WELCOME

To

Institute of Health Technology

Rajshahi
Afroze Mahmud
Guest Teacher
Computer Science
IHT, Rajshahi
 Chapter-4
Computer Input and Output Device
4.1 Input Device:
An input device is a piece of hardware used to provide data to a
computer used for interaction and control. It allows input of raw
data to the computer for processing Input devices are generally a
class of peripheral devices that connect to the primary device.
Computers only work with digital information. Any input that a
computer receives must be digitized.
Following are some of the important input devices which are used
in a computer:
➢Keyboard: A keyboard is one of the primary input devices that
allow users to input text into a computer or any other electronic
machinery, It is a peripheral device that is the most basic way for
the user to communicate with a computer. It consists of multiple
buttons, which create numbers, symbols, letters and special keys
like the Windows and Alt key, including performing other functions.
The design of the keyboard comes from the typewriter keyboards,
and numbers and letters are arranged on the keyboard in that
way, which helps to type quickly.
The following image shows a 104-key Saitek keyboard with arrows
pointing to each section including the control keys, function keys,
LED indicators, wrist pad, arrow keys and keypad.
➤ Mouse: A mouse is a small handheld input device that
controls a computer scren's cursor of pointer in conjunction with
the way it is moved on a flat surface. The mouse term name
originates from its likeness to a small, corded and elliptical
shaped device that looks like a mouse tail. Some mouse
devices have integrated features, such as extra buttons that
may be programmed and assigned with different commands.
Below is a list of all the computer mouse functions and options to
give you an idea of all the mouse capabilities.
i. Moves the mouse cursor- The primary function is to move the
mouse pointer on the screen.

ii. Point- Once the mouse is moved, you can point something
out for another user or point a digital object. For example, in a
game you can use the mouse to point a gun in the direction
to shoot.
iii. Open or execute a program- Once you've moved the pointer
to an icon, folder or another object clicking or double-clicking
that object opens the document or executes the program.Some
programs even support triple-clicking .
iv. Select - A mouse also allows you to select text or a file or
highlight and select multiple files ar once.
v. Drag-and-drop- Once something is selected; it can also be
moved using the drag-and-drop method.

vi. Hover- Moving the mouse cursor over objects with hover
information helps discover t object's function. For example,
hover the mouse over the "hover" link to see an example.

vii. Scroll- When working with a long document or viewing a

long web page, you may need to scroll up or down. To scroll,
rotate the mouse wheel or click-and-drag the scroll bar. The
mouse we can also be used as a button. See the IntelliMouse
page for further information and functions of the mouse wheel.
viii. Perform other functions- Many desktop mice
also have buttons that can be programmed to
perform any function. For example, many mice
have two side buttons on the thumb portion of the
mouse.
➢Scanner- is an input device that reads an image and
converts it into a digital file. A scanner is connected to a
computer through USB. There are different types of scanners:
i. Flatbed scanner-uses a flat surface to scan documents.
ii. Shifted scanner-like a laser printer where paper is fed into
the scanner.
iii. Handheld scanner - the scanner is dragged over the page
to be scanned.
iv Card scanner-for scanning business card.
Digital cameras are other examples of input devices, most
common in the world today.
A digital camera is a photographic input device in which the image or
video is recorded on a CCD (Charge Coupled Device)system hind
stored in digital form in memory cards. It can not only capture and
digitize an image but also record sound and shooting parameters.
The digital camera allows us to take a photograph and immediately
create document in standardized formats for the computer or other
devices. The digital camera uses its CCD sensor or Charge Coupled
Device as its focal plane.
The cameras are used by both people who are interested or not in
photography to capture memorable moments and professional
photographers.
Advantages of digital camera-
i. Images recorded (input) with a digital camera can be displayed on
the screen immediately.
ii. Thousands of photos can be stored in a small memory card.
iii. To free up space in it stored images or videos can also be deleted.
iv In some digital cameras, it is also possible to crop images as
required.
Microphone:
A microphone is a device that translates sound vibrations in the air into
electronic signals or scribes them to a recording medium. Microphones
enable many types of audio recording devices for purposes including
communications of many kinds, as well as music and speech recording.
A microphone is an input device that was developed by Emile Berliner in
1877. It is used to convert sound waves into electric wavesorinput the audio
into computers. It captures audio by converting sound waves into an
electrical signal, which may be a digital or analog signal. This process can
be implemented by a computer or other digital audio devices. The first
electronic microphone was based on a liquid mechanism, which used a
diaphragm that was connected to a current- charged needle in a diluted
sulfuric acid solution. It was not able to reproduce the intelligible speech.
Touch screen:
A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to interact with a
computer using their finger or stylus. They're a useful alternative to a
mouse or keyboard for navigating a GUI (graphical user interface).
Touch screens are used on a variety of devices, such as a computer and
laptop displays, Smartphone, tablets, cash registers and information
kiosks. Some touch screens use a grid of infrared beams to sense the
presence of a finger instead of utilizing touch-sensitive input.
Following are the benefits or advantages of Touch Screen Interface:
i. It is easy for inexperienced user to learn and operate with the help of
touch of any one of the fingers.
ii. It saves lot of space and avoids external devices such as keyboard or
mouse.
iii. It provides quick and efficient selection of menu options.
iv. The interface is very easy to maintain as no dirt gets accumulated.
v. It offers very high durability and reliability.
vi. It is easy to change the GUI on the touch screen interface with the
help of software upgrades.
Joystick is an input device that control a character or machine in a
computer program, such as a plane in a flight simulator. They look similar
to the control device you would find on an arcade game, but nearly
always include extra buttons for additional functionality. The picture
shows the Logitech Freedom 2.4, an example of a joystick
➢ Magnetic Ink Card Reader (MICR):
MICR input device is generally used in banks as there are large number
of cheques to be processed every day. The bank's code number and
cheque number are printed on the cheques with a special type of ink
that contains particles of magnetic material that are machine readable.
This reading process is called Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(MICR). The main advantages of MICR are that it is fast and less error
prone.

➢Optical Character Reader (OCR):

OCR is an input device used to read a printed text. OCR scans the text
optically, character by character, converts them into a machine readable
code and stores the text on the system memory
➢ Optical Mark Reader (OMR):
OMR is a special type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of
mark made by pen or pencil. It is used where one out of a few alternatives
is to be selected and marked. It is specially used for checking the answer
sheets of examinations having multiple choice questions.
4.2 Output device:
An output device is any hardware device used to send data fron a computer
to another device or user. Usually, most output peripherals are meant for
human use, so they receive the processed data from the computer and
transform it in the form of audio, video or physical reproductions. Typical
examples of output devices are monitors and projectors (video),
headphones and speakers (audio) or printers and plotters (physical
reproduction in the form of text or graphics)
The different types of output device are as follows:
➢ Monitor:
A monitor is an electronic output device that is also known as a video display
terminal(VDT) or a video display unit (VDU). It is used to display images,
text, video and graphics informatics generated by a connected computer via
a computer's video card. Although it is almost like a TV, resolution is much
higher than a TV. The first computer monitor was introduced on 1 March 1971
which was part of the Xerox Alto computer system.
i.Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): A cathode-ray tube is a display device
used in television sets and computer monitors. It is a kind of vacuum
tube which contains one or more electron guna, electrostatic
deflection plates and a phosphor target which is located at the back
of the glas screen. A cathode for which the CRT got its name is a
positive terminal at which electrons may enter.
ii. Liquid-Crystal Display: A liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor is
a computer monitor or display that uses LCD technology to show
clear images and is found mostly in laptop computers and flat panel
monitors. This technology has replaced the traditional cathode ray
tube (CRT) monitors, which were the previous standard and once
were considered to have better picture quality than early LCD
variants.
iii. Light-emitting diode (LED): LED Display (light-emitting diode
display) is a screen display technology that uses a panel of LEDs as
the light source. Currently, a large number of electronic devices, both
small and large, use LED display as a screen and as an interaction
medium between the user and the system. Modern electronic devices
such as mobile phones, TVs, tablets, computer monitors, laptops
screens etc. use a LED display to display their output.
➤ Plotter:
A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer that is
used for printing vector graphics, Instead of toner, plotters use a
pen, pencil, marker or another writing tool to draw multiple,
continuous lines onto paper rather than a series of dots like a
traditional printer. Though once widely used for computer-aided
design, these devices have more or less been phased out by wide-
format printers. Plotters produce a hard copy of schematics and
other similar applications.

Advantages of plotters:
i. Plotters can work on very large sheets of paper while maintaining
high restilution.
ii.They can print on a wide variety of flat materials including
plywood, aluminum, shet steel, cardboard and plastic.
➤ Projector:
A projector is an output device that takes images generated by a
computer or Blu-ray player and reproduce them by projection onto a
screen, wall or another surface. In most cases, the surface projected
onto is large, flat and lightly colored. For example, you could use a
projector to show a presentation on a large screen so that everyone
in the room can see it.Projectors can produce either still (slides) or
moving images (videos). A projector is often about the size of a
toaster and weighs only a few pounds.

➤ Speakers:
A computer speaker is an outputhardware device that connects to a
computer to generate sound. The signal used to produce the sound
that comes from a computer speaker is created by the computer's
sound card. The picture shows the Harman Kardon Sound sticks III
2.1 Charte Multimedia Speaker System.
A printer is an external hardware output device that takes the electronic data
stored on a computer or other device and generates a hard copy. For example, if
you created a report on your computer, you could print several copies to hand
out at a staff meeting. Printers are one of the most popular computerperipherals
and are commonly used to print text and photos.
A list of all the various types of printers is given below:
i. Inkjet Printers: It is widely used by home and business computer users that
print characters by spraying the ink using magnetic plates on the paper. It contains
a paper feed assembly, ink cartridge, print head, stabilizer bar and belt.
ii. Laser printers: The laser printer is one of the common personal computer
printers. It was introduced in 1971 and after that it was developed at Xerox
PARC by Gary Stark weather. It uses the laser or non-impact photocopier
technology to print the text and images on the paper. Whenever it gets input to
print any document, a laser beam draws the document on the selenium- coated
drum with the help of electric charges.
iii. 3D Printers: One of the best enhancements in the history of printing
technology is the 3d printer, which was developed by Chuck Hull in 1984. It
produces 3D objects and items by using quality resin. It uses materials like plastics,
polymers, metal alloys or even food ingredients.
 Q. Exercise-4
1. What are the input and output device. With example.
2. Write down the name of common input and output device. Or, Define input and
output Device? Give example.
Or, Write down the name of five input and output device.
3. What is Keyboard? Write some mane of important keypad of a keyboard with
short discussion.
4. What is mouse? Function of mouse.
5. What is Touch screen?
6. What is touch screen technology?
7. Write short note on: Touch pad, Joysticks, Webcam, VDU Microphone, DVD and
Scanner.
8. What is Monitor? Types of monitor.
9. What are printer & Plotter? Write down the classification of printer.