220

A = 0.177 A
880√2

ics
ys
Ph
D
AS

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