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Music Lesson q1

The document outlines various music styles of the 20th century, including Impressionism, Expressionism, Primitivism, Neo-Classicism, Avant-Garde, Modern Nationalism, Electronic Music, and Chance Music. It highlights key composers and their notable works within each style, such as Claude Debussy for Impressionism and Arnold Schoenberg for Expressionism. The document emphasizes the evolution of musical techniques and the incorporation of new elements throughout the century.

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0 views3 pages

Music Lesson q1

The document outlines various music styles of the 20th century, including Impressionism, Expressionism, Primitivism, Neo-Classicism, Avant-Garde, Modern Nationalism, Electronic Music, and Chance Music. It highlights key composers and their notable works within each style, such as Claude Debussy for Impressionism and Arnold Schoenberg for Expressionism. The document emphasizes the evolution of musical techniques and the incorporation of new elements throughout the century.

Uploaded by

mavenad1er
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON IN MUSIC 10 – FIRST QUARTER

MUSIC OF 20TH CENTURY

Impressionism
Impressionism is made use of the whole-tone scale. It also applied suggested, rather than
depicted, reality. It created a mood rather than a definite picture.

Features of Impressionism
 The use of “color” or in musical terms, timbre, which can be achieved through
orchestration, harmonic usage, texture, etc.
 New combinations are extended chords, harmonies, whole tone, chromatic scales, and
pentatonic scales emerged.

Composers of Impressionism
Claude Debussy
 He was one of the most influential and leading composers of the 20 th century.
 He was known as the “father of modern school of compositions”
Famous Works:
 Claire De Lune
 La Mer (1905)
 Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun

Maurice Ravel
 At age 14, he entered the Paris Conservatory. A French composer named Gabriel
Faure musically nurtured him in the conservatory.
Famous Works:
 Bolero
 Miroirs (Mirrors)
 Pavane for a Dead Princess (1899)

Expressionism
Expressionism revealed the composer’s mind. Instead of presenting an impression of the
environment. It used atonality and the twelve-tone scale, lacking stable and conventional
harmonies.

Features of Expressionism
 A high degree of dissonance (dissonance is the quality of sounds that seems unstable)
 Extreme contrast of dynamics (from pianissimo to fortissimo, very soft to very loud)

Composers of Expressionism
Arnold Shoenberg
 He was responsible for the establishment of the twelve-tone system.
Famous Works:
 Pierrot Lunaire
 Three Pieces for Piano
 Verklarte Nacht

Igor Stravinsky
 His first notable composition was “The Firebird Suite (1910)”, composed for
Diaghilev’s Russian Ballet.
Famous Works:
 Ballet Petrouchka
 The Nightingale
 Three Tales for Children

1
Primitivism
Tonal through the stressing of one note as more important than the others.

Composer of Primitivism
Bela Bartok
 He started piano lessons with his mother and later entered Budapest Royal Academy of
Music in 1899.
Famous Works:
 Duet for pipes
 Six String Quartets
 Concerto for Orchestra

Neo-Classicism
Neo – classicism was a partial return to a Classical form of writing music with carefully
modulated dissonances.

Composer of Neo-Classicism
Sergei Prokofieff
 His style is uniquely recognizable for its progressive technique, pulsating rhythms,
melodic directness, and a resolving dissonance.
Famous Works:
 Romeo and Juliet
 War and Peace
 Peter and the Wolf

Francis Poulenc
 He was a member of a young French composers known as “Les Six”.
Famous Works:
 Les Mamelles de Tiresias (1944)
 Dialogues des Carmelites (1956)
 Melancholie

Avant-Garde Music
Avante – Garde style closely associated with electronic music, the Avant - Garde movement dealt
with the parameters or the dimensions of sound in space.

Composer of Avant – Garde Music


George Gershwin
 Gershwin’s musical compositions total around 369 which include orchestral music,
chamber music, musical theater, film musical, operas, and songs.
Famous Works:
 Summertime
 Rhapsody in Blue (1924)
 An American in Paris (1928)

Leonard Bernstein
 Bernstein philosophy was that the universal language of music is basically rooted in
tonality.
Famous Works:
 Tonight (from Westside Story)
 Candide (1956)
 Mass (1971)

Phillip Glass
2
 Glass is a commercially successful minimalist and avant-garde composer.
Famous Works:
 Einstein on the beach (1976)
 Music in fifths

Modern Nationalism
Modern Nationalism was a loser from 20 th century music development that focused on nationalist
composers and musical innovators who sought to combine modern techniques with folk
materials.

Composer of Modern Nationalism


Nikolai Rimsky Korsakov
 Nikolai and other Russian composers infused chromatic harmony and incorporated
Russian folk music and liturgical chants in their thematic material.
Famous Works:
 Visions Fugitive

New Musical Styles


Electronic Music
 Synthesizers
 Tape Recorders
 Loudspeakers

Composer of Electronic Music


Edgar Varese
 From France, Varese’s use of new instrument and electronic resources led to his being
knowns as the “Father of Electronic Music” and a description of him as “The
Stratospheric Colossus of Sound.”
Famous Works:
 Poem Electronique

Karlheinz Stockhausen
 Stockhausen electronic sounds revealed the rich musical potential of modern technology.
Famous works:
 Helicopter String Quartet
 Kontakte (1960)
 Epic Hymnen (1965)

Chance Music
Chance Music refers to a style in which the piece sounds different at every performance because
of the random techniques of production, including the use of ring modulators or natural elements
that become part of the music.

Composer of Chane Music


John Cage
 With his truly unconventional composition techniques, Cage’s works feature the widest
array of sounds from the most inventive sources.
Famous Works:
 Concert for Piano and Orchestra, 1958
 Music of Changes (1951)

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