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SQL Examples With Syntax Color

The document provides a comprehensive SQL syllabus that covers basic, intermediate, and advanced SQL concepts with examples. It includes topics such as SELECT statements, joins, aggregate functions, subqueries, CTEs, window functions, and data manipulation techniques. Each section contains specific questions and SQL queries to illustrate the concepts effectively.

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1 views4 pages

SQL Examples With Syntax Color

The document provides a comprehensive SQL syllabus that covers basic, intermediate, and advanced SQL concepts with examples. It includes topics such as SELECT statements, joins, aggregate functions, subqueries, CTEs, window functions, and data manipulation techniques. Each section contains specific questions and SQL queries to illustrate the concepts effectively.

Uploaded by

jawarimandiofficial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete SQL Syllabus with Examples (Colored)

1. BASIC SQL - Questions with Examples

SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING

Q1. What is the difference between WHERE and HAVING?


WHERE filters rows before grouping; HAVING filters after aggregation.

Example:
-- Get employees with salary > 50000
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;

-- Get departments with AVG salary > 50000


SELECT department_id, AVG(salary) AS avg_salary
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > 50000;

Q2. Retrieve top 5 highest-paid employees:


SELECT name, salary FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;

Q3. Count number of orders per customer:


SELECT customer_id, COUNT(*) AS total_orders FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id;

Basic JOINS (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL)

Q4. INNER JOIN - customers with orders


SELECT c.customer_name, o.order_id FROM customers c INNER JOIN orders o ON c.customer_id =
o.customer_id;

Q5. LEFT JOIN - customers with or without orders


SELECT c.customer_name, o.order_id FROM customers c LEFT JOIN orders o ON c.customer_id =
o.customer_id;

Q6. FULL JOIN - all customers and all orders


SELECT c.customer_name, o.order_id FROM customers c FULL OUTER JOIN orders o ON c.customer_id =
o.customer_id;

Create & Use Tables

Q7. Create a new table:


CREATE TABLE employees (
emp_id INT PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(50),
department_id INT,
salary DECIMAL(10,2),
hire_date DATE
);

Q8. Insert multiple rows:


Complete SQL Syllabus with Examples (Colored)

INSERT INTO employees (emp_id, name, department_id, salary, hire_date)


VALUES
(1, 'Alice', 101, 60000, '2022-01-10'),
(2, 'Bob', 102, 55000, '2022-03-05');

2. INTERMEDIATE SQL - Questions with Examples

Aggregate Functions

Q9. Total revenue from sales:


SELECT SUM(amount) AS total_revenue FROM sales;

Q10. Max & Min salary per department:


SELECT department_id, MAX(salary) AS max_salary, MIN(salary) AS min_salary FROM employees GROUP BY
department_id;

Subqueries

Q11. Employees earning more than average:


SELECT name, salary FROM employees WHERE salary > (SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees);

Q12. Second highest salary:


SELECT MAX(salary) AS second_highest FROM employees WHERE salary < (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM
employees);

CTEs and CASE

Q13. Top 3 orders per customer using ROW_NUMBER:


WITH ranked_orders AS (
SELECT customer_id, order_id, amount,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY amount DESC) AS rn
FROM orders
)
SELECT * FROM ranked_orders WHERE rn <= 3;

Q14. Categorize salaries:


SELECT name, salary,
CASE
WHEN salary >= 70000 THEN 'High'
WHEN salary >= 50000 THEN 'Medium'
ELSE 'Low'
END AS salary_group
FROM employees;

Q15. Use CASE inside SUM (conditional aggregation):


SELECT department_id,
SUM(CASE WHEN gender = 'Male' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS male_count,
SUM(CASE WHEN gender = 'Female' THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS female_count
FROM employees GROUP BY department_id;
Complete SQL Syllabus with Examples (Colored)

3. ADVANCED SQL - Questions with Examples

Advanced Joins

Q16. Self-join to find manager-employee pairs:


SELECT e.name AS employee, m.name AS manager FROM employees e JOIN employees m ON e.manager_id =
m.emp_id;

Q17. Non-equi join - price within range:


SELECT p.product_id, d.discount FROM products p JOIN discounts d ON p.price BETWEEN d.min_price
AND d.max_price;

Window Functions

Q18. Rank employees by salary per department:


SELECT name, department_id, salary,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY department_id ORDER BY salary DESC) AS dept_rank FROM employees;

Q19. Find 2nd order of each customer:


WITH cte AS (
SELECT *, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY customer_id ORDER BY order_date) AS rn
FROM orders
)
SELECT * FROM cte WHERE rn = 2;

Q20. Use LEAD and LAG:


SELECT product_id, month, sales,
LAG(sales) OVER (PARTITION BY product_id ORDER BY month) AS prev_month_sales,
LEAD(sales) OVER (PARTITION BY product_id ORDER BY month) AS next_month_sales
FROM sales_data;

Indexing & Data Manipulation

Q21. Create an index on email:


CREATE INDEX idx_email ON users(email);

Q22. View execution plan (PostgreSQL):


EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'abc@example.com';

Q23. Update city name:


UPDATE customers SET city = 'NYC' WHERE city = 'New York';

Q24. Delete duplicate rows:


DELETE FROM users WHERE id NOT IN (
SELECT MIN(id) FROM users GROUP BY email
);

Q25. Insert from another table:


INSERT INTO archive_orders (order_id, customer_id, amount)
Complete SQL Syllabus with Examples (Colored)

SELECT order_id, customer_id, amount FROM orders WHERE order_date < '2023-01-01';

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